diff options
author | Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@fb.com> | 2019-02-04 17:29:45 -0800 |
---|---|---|
committer | Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net> | 2019-02-05 16:52:57 +0100 |
commit | d5caef5b56555bfa2ac0cf730f075864a023437e (patch) | |
tree | aa8f77aa92737d225574fe536014e9d49ff28b29 /tools/lib | |
parent | 69eaab04c675ef2d0127a80b3395aa90dfd1061f (diff) |
btf: add BTF types deduplication algorithm
This patch implements BTF types deduplication algorithm. It allows to
greatly compress typical output of pahole's DWARF-to-BTF conversion or
LLVM's compilation output by detecting and collapsing identical types emitted in
isolation per compilation unit. Algorithm also resolves struct/union forward
declarations into concrete BTF types representing referenced struct/union. If
undesired, this resolution can be disabled through specifying corresponding options.
Algorithm itself and its application to Linux kernel's BTF types is
described in details at:
https://facebookmicrosites.github.io/bpf/blog/2018/11/14/btf-enhancement.html
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Diffstat (limited to 'tools/lib')
-rw-r--r-- | tools/lib/bpf/btf.c | 1741 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | tools/lib/bpf/btf.h | 7 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | tools/lib/bpf/libbpf.map | 1 |
3 files changed, 1749 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/tools/lib/bpf/btf.c b/tools/lib/bpf/btf.c index 06bd1a625ff4..e5097be16018 100644 --- a/tools/lib/bpf/btf.c +++ b/tools/lib/bpf/btf.c @@ -849,3 +849,1744 @@ __u32 btf_ext__line_info_rec_size(const struct btf_ext *btf_ext) { return btf_ext->line_info.rec_size; } + +struct btf_dedup; + +static struct btf_dedup *btf_dedup_new(struct btf *btf, struct btf_ext *btf_ext, + const struct btf_dedup_opts *opts); +static void btf_dedup_free(struct btf_dedup *d); +static int btf_dedup_strings(struct btf_dedup *d); +static int btf_dedup_prim_types(struct btf_dedup *d); +static int btf_dedup_struct_types(struct btf_dedup *d); +static int btf_dedup_ref_types(struct btf_dedup *d); +static int btf_dedup_compact_types(struct btf_dedup *d); +static int btf_dedup_remap_types(struct btf_dedup *d); + +/* + * Deduplicate BTF types and strings. + * + * BTF dedup algorithm takes as an input `struct btf` representing `.BTF` ELF + * section with all BTF type descriptors and string data. It overwrites that + * memory in-place with deduplicated types and strings without any loss of + * information. If optional `struct btf_ext` representing '.BTF.ext' ELF section + * is provided, all the strings referenced from .BTF.ext section are honored + * and updated to point to the right offsets after deduplication. + * + * If function returns with error, type/string data might be garbled and should + * be discarded. + * + * More verbose and detailed description of both problem btf_dedup is solving, + * as well as solution could be found at: + * https://facebookmicrosites.github.io/bpf/blog/2018/11/14/btf-enhancement.html + * + * Problem description and justification + * ===================================== + * + * BTF type information is typically emitted either as a result of conversion + * from DWARF to BTF or directly by compiler. In both cases, each compilation + * unit contains information about a subset of all the types that are used + * in an application. These subsets are frequently overlapping and contain a lot + * of duplicated information when later concatenated together into a single + * binary. This algorithm ensures that each unique type is represented by single + * BTF type descriptor, greatly reducing resulting size of BTF data. + * + * Compilation unit isolation and subsequent duplication of data is not the only + * problem. The same type hierarchy (e.g., struct and all the type that struct + * references) in different compilation units can be represented in BTF to + * various degrees of completeness (or, rather, incompleteness) due to + * struct/union forward declarations. + * + * Let's take a look at an example, that we'll use to better understand the + * problem (and solution). Suppose we have two compilation units, each using + * same `struct S`, but each of them having incomplete type information about + * struct's fields: + * + * // CU #1: + * struct S; + * struct A { + * int a; + * struct A* self; + * struct S* parent; + * }; + * struct B; + * struct S { + * struct A* a_ptr; + * struct B* b_ptr; + * }; + * + * // CU #2: + * struct S; + * struct A; + * struct B { + * int b; + * struct B* self; + * struct S* parent; + * }; + * struct S { + * struct A* a_ptr; + * struct B* b_ptr; + * }; + * + * In case of CU #1, BTF data will know only that `struct B` exist (but no + * more), but will know the complete type information about `struct A`. While + * for CU #2, it will know full type information about `struct B`, but will + * only know about forward declaration of `struct A` (in BTF terms, it will + * have `BTF_KIND_FWD` type descriptor with name `B`). + * + * This compilation unit isolation means that it's possible that there is no + * single CU with complete type information describing structs `S`, `A`, and + * `B`. Also, we might get tons of duplicated and redundant type information. + * + * Additional complication we need to keep in mind comes from the fact that + * types, in general, can form graphs containing cycles, not just DAGs. + * + * While algorithm does deduplication, it also merges and resolves type + * information (unless disabled throught `struct btf_opts`), whenever possible. + * E.g., in the example above with two compilation units having partial type + * information for structs `A` and `B`, the output of algorithm will emit + * a single copy of each BTF type that describes structs `A`, `B`, and `S` + * (as well as type information for `int` and pointers), as if they were defined + * in a single compilation unit as: + * + * struct A { + * int a; + * struct A* self; + * struct S* parent; + * }; + * struct B { + * int b; + * struct B* self; + * struct S* parent; + * }; + * struct S { + * struct A* a_ptr; + * struct B* b_ptr; + * }; + * + * Algorithm summary + * ================= + * + * Algorithm completes its work in 6 separate passes: + * + * 1. Strings deduplication. + * 2. Primitive types deduplication (int, enum, fwd). + * 3. Struct/union types deduplication. + * 4. Reference types deduplication (pointers, typedefs, arrays, funcs, func + * protos, and const/volatile/restrict modifiers). + * 5. Types compaction. + * 6. Types remapping. + * + * Algorithm determines canonical type descriptor, which is a single + * representative type for each truly unique type. This canonical type is the + * one that will go into final deduplicated BTF type information. For + * struct/unions, it is also the type that algorithm will merge additional type + * information into (while resolving FWDs), as it discovers it from data in + * other CUs. Each input BTF type eventually gets either mapped to itself, if + * that type is canonical, or to some other type, if that type is equivalent + * and was chosen as canonical representative. This mapping is stored in + * `btf_dedup->map` array. This map is also used to record STRUCT/UNION that + * FWD type got resolved to. + * + * To facilitate fast discovery of canonical types, we also maintain canonical + * index (`btf_dedup->dedup_table`), which maps type descriptor's signature hash + * (i.e., hashed kind, name, size, fields, etc) into a list of canonical types + * that match that signature. With sufficiently good choice of type signature + * hashing function, we can limit number of canonical types for each unique type + * signature to a very small number, allowing to find canonical type for any + * duplicated type very quickly. + * + * Struct/union deduplication is the most critical part and algorithm for + * deduplicating structs/unions is described in greater details in comments for + * `btf_dedup_is_equiv` function. + */ +int btf__dedup(struct btf *btf, struct btf_ext *btf_ext, + const struct btf_dedup_opts *opts) +{ + struct btf_dedup *d = btf_dedup_new(btf, btf_ext, opts); + int err; + + if (IS_ERR(d)) { + pr_debug("btf_dedup_new failed: %ld", PTR_ERR(d)); + return -EINVAL; + } + + err = btf_dedup_strings(d); + if (err < 0) { + pr_debug("btf_dedup_strings failed:%d\n", err); + goto done; + } + err = btf_dedup_prim_types(d); + if (err < 0) { + pr_debug("btf_dedup_prim_types failed:%d\n", err); + goto done; + } + err = btf_dedup_struct_types(d); + if (err < 0) { + pr_debug("btf_dedup_struct_types failed:%d\n", err); + goto done; + } + err = btf_dedup_ref_types(d); + if (err < 0) { + pr_debug("btf_dedup_ref_types failed:%d\n", err); + goto done; + } + err = btf_dedup_compact_types(d); + if (err < 0) { + pr_debug("btf_dedup_compact_types failed:%d\n", err); + goto done; + } + err = btf_dedup_remap_types(d); + if (err < 0) { + pr_debug("btf_dedup_remap_types failed:%d\n", err); + goto done; + } + +done: + btf_dedup_free(d); + return err; +} + +#define BTF_DEDUP_TABLE_SIZE_LOG 14 +#define BTF_DEDUP_TABLE_MOD ((1 << BTF_DEDUP_TABLE_SIZE_LOG) - 1) +#define BTF_UNPROCESSED_ID ((__u32)-1) +#define BTF_IN_PROGRESS_ID ((__u32)-2) + +struct btf_dedup_node { + struct btf_dedup_node *next; + __u32 type_id; +}; + +struct btf_dedup { + /* .BTF section to be deduped in-place */ + struct btf *btf; + /* + * Optional .BTF.ext section. When provided, any strings referenced + * from it will be taken into account when deduping strings + */ + struct btf_ext *btf_ext; + /* + * This is a map from any type's signature hash to a list of possible + * canonical representative type candidates. Hash collisions are + * ignored, so even types of various kinds can share same list of + * candidates, which is fine because we rely on subsequent + * btf_xxx_equal() checks to authoritatively verify type equality. + */ + struct btf_dedup_node **dedup_table; + /* Canonical types map */ + __u32 *map; + /* Hypothetical mapping, used during type graph equivalence checks */ + __u32 *hypot_map; + __u32 *hypot_list; + size_t hypot_cnt; + size_t hypot_cap; + /* Various option modifying behavior of algorithm */ + struct btf_dedup_opts opts; +}; + +struct btf_str_ptr { + const char *str; + __u32 new_off; + bool used; +}; + +struct btf_str_ptrs { + struct btf_str_ptr *ptrs; + const char *data; + __u32 cnt; + __u32 cap; +}; + +static inline __u32 hash_combine(__u32 h, __u32 value) +{ +/* 2^31 + 2^29 - 2^25 + 2^22 - 2^19 - 2^16 + 1 */ +#define GOLDEN_RATIO_PRIME 0x9e370001UL + return h * 37 + value * GOLDEN_RATIO_PRIME; +#undef GOLDEN_RATIO_PRIME +} + +#define for_each_hash_node(table, hash, node) \ + for (node = table[hash & BTF_DEDUP_TABLE_MOD]; node; node = node->next) + +static int btf_dedup_table_add(struct btf_dedup *d, __u32 hash, __u32 type_id) +{ + struct btf_dedup_node *node = malloc(sizeof(struct btf_dedup_node)); + + if (!node) + return -ENOMEM; + node->type_id = type_id; + node->next = d->dedup_table[hash & BTF_DEDUP_TABLE_MOD]; + d->dedup_table[hash & BTF_DEDUP_TABLE_MOD] = node; + return 0; +} + +static int btf_dedup_hypot_map_add(struct btf_dedup *d, + __u32 from_id, __u32 to_id) +{ + if (d->hypot_cnt == d->hypot_cap) { + __u32 *new_list; + + d->hypot_cap += max(16, d->hypot_cap / 2); + new_list = realloc(d->hypot_list, sizeof(__u32) * d->hypot_cap); + if (!new_list) + return -ENOMEM; + d->hypot_list = new_list; + } + d->hypot_list[d->hypot_cnt++] = from_id; + d->hypot_map[from_id] = to_id; + return 0; +} + +static void btf_dedup_clear_hypot_map(struct btf_dedup *d) +{ + int i; + + for (i = 0; i < d->hypot_cnt; i++) + d->hypot_map[d->hypot_list[i]] = BTF_UNPROCESSED_ID; + d->hypot_cnt = 0; +} + +static void btf_dedup_table_free(struct btf_dedup *d) +{ + struct btf_dedup_node *head, *tmp; + int i; + + if (!d->dedup_table) + return; + + for (i = 0; i < (1 << BTF_DEDUP_TABLE_SIZE_LOG); i++) { + while (d->dedup_table[i]) { + tmp = d->dedup_table[i]; + d->dedup_table[i] = tmp->next; + free(tmp); + } + + head = d->dedup_table[i]; + while (head) { + tmp = head; + head = head->next; + free(tmp); + } + } + + free(d->dedup_table); + d->dedup_table = NULL; +} + +static void btf_dedup_free(struct btf_dedup *d) +{ + btf_dedup_table_free(d); + + free(d->map); + d->map = NULL; + + free(d->hypot_map); + d->hypot_map = NULL; + + free(d->hypot_list); + d->hypot_list = NULL; + + free(d); +} + +static struct btf_dedup *btf_dedup_new(struct btf *btf, struct btf_ext *btf_ext, + const struct btf_dedup_opts *opts) +{ + struct btf_dedup *d = calloc(1, sizeof(struct btf_dedup)); + int i, err = 0; + + if (!d) + return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM); + + d->btf = btf; + d->btf_ext = btf_ext; + + d->dedup_table = calloc(1 << BTF_DEDUP_TABLE_SIZE_LOG, + sizeof(struct btf_dedup_node *)); + if (!d->dedup_table) { + err = -ENOMEM; + goto done; + } + + d->map = malloc(sizeof(__u32) * (1 + btf->nr_types)); + if (!d->map) { + err = -ENOMEM; + goto done; + } + /* special BTF "void" type is made canonical immediately */ + d->map[0] = 0; + for (i = 1; i <= btf->nr_types; i++) + d->map[i] = BTF_UNPROCESSED_ID; + + d->hypot_map = malloc(sizeof(__u32) * (1 + btf->nr_types)); + if (!d->hypot_map) { + err = -ENOMEM; + goto done; + } + for (i = 0; i <= btf->nr_types; i++) + d->hypot_map[i] = BTF_UNPROCESSED_ID; + + d->opts.dont_resolve_fwds = opts && opts->dont_resolve_fwds; + +done: + if (err) { + btf_dedup_free(d); + return ERR_PTR(err); + } + + return d; +} + +typedef int (*str_off_fn_t)(__u32 *str_off_ptr, void *ctx); + +/* + * Iterate over all possible places in .BTF and .BTF.ext that can reference + * string and pass pointer to it to a provided callback `fn`. + */ +static int btf_for_each_str_off(struct btf_dedup *d, str_off_fn_t fn, void *ctx) +{ + void *line_data_cur, *line_data_end; + int i, j, r, rec_size; + struct btf_type *t; + + for (i = 1; i <= d->btf->nr_types; i++) { + t = d->btf->types[i]; + r = fn(&t->name_off, ctx); + if (r) + return r; + + switch (BTF_INFO_KIND(t->info)) { + case BTF_KIND_STRUCT: + case BTF_KIND_UNION: { + struct btf_member *m = (struct btf_member *)(t + 1); + __u16 vlen = BTF_INFO_VLEN(t->info); + + for (j = 0; j < vlen; j++) { + r = fn(&m->name_off, ctx); + if (r) + return r; + m++; + } + break; + } + case BTF_KIND_ENUM: { + struct btf_enum *m = (struct btf_enum *)(t + 1); + __u16 vlen = BTF_INFO_VLEN(t->info); + + for (j = 0; j < vlen; j++) { + r = fn(&m->name_off, ctx); + if (r) + return r; + m++; + } + break; + } + case BTF_KIND_FUNC_PROTO: { + struct btf_param *m = (struct btf_param *)(t + 1); + __u16 vlen = BTF_INFO_VLEN(t->info); + + for (j = 0; j < vlen; j++) { + r = fn(&m->name_off, ctx); + if (r) + return r; + m++; + } + break; + } + default: + break; + } + } + + if (!d->btf_ext) + return 0; + + line_data_cur = d->btf_ext->line_info.info; + line_data_end = d->btf_ext->line_info.info + d->btf_ext->line_info.len; + rec_size = d->btf_ext->line_info.rec_size; + + while (line_data_cur < line_data_end) { + struct btf_ext_info_sec *sec = line_data_cur; + struct bpf_line_info_min *line_info; + __u32 num_info = sec->num_info; + + r = fn(&sec->sec_name_off, ctx); + if (r) + return r; + + line_data_cur += sizeof(struct btf_ext_info_sec); + for (i = 0; i < num_info; i++) { + line_info = line_data_cur; + r = fn(&line_info->file_name_off, ctx); + if (r) + return r; + r = fn(&line_info->line_off, ctx); + if (r) + return r; + line_data_cur += rec_size; + } + } + + return 0; +} + +static int str_sort_by_content(const void *a1, const void *a2) +{ + const struct btf_str_ptr *p1 = a1; + const struct btf_str_ptr *p2 = a2; + + return strcmp(p1->str, p2->str); +} + +static int str_sort_by_offset(const void *a1, const void *a2) +{ + const struct btf_str_ptr *p1 = a1; + const struct btf_str_ptr *p2 = a2; + + if (p1->str != p2->str) + return p1->str < p2->str ? -1 : 1; + return 0; +} + +static int btf_dedup_str_ptr_cmp(const void *str_ptr, const void *pelem) +{ + const struct btf_str_ptr *p = pelem; + + if (str_ptr != p->str) + return (const char *)str_ptr < p->str ? -1 : 1; + return 0; +} + +static int btf_str_mark_as_used(__u32 *str_off_ptr, void *ctx) +{ + struct btf_str_ptrs *strs; + struct btf_str_ptr *s; + + if (*str_off_ptr == 0) + return 0; + + strs = ctx; + s = bsearch(strs->data + *str_off_ptr, strs->ptrs, strs->cnt, + sizeof(struct btf_str_ptr), btf_dedup_str_ptr_cmp); + if (!s) + return -EINVAL; + s->used = true; + return 0; +} + +static int btf_str_remap_offset(__u32 *str_off_ptr, void *ctx) +{ + struct btf_str_ptrs *strs; + struct btf_str_ptr *s; + + if (*str_off_ptr == 0) + return 0; + + strs = ctx; + s = bsearch(strs->data + *str_off_ptr, strs->ptrs, strs->cnt, + sizeof(struct btf_str_ptr), btf_dedup_str_ptr_cmp); + if (!s) + return -EINVAL; + *str_off_ptr = s->new_off; + return 0; +} + +/* + * Dedup string and filter out those that are not referenced from either .BTF + * or .BTF.ext (if provided) sections. + * + * This is done by building index of all strings in BTF's string section, + * then iterating over all entities that can reference strings (e.g., type + * names, struct field names, .BTF.ext line info, etc) and marking corresponding + * strings as used. After that all used strings are deduped and compacted into + * sequential blob of memory and new offsets are calculated. Then all the string + * references are iterated again and rewritten using new offsets. + */ +static int btf_dedup_strings(struct btf_dedup *d) +{ + const struct btf_header *hdr = d->btf->hdr; + char *start = (char *)d->btf->nohdr_data + hdr->str_off; + char *end = start + d->btf->hdr->str_len; + char *p = start, *tmp_strs = NULL; + struct btf_str_ptrs strs = { + .cnt = 0, + .cap = 0, + .ptrs = NULL, + .data = start, + }; + int i, j, err = 0, grp_idx; + bool grp_used; + + /* build index of all strings */ + while (p < end) { + if (strs.cnt + 1 > strs.cap) { + struct btf_str_ptr *new_ptrs; + + strs.cap += max(strs.cnt / 2, 16); + new_ptrs = realloc(strs.ptrs, + sizeof(strs.ptrs[0]) * strs.cap); + if (!new_ptrs) { + err = -ENOMEM; + goto done; + } + strs.ptrs = new_ptrs; + } + + strs.ptrs[strs.cnt].str = p; + strs.ptrs[strs.cnt].used = false; + + p += strlen(p) + 1; + strs.cnt++; + } + + /* temporary storage for deduplicated strings */ + tmp_strs = malloc(d->btf->hdr->str_len); + if (!tmp_strs) { + err = -ENOMEM; + goto done; + } + + /* mark all used strings */ + strs.ptrs[0].used = true; + err = btf_for_each_str_off(d, btf_str_mark_as_used, &strs); + if (err) + goto done; + + /* sort strings by context, so that we can identify duplicates */ + qsort(strs.ptrs, strs.cnt, sizeof(strs.ptrs[0]), str_sort_by_content); + + /* + * iterate groups of equal strings and if any instance in a group was + * referenced, emit single instance and remember new offset + */ + p = tmp_strs; + grp_idx = 0; + grp_used = strs.ptrs[0].used; + /* iterate past end to avoid code duplication after loop */ + for (i = 1; i <= strs.cnt; i++) { + /* + * when i == strs.cnt, we want to skip string comparison and go + * straight to handling last group of strings (otherwise we'd + * need to handle last group after the loop w/ duplicated code) + */ + if (i < strs.cnt && + !strcmp(strs.ptrs[i].str, strs.ptrs[grp_idx].str)) { + grp_used = grp_used || strs.ptrs[i].used; + continue; + } + + /* + * this check would have been required after the loop to handle + * last group of strings, but due to <= condition in a loop + * we avoid that duplication + */ + if (grp_used) { + int new_off = p - tmp_strs; + __u32 len = strlen(strs.ptrs[grp_idx].str); + + memmove(p, strs.ptrs[grp_idx].str, len + 1); + for (j = grp_idx; j < i; j++) + strs.ptrs[j].new_off = new_off; + p += len + 1; + } + + if (i < strs.cnt) { + grp_idx = i; + grp_used = strs.ptrs[i].used; + } + } + + /* replace original strings with deduped ones */ + d->btf->hdr->str_len = p - tmp_strs; + memmove(start, tmp_strs, d->btf->hdr->str_len); + end = start + d->btf->hdr->str_len; + + /* restore original order for further binary search lookups */ + qsort(strs.ptrs, strs.cnt, sizeof(strs.ptrs[0]), str_sort_by_offset); + + /* remap string offsets */ + err = btf_for_each_str_off(d, btf_str_remap_offset, &strs); + if (err) + goto done; + + d->btf->hdr->str_len = end - start; + +done: + free(tmp_strs); + free(strs.ptrs); + return err; +} + +static __u32 btf_hash_common(struct btf_type *t) +{ + __u32 h; + + h = hash_combine(0, t->name_off); + h = hash_combine(h, t->info); + h = hash_combine(h, t->size); + return h; +} + +static bool btf_equal_common(struct btf_type *t1, struct btf_type *t2) +{ + return t1->name_off == t2->name_off && + t1->info == t2->info && + t1->size == t2->size; +} + +/* Calculate type signature hash of INT. */ +static __u32 btf_hash_int(struct btf_type *t) +{ + __u32 info = *(__u32 *)(t + 1); + __u32 h; + + h = btf_hash_common(t); + h = hash_combine(h, info); + return h; +} + +/* Check structural equality of two INTs. */ +static bool btf_equal_int(struct btf_type *t1, struct btf_type *t2) +{ + __u32 info1, info2; + + if (!btf_equal_common(t1, t2)) + return false; + info1 = *(__u32 *)(t1 + 1); + info2 = *(__u32 *)(t2 + 1); + return info1 == info2; +} + +/* Calculate type signature hash of ENUM. */ +static __u32 btf_hash_enum(struct btf_type *t) +{ + struct btf_enum *member = (struct btf_enum *)(t + 1); + __u32 vlen = BTF_INFO_VLEN(t->info); + __u32 h = btf_hash_common(t); + int i; + + for (i = 0; i < vlen; i++) { + h = hash_combine(h, member->name_off); + h = hash_combine(h, member->val); + member++; + } + return h; +} + +/* Check structural equality of two ENUMs. */ +static bool btf_equal_enum(struct btf_type *t1, struct btf_type *t2) +{ + struct btf_enum *m1, *m2; + __u16 vlen; + int i; + + if (!btf_equal_common(t1, t2)) + return false; + + vlen = BTF_INFO_VLEN(t1->info); + m1 = (struct btf_enum *)(t1 + 1); + m2 = (struct btf_enum *)(t2 + 1); + for (i = 0; i < vlen; i++) { + if (m1->name_off != m2->name_off || m1->val != m2->val) + return false; + m1++; + m2++; + } + return true; +} + +/* + * Calculate type signature hash of STRUCT/UNION, ignoring referenced type IDs, + * as referenced type IDs equivalence is established separately during type + * graph equivalence check algorithm. + */ +static __u32 btf_hash_struct(struct btf_type *t) +{ + struct btf_member *member = (struct btf_member *)(t + 1); + __u32 vlen = BTF_INFO_VLEN(t->info); + __u32 h = btf_hash_common(t); + int i; + + for (i = 0; i < vlen; i++) { + h = hash_combine(h, member->name_off); + h = hash_combine(h, member->offset); + /* no hashing of referenced type ID, it can be unresolved yet */ + member++; + } + return h; +} + +/* + * Check structural compatibility of two FUNC_PROTOs, ignoring referenced type + * IDs. This check is performed during type graph equivalence check and + * referenced types equivalence is checked separately. + */ +static bool btf_equal_struct(struct btf_type *t1, struct btf_type *t2) +{ + struct btf_member *m1, *m2; + __u16 vlen; + int i; + + if (!btf_equal_common(t1, t2)) + return false; + + vlen = BTF_INFO_VLEN(t1->info); + m1 = (struct btf_member *)(t1 + 1); + m2 = (struct btf_member *)(t2 + 1); + for (i = 0; i < vlen; i++) { + if (m1->name_off != m2->name_off || m1->offset != m2->offset) + return false; + m1++; + m2++; + } + return true; +} + +/* + * Calculate type signature hash of ARRAY, including referenced type IDs, + * under assumption that they were already resolved to canonical type IDs and + * are not going to change. + */ +static __u32 btf_hash_array(struct btf_type *t) +{ + struct btf_array *info = (struct btf_array *)(t + 1); + __u32 h = btf_hash_common(t); + + h = hash_combine(h, info->type); + h = hash_combine(h, info->index_type); + h = hash_combine(h, info->nelems); + return h; +} + +/* + * Check exact equality of two ARRAYs, taking into account referenced + * type IDs, under assumption that they were already resolved to canonical + * type IDs and are not going to change. + * This function is called during reference types deduplication to compare + * ARRAY to potential canonical representative. + */ +static bool btf_equal_array(struct btf_type *t1, struct btf_type *t2) +{ + struct btf_array *info1, *info2; + + if (!btf_equal_common(t1, t2)) + return false; + + info1 = (struct btf_array *)(t1 + 1); + info2 = (struct btf_array *)(t2 + 1); + return info1->type == info2->type && + info1->index_type == info2->index_type && + info1->nelems == info2->nelems; +} + +/* + * Check structural compatibility of two ARRAYs, ignoring referenced type + * IDs. This check is performed during type graph equivalence check and + * referenced types equivalence is checked separately. + */ +static bool btf_compat_array(struct btf_type *t1, struct btf_type *t2) +{ + struct btf_array *info1, *info2; + + if (!btf_equal_common(t1, t2)) + return false; + + info1 = (struct btf_array *)(t1 + 1); + info2 = (struct btf_array *)(t2 + 1); + return info1->nelems == info2->nelems; +} + +/* + * Calculate type signature hash of FUNC_PROTO, including referenced type IDs, + * under assumption that they were already resolved to canonical type IDs and + * are not going to change. + */ +static inline __u32 btf_hash_fnproto(struct btf_type *t) +{ + struct btf_param *member = (struct btf_param *)(t + 1); + __u16 vlen = BTF_INFO_VLEN(t->info); + __u32 h = btf_hash_common(t); + int i; + + for (i = 0; i < vlen; i++) { + h = hash_combine(h, member->name_off); + h = hash_combine(h, member->type); + member++; + } + return h; +} + +/* + * Check exact equality of two FUNC_PROTOs, taking into account referenced + * type IDs, under assumption that they were already resolved to canonical + * type IDs and are not going to change. + * This function is called during reference types deduplication to compare + * FUNC_PROTO to potential canonical representative. + */ +static inline bool btf_equal_fnproto(struct btf_type *t1, struct btf_type *t2) +{ + struct btf_param *m1, *m2; + __u16 vlen; + int i; + + if (!btf_equal_common(t1, t2)) + return false; + + vlen = BTF_INFO_VLEN(t1->info); + m1 = (struct btf_param *)(t1 + 1); + m2 = (struct btf_param *)(t2 + 1); + for (i = 0; i < vlen; i++) { + if (m1->name_off != m2->name_off || m1->type != m2->type) + return false; + m1++; + m2++; + } + return true; +} + +/* + * Check structural compatibility of two FUNC_PROTOs, ignoring referenced type + * IDs. This check is performed during type graph equivalence check and + * referenced types equivalence is checked separately. + */ +static inline bool btf_compat_fnproto(struct btf_type *t1, struct btf_type *t2) +{ + struct btf_param *m1, *m2; + __u16 vlen; + int i; + + /* skip return type ID */ + if (t1->name_off != t2->name_off || t1->info != t2->info) + return false; + + vlen = BTF_INFO_VLEN(t1->info); + m1 = (struct btf_param *)(t1 + 1); + m2 = (struct btf_param *)(t2 + 1); + for (i = 0; i < vlen; i++) { + if (m1->name_off != m2->name_off) + return false; + m1++; + m2++; + } + return true; +} + +/* + * Deduplicate primitive types, that can't reference other types, by calculating + * their type signature hash and comparing them with any possible canonical + * candidate. If no canonical candidate matches, type itself is marked as + * canonical and is added into `btf_dedup->dedup_table` as another candidate. + */ +static int btf_dedup_prim_type(struct btf_dedup *d, __u32 type_id) +{ + struct btf_type *t = d->btf->types[type_id]; + struct btf_type *cand; + struct btf_dedup_node *cand_node; + /* if we don't find equivalent type, then we are canonical */ + __u32 new_id = type_id; + __u32 h; + + switch (BTF_INFO_KIND(t->info)) { + case BTF_KIND_CONST: + case BTF_KIND_VOLATILE: + case BTF_KIND_RESTRICT: + case BTF_KIND_PTR: + case BTF_KIND_TYPEDEF: + case BTF_KIND_ARRAY: + case BTF_KIND_STRUCT: + case BTF_KIND_UNION: + case BTF_KIND_FUNC: + case BTF_KIND_FUNC_PROTO: + return 0; + + case BTF_KIND_INT: + h = btf_hash_int(t); + for_each_hash_node(d->dedup_table, h, cand_node) { + cand = d->btf->types[cand_node->type_id]; + if (btf_equal_int(t, cand)) { + new_id = cand_node->type_id; + break; + } + } + break; + + case BTF_KIND_ENUM: + h = btf_hash_enum(t); + for_each_hash_node(d->dedup_table, h, cand_node) { + cand = d->btf->types[cand_node->type_id]; + if (btf_equal_enum(t, cand)) { + new_id = cand_node->type_id; + break; + } + } + break; + + case BTF_KIND_FWD: + h = btf_hash_common(t); + for_each_hash_node(d->dedup_table, h, cand_node) { + cand = d->btf->types[cand_node->type_id]; + if (btf_equal_common(t, cand)) { + new_id = cand_node->type_id; + break; + } + } + break; + + default: + return -EINVAL; + } + + d->map[type_id] = new_id; + if (type_id == new_id && btf_dedup_table_add(d, h, type_id)) + return -ENOMEM; + + return 0; +} + +static int btf_dedup_prim_types(struct btf_dedup *d) +{ + int i, err; + + for (i = 1; i <= d->btf->nr_types; i++) { + err = btf_dedup_prim_type(d, i); + if (err) + return err; + } + return 0; +} + +/* + * Check whether type is already mapped into canonical one (could be to itself). + */ +static inline bool is_type_mapped(struct btf_dedup *d, uint32_t type_id) +{ + return d->map[type_id] <= BTF_MAX_TYPE; +} + +/* + * Resolve type ID into its canonical type ID, if any; otherwise return original + * type ID. If type is FWD and is resolved into STRUCT/UNION already, follow + * STRUCT/UNION link and resolve it into canonical type ID as well. + */ +static inline __u32 resolve_type_id(struct btf_dedup *d, __u32 type_id) +{ + while (is_type_mapped(d, type_id) && d->map[type_id] != type_id) + type_id = d->map[type_id]; + return type_id; +} + +/* + * Resolve FWD to underlying STRUCT/UNION, if any; otherwise return original + * type ID. + */ +static uint32_t resolve_fwd_id(struct btf_dedup *d, uint32_t type_id) +{ + __u32 orig_type_id = type_id; + + if (BTF_INFO_KIND(d->btf->types[type_id]->info) != BTF_KIND_FWD) + return type_id; + + while (is_type_mapped(d, type_id) && d->map[type_id] != type_id) + type_id = d->map[type_id]; + + if (BTF_INFO_KIND(d->btf->types[type_id]->info) != BTF_KIND_FWD) + return type_id; + + return orig_type_id; +} + + +static inline __u16 btf_fwd_kind(struct btf_type *t) +{ + return BTF_INFO_KFLAG(t->info) ? BTF_KIND_UNION : BTF_KIND_STRUCT; +} + +/* + * Check equivalence of BTF type graph formed by candidate struct/union (we'll + * call it "candidate graph" in this description for brevity) to a type graph + * formed by (potential) canonical struct/union ("canonical graph" for brevity + * here, though keep in mind that not all types in canonical graph are + * necessarily canonical representatives themselves, some of them might be + * duplicates or its uniqueness might not have been established yet). + * Returns: + * - >0, if type graphs are equivalent; + * - 0, if not equivalent; + * - <0, on error. + * + * Algorithm performs side-by-side DFS traversal of both type graphs and checks + * equivalence of BTF types at each step. If at any point BTF types in candidate + * and canonical graphs are not compatible structurally, whole graphs are + * incompatible. If types are structurally equivalent (i.e., all information + * except referenced type IDs is exactly the same), a mapping from `canon_id` to + * a `cand_id` is recored in hypothetical mapping (`btf_dedup->hypot_map`). + * If a type references other types, then those referenced types are checked + * for equivalence recursively. + * + * During DFS traversal, if we find that for current `canon_id` type we + * already have some mapping in hypothetical map, we check for two possible + * situations: + * - `canon_id` is mapped to exactly the same type as `cand_id`. This will + * happen when type graphs have cycles. In this case we assume those two + * types are equivalent. + * - `canon_id` is mapped to different type. This is contradiction in our + * hypothetical mapping, because same graph in canonical graph corresponds + * to two different types in candidate graph, which for equivalent type + * graphs shouldn't happen. This condition terminates equivalence check + * with negative result. + * + * If type graphs traversal exhausts types to check and find no contradiction, + * then type graphs are equivalent. + * + * When checking types for equivalence, there is one special case: FWD types. + * If FWD type resolution is allowed and one of the types (either from canonical + * or candidate graph) is FWD and other is STRUCT/UNION (depending on FWD's kind + * flag) and their names match, hypothetical mapping is updated to point from + * FWD to STRUCT/UNION. If graphs will be determined as equivalent successfully, + * this mapping will be used to record FWD -> STRUCT/UNION mapping permanently. + * + * Technically, this could lead to incorrect FWD to STRUCT/UNION resolution, + * if there are two exactly named (or anonymous) structs/unions that are + * compatible structurally, one of which has FWD field, while other is concrete + * STRUCT/UNION, but according to C sources they are different structs/unions + * that are referencing different types with the same name. This is extremely + * unlikely to happen, but btf_dedup API allows to disable FWD resolution if + * this logic is causing problems. + * + * Doing FWD resolution means that both candidate and/or canonical graphs can + * consists of portions of the graph that come from multip |