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|
*version7.txt* For Vim version 7.0aa. Last change: 2005 Aug 11
VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar
Welcome to Vim 7! A large number of features has been added. This file
mentions all the new items, changes to existing features and bug fixes
compared to Vim 6.x. Use this command to see the version you are using: >
:version
See |vi_diff.txt| for an overview of differences between Vi and Vim 7.0.
See |version4.txt| for differences between Vim 3.x and Vim 4.x.
See |version5.txt| for differences between Vim 4.x and Vim 5.x.
See |version6.txt| for differences between Vim 5.x and Vim 6.x.
INCOMPATIBLE CHANGES |incompatible-7|
NEW FEATURES |new-7|
Vim script enhancements |new-vim-script|
Spell checking |new-spell|
KDE support |new-KDE|
MzScheme interface |new-MzScheme|
Printing multi-byte text |new-print-multi-byte|
Translated manual pages |new-manpage-trans|
Internal grep |new-vimgrep|
Scroll back in messages |new-scroll-back|
POSIX compatibility |new-posix|
Debugger support |new-debug-support|
Remote file explorer |new-netrw-explore|
Various new items |new-items-7|
IMPROVEMENTS |improvements-7|
COMPILE TIME CHANGES |compile-changes-7|
BUG FIXES |bug-fixes-7|
==============================================================================
INCOMPATIBLE CHANGES *incompatible-7*
These changes are incompatible with previous releases. Check this list if you
run into a problem when upgrading from Vim 6.x to 7.0.
A ":write file" command no longer resets the 'modified' flag of the buffer,
unless the '+' flag is in 'cpoptions' |cpo-+|. This was illogical, since the
buffer is still modified compared to the original file. And when undoing
all changes the file would actually be marked modified. It does mean that
":quit" fails now.
":helpgrep" now uses a help window to display a match.
In an argument list double quotes could be used to include spaces in a file
name. This caused a difference between ":edit" and ":next" for escaping
double quotes and it is incompatible with some versions of Vi.
Command Vim 6.x file name Vim 7.x file name ~
:edit foo\"888 'foo"888' 'foo"888'
:next foo\"888 'foo888' 'foo"888'
:next a\"b c\"d 'ab cd' 'a"b' and 'c"d'
In a |literal-string| a single quote can be doubled to get one.
":echo 'a''b'" would result in "a b", but now that two quotes stand for one it
results in "a'b".
When overwriting a file with ":w! fname" there was no warning for when "fname"
was being edited by another Vim. Vim now gives an error message |E768|.
Minor incompatibilities:
For filetype detection: For many types, instead of ~/.dir/filename use
*/.dir/filename, so that it also works for other user's files.
":0verbose" now sets 'verbose' to zero instead of one.
Removed the old and incomplete "VimBuddy" code.
Buffers without a name report "No Name" instead of "No File". It was
confusing for buffers with a name and 'buftype' set to "nofile".
When ":file xxx" is used in a buffer without a name, the alternate file name
isn't set. This avoids creating buffers without a name that are not useful.
The "2html.vim" script now converts closed folds to HTML. This means the HTML
looks like its displayed, with the same folds open and closed. Use "zR", or
"let html_ignore_folding=1", if no folds should appear in the HTML. (partly by
Carl Osterwisch)
Diff mode now is also converted as it is displayed.
Win32: The effect of the <F10> key depended on 'winaltkeys'. Now it depends
on whether <F10> has been mapped or not. This allows mapping <F10> without
changing 'winaltkeys'.
When 'octal' is in 'nrformats' and using CTRL-A on "08" it became "018", which
is illogical. Now it becomes "9". The leading zero(s) is(are) removed to
avoid the number becoming octal after incrementing "009" to "010".
When 'encoding' is set to a Unicode encoding, the value for 'fileencodings'
now includes "default" before "latin1". This means that for files with 8-bit
encodings the default is to use the encoding specified by the environment, if
possible. Previously latin1 would always be used, which is wrong in a
non-latin1 environment, such as Russian.
Previously Vim would exit when there are two windows, both of them displaying
a help file, and using ":quit". Now only the window is closed.
"-w {scriptout}" only works when {scriptout} doesn't start with a digit.
Otherwise it's used to set the 'window' option.
Previously <Home> and <xHome> could be mapped separately. This had the
disadvantage that all mappings (with modifiers) had to be duplicated, since
you can't be sure what the keyboard generates. Now all <xHome> are internally
translated to <Home>, both for the keys and for mappings. Also for <xEnd>,
<xF1>, etc.
":put" now leaves the cursor on the last inserted line.
When a .gvimrc file exists then 'compatible' is off, just like when a ".vimrc"
file exists.
==============================================================================
NEW FEATURES *new-7*
Vim script enhancements *new-vim-script*
-----------------------
In Vim scripts the following types have been added:
List ordered list of items |List|
Dictionary associative array of items |Dictionary|
Funcref reference to a function |Funcref|
Many functions and commands have been added to support the new types.
The |string()| function can be used to get a string representation of a
variable. Works for Numbers, Strings and composites of them. Then |eval()|
can be used to turn the string back into the variable value.
The |:let| command can now use ":let var += expr" like using ":let var = var +
expr". "-=" and ".=" works in a similar way.
With the |:profile| command you can find out where your function or script
wastes its time.
Spell checking *new-spell*
--------------
Spell checking has been integrated in Vim. There were a few implementations
with scripts, but they were slow and/or required an external program.
The 'spell' option is used to switch spell checking on or off.
The 'spelllang' option is used to specify the languages that are accepted.
The 'spellfile' option specifies where new words are added.
The 'spellsuggest' option specifies the methods used for making suggestions
The |[s| and |]s| commands can be used to move to the next or previous error.
The |zg| and |zw| commands can be used to add good and wrong words.
The |z?| command can be used to correct the word.
The |:mkspell| command is used to generate a Vim spell file from word lists.
The "undercurl" highlighting attribute was added to nicely point out spelling
mistakes in the GUI (based on patch from Marcin Dalecki).
The "guisp" color can be used to give it a color different from foreground and
background.
The number of possible different highlight attributes was raised from about
220 to over 30000. This allows for the attributes of spelling to be combined
with syntax highlighting attributes. This is also used for syntax
highlighting.
Much more info here: |spell|.
KDE support *new-KDE*
-----------
Kvim is the KDE version of Vim. It uses the Qt toolkit. See |KVim|.
(Thomas Capricelli, Philippe Fremy, Mickael Marchand, Mark Westcott, et al.)
MzScheme interface *new-MzScheme*
------------------
The MzScheme interpreter is supported. |MzScheme|
The |:mzscheme| command can be used to execute MzScheme commands.
The |:mzfile| command can be used to execute an MzScheme script file.
Printing multi-byte text *new-print-multi-byte*
------------------
The |:hardcopy| command now supports printing multi-byte characters.
The 'printmbcharset' and 'printmbfont' options are used for this.
Also see |postscript-cjk-printing|. (Mike Williams)
Translated manual pages *new-manpage-trans*
-----------------------
The manual page of Vim and associated programs is now also available in
several other languages.
French - translated by David Blanchet
Italian - translated by Antonio Colombo
Russian - translated by Vassily Ragosin
The Unix Makefile installs the Italian manual pages in .../man/it/man1/,
.../man/it.ISO8859-1/man1/ and .../man/it.UTF-8/man1/. There appears to be no
standard for what encoding goes in the "it" directory, the 8-bit encoded file
is used there as a best guess.
Other languages are installed in similar places.
The translated pages are not automatically installed when Vim was configured
with "--disable-nls", but "make install-languages install-tool-languages" will
do it anyway.
Internal grep *new-vimgrep*
-------------
The ":vimgrep" command can be used to search for a pattern in a list of files.
This is like the ":grep" command, but no external program is used. Besides
better portability, handling of different file encodings and using multi-line
patterns, this also allows grepping in compressed and remote files.
|:vimgrep|.
If you want to use the search results in a script you can use the
|getqflist()| function.
To search in files in various directories the "**" pattern can be used. It
expands into an arbitrary depth of directories. "**" can be used in all
places where file names are expanded, thus also with |:next| and |:args|.
Scroll back in messages *new-scroll-back*
-----------------------
When displaying messages, at the |more-prompt| and the |hit-enter-prompt|, The
'k', 'u' and 'b' keys can be used to scroll back to previous messages. This
is especially useful for commands such as ":syntax", ":autocommand" and
":highlight". This is implemented in a generic way thus it works for all
commands and highlighting is kept. Only works when the 'more' option is set.
Previously it only partly worked for ":clist".
The |g<| command can be used to see the last page of messages after you have
hit <Enter> at the |hit-enter-prompt|. Then you can scroll further back.
POSIX compatibility *new-posix*
-------------------
The POSIX test suite was used to verify POSIX compatibility. A number of
problems have been fixed to make Vim more POSIX compatible. Some of them
conflict with traditional Vi or expected behavior. The $VIM_POSIX environment
variable can be set to get POSIX compatibility. See |posix|.
Items that were fixed for both Vi and POSIX compatibilty:
- repeating "R" with a count only overwrites text once; added the 'X' flag to
'cpoptions' |cpo-X|
- a vertical movement command that moves to a non-existing line fails; added
the '-' flag to 'cpoptions' |cpo--|
- when preserving a file and doing ":q!" the file can be recovered; added the
'&' flag to 'cpoptions' |cpo-&|
- The 'window' option is partly implemented. It specifies how much CTRL-F and
CTRL-B scroll when there is one window. The "-w {number}" argument is now
accepted. "-w {scriptout}" only works when {scriptout} doesn't start with a
digit.
- Allow "-c{command}" argument, no space between "-c" and {command}.
- When writing a file with ":w!" don't reset 'readonly' when 'Z' is present in
'cpoptions'.
- Allow 'l' and '#' flags for ":list", ":print" and ":number".
- Added the '.' flag to 'cpoptions': ":cd" fails when the buffer is modified.
- In Ex mode with an empty buffer ":read file" doesn't keep an empty line
above or below the new lines.
- Remove a backslash before a NL for the ":global" command.
- When ":append", ":insert" or ":change" is used with ":global", get the
inserted lines from the command. Can use backslash-NL to separate lines.
- Can use ":global /pat/ visual" to execute Normal mode commands at each
matc
|