diff options
author | Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org> | 2022-03-08 21:35:07 +0000 |
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committer | Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org> | 2022-03-08 21:35:07 +0000 |
commit | 1588bc8ebee22f2855f27273fc2234fff370f86c (patch) | |
tree | 7ef17f0d3739007a97fbe09daa1f96757a8ac8f2 /runtime/doc/eval.txt | |
parent | ed0c62e7b16b62655824df28cdd6bd75aadbb8fc (diff) |
Update runtime files
Diffstat (limited to 'runtime/doc/eval.txt')
-rw-r--r-- | runtime/doc/eval.txt | 201 |
1 files changed, 118 insertions, 83 deletions
diff --git a/runtime/doc/eval.txt b/runtime/doc/eval.txt index 87edd49ece..48cef5c09f 100644 --- a/runtime/doc/eval.txt +++ b/runtime/doc/eval.txt @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -*eval.txt* For Vim version 8.2. Last change: 2022 Feb 21 +*eval.txt* For Vim version 8.2. Last change: 2022 Mar 05 VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar @@ -1834,6 +1834,7 @@ Some variables can be set by the user, but the type cannot be changed. *v:argv* *argv-variable* v:argv The command line arguments Vim was invoked with. This is a list of strings. The first item is the Vim command. + See |v:progpath| for the command with full path. *v:beval_col* *beval_col-variable* v:beval_col The number of the column, over which the mouse pointer is. @@ -2215,6 +2216,8 @@ v:none An empty String. Used to put an empty item in JSON. See < v:none ~ That is so that eval() can parse the string back to the same value. Read-only. + Note that using `== v:none` and `!= v:none` will often give + an error. Instead, use `is v:none` and `isnot v:none` . *v:null* *null-variable* v:null An empty String. Used to put "null" in JSON. See @@ -2225,7 +2228,10 @@ v:null An empty String. Used to put "null" in JSON. See < v:null ~ That is so that eval() can parse the string back to the same value. Read-only. - In |Vim9| script "null" can be used without "v:". + In |Vim9| script `null` can be used without "v:". + In some places `v:null` and `null` can be used for a List, + Dict, Job, etc. that is not set. That is slightly different + than an empty List, Dict, etc. *v:numbermax* *numbermax-variable* v:numbermax Maximum value of a number. @@ -3423,16 +3429,17 @@ text... opposite of |:lockvar|. :if {expr1} *:if* *:end* *:endif* *:en* *E171* *E579* *E580* -:en[dif] Execute the commands until the next matching ":else" - or ":endif" if {expr1} evaluates to non-zero. +:en[dif] Execute the commands until the next matching `:else` + or `:endif` if {expr1} evaluates to non-zero. Although the short forms work, it is recommended to - always use `:endif` to avoid confusion. + always use `:endif` to avoid confusion and to make + auto-indenting work properly. From Vim version 4.5 until 5.0, every Ex command in - between the ":if" and ":endif" is ignored. These two + between the `:if` and `:endif` is ignored. These two commands were just to allow for future expansions in a backward compatible way. Nesting was allowed. Note - that any ":else" or ":elseif" was ignored, the "else" + that any `:else` or `:elseif` was ignored, the `else` part was not executed either. You can use this to remain compatible with older @@ -3441,32 +3448,38 @@ text... : version-5-specific-commands :endif < The commands still need to be parsed to find the - "endif". Sometimes an older Vim has a problem with a - new command. For example, ":silent" is recognized as - a ":substitute" command. In that case ":execute" can + `endif`. Sometimes an older Vim has a problem with a + new command. For example, `:silent` is recognized as + a `:substitute` command. In that case `:execute` can avoid problems: > :if version >= 600 : execute "silent 1,$delete" :endif < - NOTE: The ":append" and ":insert" commands don't work - properly in between ":if" and ":endif". + In |Vim9| script `:endif` cannot be shortened, to + improve script readability. + NOTE: The `:append` and `:insert` commands don't work + properly in between `:if` and `:endif`. *:else* *:el* *E581* *E583* -:el[se] Execute the commands until the next matching ":else" - or ":endif" if they previously were not being +:el[se] Execute the commands until the next matching `:else` + or `:endif` if they previously were not being executed. + In |Vim9| script `:else` cannot be shortened, to + improve script readability. *:elseif* *:elsei* *E582* *E584* -:elsei[f] {expr1} Short for ":else" ":if", with the addition that there - is no extra ":endif". +:elsei[f] {expr1} Short for `:else` `:if`, with the addition that there + is no extra `:endif`. + In |Vim9| script `:elseif` cannot be shortened, to + improve script readability. :wh[ile] {expr1} *:while* *:endwhile* *:wh* *:endw* *E170* *E585* *E588* *E733* -:endw[hile] Repeat the commands between ":while" and ":endwhile", +:endw[hile] Repeat the commands between `:while` and `:endwhile`, as long as {expr1} evaluates to non-zero. When an error is detected from a command inside the - loop, execution continues after the "endwhile". + loop, execution continues after the `endwhile`. Example: > :let lnum = 1 :while lnum <= line("$") @@ -3474,12 +3487,14 @@ text... :let lnum = lnum + 1 :endwhile < - NOTE: The ":append" and ":insert" commands don't work - properly inside a ":while" and ":for" loop. + In |Vim9| script `:while` and `:endwhile` cannot be + shortened, to improve script readability. + NOTE: The `:append` and `:insert` commands don't work + properly inside a `:while` and `:for` loop. :for {var} in {object} *:for* *E690* *E732* :endfo[r] *:endfo* *:endfor* - Repeat the commands between ":for" and ":endfor" for + Repeat the commands between `:for` and `:endfor` for each item in {object}. {object} can be a |List| or a |Blob|. *E1177* @@ -3489,7 +3504,7 @@ text... global/window/tab/buffer variable. When an error is detected for a command inside the - loop, execution continues after the "endfor". + loop, execution continues after the `endfor`. Changing {object} inside the loop affects what items are used. Make a copy if this is unwanted: > :for item in copy(mylist) @@ -3514,9 +3529,12 @@ text... iterate over. Unlike with |List|, modifying the |Blob| does not affect the iteration. + In |Vim9| script `:endfor` cannot be shortened, to + improve script readability. + :for [{var1}, {var2}, ...] in {listlist} :endfo[r] *E1140* - Like ":for" above, but each item in {listlist} must be + Like `:for` above, but each item in {listlist} must be a list, of which each item is assigned to {var1}, {var2}, etc. Example: > :for [lnum, col] in [[1, 3], [2, 5], [3, 8]] @@ -3524,39 +3542,44 @@ text... :endfor < *:continue* *:con* *E586* -:con[tinue] When used inside a ":while" or ":for" loop, jumps back +:con[tinue] When used inside a `:while` or `:for` loop, jumps back to the start of the loop. - If it is used after a |:try| inside the loop but - before the matching |:finally| (if present), the - commands following the ":finally" up to the matching - |:endtry| are executed first. This process applies to - all nested ":try"s inside the loop. The outermost - ":endtry" then jumps back to the start of the loop. - + If it is used after a `:try` inside the loop but + before the matching `:finally` (if present), the + commands following the `:finally` up to the matching + `:endtry` are executed first. This process applies to + all nested `:try`s inside the loop. The outermost + `:endtry` then jumps back to the start of the loop. + + In |Vim9| script `:cont` is the shortest form, to + improve script readability. *:break* *:brea* *E587* -:brea[k] When used inside a ":while" or ":for" loop, skips to - the command after the matching ":endwhile" or - ":endfor". - If it is used after a |:try| inside the loop but - before the matching |:finally| (if present), the - commands following the ":finally" up to the matching - |:endtry| are executed first. This process applies to - all nested ":try"s inside the loop. The outermost - ":endtry" then jumps to the command after the loop. +:brea[k] When used inside a `:while` or `:for` loop, skips to + the command after the matching `:endwhile` or + `:endfor`. + If it is used after a `:try` inside the loop but + before the matching `:finally` (if present), the + commands following the `:finally` up to the matching + `:endtry` are executed first. This process applies to + all nested `:try`s inside the loop. The outermost + `:endtry` then jumps to the command after the loop. + + In |Vim9| script `:break` cannot be shortened, to + improve script readability. :try *:try* *:endt* *:endtry* *E600* *E601* *E602* *E1032* :endt[ry] Change the error handling for the commands between - ":try" and ":endtry" including everything being - executed across ":source" commands, function calls, + `:try` and `:endtry` including everything being + executed across `:source` commands, function calls, or autocommand invocations. When an error or interrupt is detected and there is - a |:finally| command following, execution continues - after the ":finally". Otherwise, or when the - ":endtry" is reached thereafter, the next - (dynamically) surrounding ":try" is checked for - a corresponding ":finally" etc. Then the script + a `:finally` command following, execution continues + after the `:finally`. Otherwise, or when the + `:endtry` is reached thereafter, the next + (dynamically) surrounding `:try` is checked for + a corresponding `:finally` etc. Then the script processing is terminated. Whether a function definition has an "abort" argument does not matter. Example: > @@ -3564,9 +3587,9 @@ text... echomsg "not reached" < Moreover, an error or interrupt (dynamically) inside - ":try" and ":endtry" is converted to an exception. It - can be caught as if it were thrown by a |:throw| - command (see |:catch|). In this case, the script + `:try` and `:endtry` is converted to an exception. It + can be caught as if it were thrown by a `:throw` + command (see `:catch`). In this case, the script processing is not terminated. The value "Vim:Interrupt" is used for an interrupt @@ -3581,13 +3604,16 @@ text... try | sleep 100 | catch /^Vim:Interrupt$/ | endtry try | edit | catch /^Vim(edit):E\d\+/ | echo "error" | endtry < + In |Vim9| script `:endtry` cannot be shortened, to + improve script readability. + *:cat* *:catch* *E603* *E604* *E605* *E654* *E1033* -:cat[ch] /{pattern}/ The following commands until the next |:catch|, - |:finally|, or |:endtry| that belongs to the same - |:try| as the ":catch" are executed when an exception +:cat[ch] /{pattern}/ The following commands until the next `:catch`, + `:finally`, or `:endtry` that belongs to the same + `:try` as the `:catch` are executed when an exception matching {pattern} is being thrown and has not yet - been caught by a previous ":catch". Otherwise, these + been caught by a previous `:catch`. Otherwise, these commands are skipped. When {pattern} is omitted all errors are caught. Examples: > @@ -3609,29 +3635,35 @@ text... NOTE: It is not reliable to ":catch" the TEXT of an error message because it may vary in different locales. + In |Vim9| script `:catch` cannot be shortened, to + improve script readability. *:fina* *:finally* *E606* *E607* -:fina[lly] The following commands until the matching |:endtry| +:fina[lly] The following commands until the matching `:endtry` are executed whenever the part between the matching - |:try| and the ":finally" is left: either by falling - through to the ":finally" or by a |:continue|, - |:break|, |:finish|, or |:return|, or by an error or - interrupt or exception (see |:throw|). + `:try` and the `:finally` is left: either by falling + through to the `:finally` or by a `:continue`, + `:break`, `:finish`, or `:return`, or by an error or + interrupt or exception (see `:throw`). + + In |Vim9| script `:finally` cannot be shortened, to + improve script readability and avoid confusion with + `:final`. *:th* *:throw* *E608* *E1129* :th[row] {expr1} The {expr1} is evaluated and thrown as an exception. - If the ":throw" is used after a |:try| but before the - first corresponding |:catch|, commands are skipped - until the first ":catch" matching {expr1} is reached. - If there is no such ":catch" or if the ":throw" is - used after a ":catch" but before the |:finally|, the - commands following the ":finally" (if present) up to - the matching |:endtry| are executed. If the ":throw" - is after the ":finally", commands up to the ":endtry" + If the ":throw" is used after a `:try` but before the + first corresponding `:catch`, commands are skipped + until the first `:catch` matching {expr1} is reached. + If there is no such `:catch` or if the ":throw" is + used after a `:catch` but before the `:finally`, the + commands following the `:finally` (if present) up to + the matching `:endtry` are executed. If the `:throw` + is after the `:finally`, commands up to the `:endtry` are skipped. At the ":endtry", this process applies - again for the next dynamically surrounding ":try" + again for the next dynamically surrounding `:try` (which may be found in a calling function or sourcing - script), until a matching ":catch" has been found. + script), until a matching `:catch` has been found. If the exception is not caught, the command processing is terminated. Example: > @@ -3640,13 +3672,16 @@ text... for when an error causes the parsing to skip the whole line and not see the "|" that separates the commands. + In |Vim9| script `:throw` cannot be shortened, to + improve script readability. + *:ec* *:echo* :ec[ho] {expr1} .. Echoes each {expr1}, with a space in between. The first {expr1} starts on a new line. Also see |:comment|. Use "\n" to start a new line. Use "\r" to move the cursor to the first column. - Uses the highlighting set by the |:echohl| command. + Uses the highlighting set by the `:echohl` command. Cannot be followed by a comment. Example: > :echo "the value of 'shell' is" &shell @@ -3655,21 +3690,21 @@ text... And since Vim mostly postpones redrawing until it's finished with a sequence of commands this happens quite often. To avoid that a command from before the - ":echo" causes a redraw afterwards (redraws are often + `:echo` causes a redraw afterwards (redraws are often postponed until you type something), force a redraw - with the |:redraw| command. Example: > + with the `:redraw` command. Example: > :new | redraw | echo "there is a new window" < *:echon* :echon {expr1} .. Echoes each {expr1}, without anything added. Also see |:comment|. - Uses the highlighting set by the |:echohl| command. + Uses the highlighting set by the `:echohl` command. Cannot be followed by a comment. Example: > :echon "the value of 'shell' is " &shell < - Note the difference between using ":echo", which is a - Vim command, and ":!echo", which is an external shell + Note the difference between using `:echo`, which is a + Vim command, and `:!echo`, which is an external shell command: > :!echo % --> filename < The arguments of ":!" are expanded, see |:_%|. > @@ -3685,8 +3720,8 @@ text... *:echoh* *:echohl* :echoh[l] {name} Use the highlight group {name} for the following - |:echo|, |:echon| and |:echomsg| commands. Also used - for the |input()| prompt. Example: > + `:echo`, `:echon` and `:echomsg` commands. Also used + for the `input()` prompt. Example: > :echohl WarningMsg | echo "Don't panic!" | echohl None < Don't forget to set the group back to "None", otherwise all following echo's will be highlighted. @@ -3695,14 +3730,14 @@ text... :echom[sg] {expr1} .. Echo the expression(s) as a true message, saving the message in the |message-history|. Spaces are placed between the arguments as with the - |:echo| command. But unprintable characters are + `:echo` command. But unprintable characters are displayed, not interpreted. - The parsing works slightly different from |:echo|, - more like |:execute|. All the expressions are first + The parsing works slightly different from `:echo`, + more like `:execute`. All the expressions are first evaluated and concatenated before echoing anything. If expressions does not evaluate to a Number or String, string() is used to turn it into a string. - Uses the highlighting set by the |:echohl| command. + Uses the highlighting set by the `:echohl` command. Example: > :echomsg "It's a Zizzer Zazzer Zuzz, as you can plainly see." < See |:echo-redraw| to avoid the message disappearing @@ -3712,12 +3747,12 @@ text... message in the |message-history|. When used in a script or function the line number will be added. Spaces are placed between the arguments as with the - |:echomsg| command. When used inside a try conditional, + `:echomsg` command. When used inside a try conditional, the message is raised as an error exception instead (see |try-echoerr|). Example: > :echoerr "This script just failed!" -< If you just want a highlighted message use |:echohl|. +< If you just want a highlighted message use `:echohl`. And to get a beep: > :exe "normal \<Esc>" |