io: use intrusive wait list for I/O driver (#2828)

This refactors I/O registration in a few ways:

- Cleans up the cached readiness in `PollEvented`. This cache used to
  be helpful when readiness was a linked list of `*mut Node`s in
  `Registration`. Previous refactors have turned `Registration` into just
  an `AtomicUsize` holding the current readiness, so the cache is just
  extra work and complexity. Gone.
- Polling the `Registration` for readiness now gives a `ReadyEvent`,
  which includes the driver tick. This event must be passed back into
  `clear_readiness`, so that the readiness is only cleared from `Registration`
  if the tick hasn't changed. Previously, it was possible to clear the
  readiness even though another thread had *just* polled the driver and
  found the socket ready again.
- Registration now also contains an `async fn readiness`, which stores
  wakers in an instrusive linked list. This allows an unbounded number
  of tasks to register for readiness (previously, only 1 per direction (read
  and write)). By using the intrusive linked list, there is no concern of
  leaking the storage of the wakers, since they are stored inside the `async fn`
  and released when the future is dropped.
- Registration retains a `poll_readiness(Direction)` method, to support
  `AsyncRead` and `AsyncWrite`. They aren't able to use `async fn`s, and
  so there are 2 reserved slots for those methods.
- IO types where it makes sense to have multiple tasks waiting on them
  now take advantage of this new `async fn readiness`, such as `UdpSocket`
  and `UnixDatagram`.

Additionally, this makes the `io-driver` "feature" internal-only (no longer
documented, not part of public API), and adds a second internal-only
feature, `io-readiness`, to group together linked list part of registration
that is only used by some of the IO types.

After a bit of discussion, changing stream-based transports (like
`TcpStream`) to have `async fn read(&self)` is punted, since that
is likely too easy of a footgun to activate.

Refs: #2779, #2728 

4 files changed, 11 insertions, 7 deletions

diff --git a/examples/connect.rs b/examples/connect.rs
index 5d0515a7..6e909b25 100644
--- a/examples/connect.rs
+++ b/examples/connect.rs
@@ -96,7 +96,6 @@ mod udp {
     use std::error::Error;
     use std::io;
     use std::net::SocketAddr;
-    use tokio::net::udp::{RecvHalf, SendHalf};
     use tokio::net::UdpSocket;
 
     pub async fn connect(
@@ -114,16 +113,15 @@ mod udp {
 
         let socket = UdpSocket::bind(&bind_addr).await?;
         socket.connect(addr).await?;
-        let (mut r, mut w) = socket.split();
 
-        future::try_join(send(stdin, &mut w), recv(stdout, &mut r)).await?;
+        future::try_join(send(stdin, &socket), recv(stdout, &socket)).await?;
 
         Ok(())
     }
 
     async fn send(
         mut stdin: impl Stream<Item = Result<Bytes, io::Error>> + Unpin,
-        writer: &mut SendHalf,
+        writer: &UdpSocket,
     ) -> Result<(), io::Error> {
         while let Some(item) = stdin.next().await {
             let buf = item?;
@@ -135,7 +133,7 @@ mod udp {
 
     async fn recv(
         mut stdout: impl Sink<Bytes, Error = io::Error> + Unpin,
-        reader: &mut RecvHalf,
+        reader: &UdpSocket,
     ) -> Result<(), io::Error> {
         loop {
             let mut buf = vec![0; 1024];
diff --git a/examples/echo-udp.rs b/examples/echo-udp.rs
index bc688b9b..3027c869 100644
--- a/examples/echo-udp.rs
+++ b/examples/echo-udp.rs
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ struct Server {
 impl Server {
     async fn run(self) -> Result<(), io::Error> {
         let Server {
-            mut socket,
+            socket,
             mut buf,
             mut to_send,
         } = self;
diff --git a/examples/udp-client.rs b/examples/udp-client.rs
index a191033d..a394ee66 100644
--- a/examples/udp-client.rs
+++ b/examples/udp-client.rs
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ async fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
     }
     .parse()?;
 
-    let mut socket = UdpSocket::bind(local_addr).await?;
+    let socket = UdpSocket::bind(local_addr).await?;
     const MAX_DATAGRAM_SIZE: usize = 65_507;
     socket.connect(&remote_addr).await?;
     let data = get_stdin_data()?;
diff --git a/examples/udp-codec.rs b/examples/udp-codec.rs
index 8b64cbc3..f338bd84 100644
--- a/examples/udp-codec.rs
+++ b/examples/udp-codec.rs
@@ -1,3 +1,8 @@
+fn main() {}
+
+// Disabled while future of UdpFramed is decided on.
+// See https://github.com/tokio-rs/tokio/issues/2830
+/*
 //! This example leverages `BytesCodec` to create a UDP client and server which
 //! speak a custom protocol.
 //!
@@ -78,3 +83,4 @@ async fn pong(socket: &mut UdpFramed<BytesCodec>) -> Result<(), io::Error> {
 
     Ok(())
 }
+*/