staging: ramster: local compression + tmem

RAMster implements peer-to-peer transcendent memory, allowing a "cluster"
of kernels to dynamically pool their RAM.

This patch copies files from drivers/staging/zcache.  RAMster compresses
pages locally before transmitting them to another node, so we can
leverage the zcache and tmem code directly.  Note: there are
no ramster-specific changes yet to these files.

(Why copy?  The ramster tmem.c/tmem.h changes are definitely shareable
between zcache and ramster; the eventual destination for tmem.c
is the linux lib directory.  Ramster changes to zcache are more substantial
and zcache is currently undergoing some significant unrelated changes
(including a new allocator and breaking zcache-main.c into smaller files),
so it seemed best to branch temporarily and merge later.)

Signed-off-by: Dan Magenheimer <dan.magenheimer@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

5 files changed, 2980 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/drivers/staging/ramster/Kconfig b/drivers/staging/ramster/Kconfig
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..7fabcb2bc80d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/drivers/staging/ramster/Kconfig
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+config ZCACHE
+	tristate "Dynamic compression of swap pages and clean pagecache pages"
+	depends on CLEANCACHE || FRONTSWAP
+	select XVMALLOC
+	select LZO_COMPRESS
+	select LZO_DECOMPRESS
+	default n
+	help
+	  Zcache doubles RAM efficiency while providing a significant
+	  performance boosts on many workloads.  Zcache uses lzo1x
+	  compression and an in-kernel implementation of transcendent
+	  memory to store clean page cache pages and swap in RAM,
+	  providing a noticeable reduction in disk I/O.
diff --git a/drivers/staging/ramster/Makefile b/drivers/staging/ramster/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..60daa272c204
--- /dev/null
+++ b/drivers/staging/ramster/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+zcache-y	:=	zcache-main.o tmem.o
+
+obj-$(CONFIG_ZCACHE)	+=	zcache.o
diff --git a/drivers/staging/ramster/tmem.c b/drivers/staging/ramster/tmem.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..1ca66ea9b281
--- /dev/null
+++ b/drivers/staging/ramster/tmem.c
@@ -0,0 +1,770 @@
+/*
+ * In-kernel transcendent memory (generic implementation)
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2009-2011, Dan Magenheimer, Oracle Corp.
+ *
+ * The primary purpose of Transcedent Memory ("tmem") is to map object-oriented
+ * "handles" (triples containing a pool id, and object id, and an index), to
+ * pages in a page-accessible memory (PAM).  Tmem references the PAM pages via
+ * an abstract "pampd" (PAM page-descriptor), which can be operated on by a
+ * set of functions (pamops).  Each pampd contains some representation of
+ * PAGE_SIZE bytes worth of data. Tmem must support potentially millions of
+ * pages and must be able to insert, find, and delete these pages at a
+ * potential frequency of thousands per second concurrently across many CPUs,
+ * (and, if used with KVM, across many vcpus across many guests).
+ * Tmem is tracked with a hierarchy of data structures, organized by
+ * the elements in a handle-tuple: pool_id, object_id, and page index.
+ * One or more "clients" (e.g. guests) each provide one or more tmem_pools.
+ * Each pool, contains a hash table of rb_trees of tmem_objs.  Each
+ * tmem_obj contains a radix-tree-like tree of pointers, with intermediate
+ * nodes called tmem_objnodes.  Each leaf pointer in this tree points to
+ * a pampd, which is accessible only through a small set of callbacks
+ * registered by the PAM implementation (see tmem_register_pamops). Tmem
+ * does all memory allocation via a set of callbacks registered by the tmem
+ * host implementation (e.g. see tmem_register_hostops).
+ */
+
+#include <linux/list.h>
+#include <linux/spinlock.h>
+#include <linux/atomic.h>
+
+#include "tmem.h"
+
+/* data structure sentinels used for debugging... see tmem.h */
+#define POOL_SENTINEL 0x87658765
+#define OBJ_SENTINEL 0x12345678
+#define OBJNODE_SENTINEL 0xfedcba09
+
+/*
+ * A tmem host implementation must use this function to register callbacks
+ * for memory allocation.
+ */
+static struct tmem_hostops tmem_hostops;
+
+static void tmem_objnode_tree_init(void);
+
+void tmem_register_hostops(struct tmem_hostops *m)
+{
+	tmem_objnode_tree_init();
+	tmem_hostops = *m;
+}
+
+/*
+ * A tmem host implementation must use this function to register
+ * callbacks for a page-accessible memory (PAM) implementation
+ */
+static struct tmem_pamops tmem_pamops;
+
+void tmem_register_pamops(struct tmem_pamops *m)
+{
+	tmem_pamops = *m;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Oid's are potentially very sparse and tmem_objs may have an indeterminately
+ * short life, being added and deleted at a relatively high frequency.
+ * So an rb_tree is an ideal data structure to manage tmem_objs.  But because
+ * of the potentially huge number of tmem_objs, each pool manages a hashtable
+ * of rb_trees to reduce search, insert, delete, and rebalancing time.
+ * Each hashbucket also has a lock to manage concurrent access.
+ *
+ * The following routines manage tmem_objs.  When any tmem_obj is accessed,
+ * the hashbucket lock must be held.
+ */
+
+/* searches for object==oid in pool, returns locked object if found */
+static struct tmem_obj *tmem_obj_find(struct tmem_hashbucket *hb,
+					struct tmem_oid *oidp)
+{
+	struct rb_node *rbnode;
+	struct tmem_obj *obj;
+
+	rbnode = hb->obj_rb_root.rb_node;
+	while (rbnode) {
+		BUG_ON(RB_EMPTY_NODE(rbnode));
+		obj = rb_entry(rbnode, struct tmem_obj, rb_tree_node);
+		switch (tmem_oid_compare(oidp, &obj->oid)) {
+		case 0: /* equal */
+			goto out;
+		case -1:
+			rbnode = rbnode->rb_left;
+			break;
+		case 1:
+			rbnode = rbnode->rb_right;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	obj = NULL;
+out:
+	return obj;
+}
+
+static void tmem_pampd_destroy_all_in_obj(struct tmem_obj *);
+
+/* free an object that has no more pampds in it */
+static void tmem_obj_free(struct tmem_obj *obj, struct tmem_hashbucket *hb)
+{
+	struct tmem_pool *pool;
+
+	BUG_ON(obj == NULL);
+	ASSERT_SENTINEL(obj, OBJ);
+	BUG_ON(obj->pampd_count > 0);
+	pool = obj->pool;
+	BUG_ON(pool == NULL);
+	if (obj->objnode_tree_root != NULL) /* may be "stump" with no leaves */
+		tmem_pampd_destroy_all_in_obj(obj);
+	BUG_ON(obj->objnode_tree_root != NULL);
+	BUG_ON((long)obj->objnode_count != 0);
+	atomic_dec(&pool->obj_count);
+	BUG_ON(atomic_read(&pool->obj_count) < 0);
+	INVERT_SENTINEL(obj, OBJ);
+	obj->pool = NULL;
+	tmem_oid_set_invalid(&obj->oid);
+	rb_erase(&obj->rb_tree_node, &hb->obj_rb_root);
+}
+
+/*
+ * initialize, and insert an tmem_object_root (called only if find failed)
+ */
+static void tmem_obj_init(struct tmem_obj *obj, struct tmem_hashbucket *hb,
+					struct tmem_pool *pool,
+					struct tmem_oid *oidp)
+{
+	struct rb_root *root = &hb->obj_rb_root;
+	struct rb_node **new = &(root->rb_node), *parent = NULL;
+	struct tmem_obj *this;
+
+	BUG_ON(pool == NULL);
+	atomic_inc(&pool->obj_count);
+	obj->objnode_tree_height = 0;
+	obj->objnode_tree_root = NULL;
+	obj->pool = pool;
+	obj->oid = *oidp;
+	obj->objnode_count = 0;
+	obj->pampd_count = 0;
+	(*tmem_pamops.new_obj)(obj);
+	SET_SENTINEL(obj, OBJ);
+	while (*new) {
+		BUG_ON(RB_EMPTY_NODE(*new));
+		this = rb_entry(*new, struct tmem_obj, rb_tree_node);
+		parent = *new;
+		switch (tmem_oid_compare(oidp, &this->oid)) {
+		case 0:
+			BUG(); /* already present; should never happen! */
+			break;
+		case -1:
+			new = &(*new)->rb_left;
+			break;
+		case 1:
+			new = &(*new)->rb_right;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	rb_link_node(&obj->rb_tree_node, parent, new);
+	rb_insert_color(&obj->rb_tree_node, root);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Tmem is managed as a set of tmem_pools with certain attributes, such as
+ * "ephemeral" vs "persistent".  These attributes apply to all tmem_objs
+ * and all pampds that belong to a tmem_pool.  A tmem_pool is created
+ * or deleted relatively rarely (for example, when a filesystem is
+ * mounted or unmounted.
+ */
+
+/* flush all data from a pool and, optionally, free it */
+static void tmem_pool_flush(struct tmem_pool *pool, bool destroy)
+{
+	struct rb_node *rbnode;
+	struct tmem_obj *obj;
+	struct tmem_hashbucket *hb = &pool->hashbucket[0];
+	int i;
+
+	BUG_ON(pool == NULL);
+	for (i = 0; i < TMEM_HASH_BUCKETS; i++, hb++) {
+		spin_lock(&hb->lock);
+		rbnode = rb_first(&hb->obj_rb_root);
+		while (rbnode != NULL) {
+			obj = rb_entry(rbnode, struct tmem_obj, rb_tree_node);
+			rbnode = rb_next(rbnode);
+			tmem_pampd_destroy_all_in_obj(obj);
+			tmem_obj_free(obj, hb);
+			(*tmem_hostops.obj_free)(obj, pool);
+		}
+		spin_unlock(&hb->lock);
+	}
+	if (destroy)
+		list_del(&pool->pool_list);
+}
+
+/*
+ * A tmem_obj contains a radix-tree-like tree in which the intermediate
+ * nodes are called tmem_objnodes.  (The kernel lib/radix-tree.c implementation
+ * is very specialized and tuned for specific uses and is not particularly
+ * suited for use from this code, though some code from the core algorithms has
+ * been reused, thus the copyright notices below).  Each tmem_objnode contains
+ * a set of pointers which point to either a set of intermediate tmem_objnodes
+ * or a set of of pampds.
+ *
+ * Portions Copyright (C) 2001 Momchil Velikov
+ * Portions Copyright (C) 2001 Christoph Hellwig
+ * Portions Copyright (C) 2005 SGI, Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
+ */
+
+struct tmem_objnode_tree_path {
+	struct tmem_objnode *objnode;
+	int offset;
+};
+
+/* objnode height_to_maxindex translation */
+static unsigned long tmem_objnode_tree_h2max[OBJNODE_TREE_MAX_PATH + 1];
+
+static void tmem_objnode_tree_init(void)
+{
+	unsigned int ht, tmp;
+
+	for (ht = 0; ht < ARRAY_SIZE(tmem_objnode_tree_h2max); ht++) {
+		tmp = ht * OBJNODE_TREE_MAP_SHIFT;
+		if (tmp >= OBJNODE_TREE_INDEX_BITS)
+			tmem_objnode_tree_h2max[ht] = ~0UL;
+		else
+			tmem_objnode_tree_h2max[ht] =
+			    (~0UL >> (OBJNODE_TREE_INDEX_BITS - tmp - 1)) >> 1;
+	}
+}
+
+static struct tmem_objnode *tmem_objnode_alloc(struct tmem_obj *obj)
+{
+	struct tmem_objnode *objnode;
+
+	ASSERT_SENTINEL(obj, OBJ);
+	BUG_ON(obj->pool == NULL);
+	ASSERT_SENTINEL(obj->pool, POOL);
+	objnode = (*tmem_hostops.objnode_alloc)(obj->pool);
+	if (unlikely(objnode == NULL))
+		goto out;
+	objnode->obj = obj;
+	SET_SENTINEL(objnode, OBJNODE);
+	memset(&objnode->slots, 0, sizeof(objnode->slots));
+	objnode->slots_in_use = 0;
+	obj->objnode_count++;
+out:
+	return objnode;
+}
+
+static void tmem_objnode_free(struct tmem_objnode *objnode)
+{
+	struct tmem_pool *pool;
+	int i;
+
+	BUG_ON(objnode == NULL);
+	for (i = 0; i < OBJNODE_TREE_MAP_SIZE; i++)
+		BUG_ON(objnode->slots[i] != NULL);
+	ASSERT_SENTINEL(objnode, OBJNODE);
+	INVERT_SENTINEL(objnode, OBJNODE);
+	BUG_ON(objnode->obj == NULL);
+	ASSERT_SENTINEL(objnode->obj, OBJ);
+	pool = objnode->obj->pool;
+	BUG_ON(pool == NULL);
+	ASSERT_SENTINEL(pool, POOL);
+	objnode->obj->objnode_count--;
+	objnode->obj = NULL;
+	(*tmem_hostops.objnode_free)(objnode, pool);
+}
+
+/*
+ * lookup index in object and return associated pampd (or NULL if not found)
+ */
+static void **__tmem_pampd_lookup_in_obj(struct tmem_obj *obj, uint32_t index)
+{
+	unsigned int height, shift;
+	struct tmem_objnode **slot = NULL;
+
+	BUG_ON(obj == NULL);
+	ASSERT_SENTINEL(obj, OBJ);
+	BUG_ON(obj->pool == NULL);
+	ASSERT_SENTINEL(obj->pool, POOL);
+
+	height = obj->objnode_tree_height;
+	if (index > tmem_objnode_tree_h2max[obj->objnode_tree_height])
+		goto out;
+	if (height == 0 && obj->objnode_tree_root) {
+		slot = &obj->objnode_tree_root;
+		goto out;
+	}
+	shift = (height-1) * OBJNODE_TREE_MAP_SHIFT;
+	slot = &obj->objnode_tree_root;
+	while (height > 0) {
+		if (*slot == NULL)
+			goto out;
+		slot = (struct tmem_objnode **)
+			((*slot)->slots +
+			 ((index >> shift) & OBJNODE_TREE_MAP_MASK));
+		shift -= OBJNODE_TREE_MAP_SHIFT;
+		height--;
+	}
+out:
+	return slot != NULL ? (void **)slot : NULL;
+}
+
+static void *tmem_pampd_lookup_in_obj(struct tmem_obj *obj, uint32_t index)
+{
+	struct tmem_objnode **slot;
+
+	slot = (struct tmem_objnode **)__tmem_pampd_lookup_in_obj(obj, index);
+	return slot != NULL ? *slot : NULL;
+}
+
+static void *tmem_pampd_replace_in_obj(struct tmem_obj *obj, uint32_t index,
+					void *new_pampd)
+{
+	struct tmem_objnode **slot;
+	void *ret = NULL;
+
+	slot = (struct tmem_objnode **)__tmem_pampd_lookup_in_obj(obj, index);
+	if ((slot != NULL) && (*slot != NULL)) {
+		void *old_pampd = *(void **)slot;
+		*(void **)slot = new_pampd;
+		(*tmem_pamops.free)(old_pampd, obj->pool, NULL, 0);
+		ret = new_pampd;
+	}
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int tmem_pampd_add_to_obj(struct tmem_obj *obj, uint32_t index,
+					void *pampd)
+{
+	int ret = 0;
+	struct tmem_objnode *objnode = NULL, *newnode, *slot;
+	unsigned int height, shift;
+	int offset = 0;
+
+	/* if necessary, extend the tree to be higher  */
+	if (index > tmem_objnode_tree_h2max[obj->objnode_tree_height]) {
+		height = obj->objnode_tree_height + 1;
+		if (index > tmem_objnode_tree_h2max[height])
+			while (index > tmem_objnode_tree_h2max[height])
+				height++;
+		if (obj->objnode_tree_root == NULL) {
+			obj->objnode_tree_height = height;
+			goto insert;
+		}
+		do {
+			newnode = tmem_objnode_alloc(obj);
+			if (!newnode) {
+				ret = -ENOMEM;
+				goto out;
+			}
+			newnode->slots[0] = obj->objnode_tree_root;
+			newnode->slots_in_use = 1;
+			obj->objnode_tree_root = newnode;
+			obj->objnode_tree_height++;
+		} while (height > obj->objnode_tree_height);
+	}
+insert:
+	slot = obj->objnode_tree_root;
+	height = obj->objnode_tree_height;
+	shift = (height-1) * OBJNODE_TREE_MAP_SHIFT;
+	while (height > 0) {
+		if (slot == NULL) {
+			/* add a child objnode.  */
+			slot = tmem_objnode_alloc(obj);
+			if (!slot) {
+				ret = -ENOMEM;
+				goto out;
+			}
+			if (objnode) {
+
+				objnode->slots[offset] = slot;
+				objnode->slots_in_use++;
+			} else
+				obj->objnode_tree_root = slot;
+		}
+		/* go down a level */
+		offset = (index >> shift) & OBJNODE_TREE_MAP_MASK;
+		objnode = slot;
+		slot = objnode->slots[offset];
+		shift -= OBJNODE_TREE_MAP_SHIFT;
+		height--;
+	}
+	BUG_ON(slot != NULL);
+	if (objnode) {
+		objnode->slots_in_use++;
+		objnode->slots[offset] = pampd;
+	} else
+		obj->objnode_tree_root = pampd;
+	obj->pampd_count++;
+out:
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static void *tmem_pampd_delete_from_obj(struct tmem_obj *obj, uint32_t index)
+{
+	struct tmem_objnode_tree_path path[OBJNODE_TREE_MAX_PATH + 1];
+	struct tmem_objnode_tree_path *pathp = path;
+	struct tmem_objnode *slot = NULL;
+	unsigned int height, shift;
+	int offset;
+
+	BUG_ON(obj == NULL);
+	ASSERT_SENTINEL(obj, OBJ);
+	BUG_ON(obj->pool == NULL);
+	ASSERT_SENTINEL(obj->pool, POOL);
+	height = obj->objnode_tree_height;
+	if (index > tmem_objnode_tree_h2max[height])
+		goto out;
+	slot = obj->objnode_tree_root;
+	if (height == 0 && obj->objnode_tree_root) {
+		obj->objnode_tree_root = NULL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+	shift = (height - 1) * OBJNODE_TREE_MAP_SHIFT;
+	pathp->objnode = NULL;
+	do {
+		if (slot == NULL)
+			goto out;
+		pathp++;
+		offset = (index >> shift) & OBJNODE_TREE_MAP_MASK;
+		pathp->offset = offset;
+		pathp->objnode = slot;
+		slot = slot->slots[offset];
+		shift -= OBJNODE_TREE_MAP_SHIFT;
+		height--;
+	} while (height > 0);
+	if (slot == NULL)
+		goto out;
+	while (pathp->objnode) {
+		pathp->objnode->slots[pathp->offset] = NULL;
+		pathp->objnode->slots_in_use--;
+		if (pathp->objnode->slots_in_use) {
+			if (pathp->objnode == obj->objnode_tree_root) {
+				while (obj->objnode_tree_height > 0 &&
+				  obj->objnode_tree_root->slots_in_use == 1 &&
+				  obj->objnode_tree_root->slots[0]) {
+					struct tmem_objnode *to_free =
+						obj->objnode_tree_root;
+
+					obj->objnode_tree_root =
+							to_free->slots[0];
+					obj->objnode_tree_height--;
+					to_free->slots[0] = NULL;
+					to_free->slots_in_use = 0;
+					tmem_objnode_free(to_free);
+				}
+			}
+			goto out;
+		}
+		tmem_objnode_free(pathp->objnode); /* 0 slots used, free it */
+		pathp--;
+	}
+	obj->objnode_tree_height = 0;
+	obj->objnode_tree_root = NULL;
+
+out:
+	if (slot != NULL)
+		obj->pampd_count--;
+	BUG_ON(obj->pampd_count < 0);
+	return slot;
+}
+
+/* recursively walk the objnode_tree destroying pampds and objnodes */
+static void tmem_objnode_node_destroy(struct tmem_obj *obj,
+					struct tmem_objnode *objnode,
+					unsigned int ht)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	if (ht == 0)
+		return;
+	for (i = 0; i < OBJNODE_TREE_MAP_SIZE; i++) {
+		if (objnode->slots[i]) {
+			if (ht == 1) {
+				obj->pampd_count--;
+				(*tmem_pamops.free)(objnode->slots[i],
+						obj->pool, NULL, 0);
+				objnode->slots[i] = NULL;
+				continue;
+			}
+			tmem_objnode_node_destroy(obj, objnode->slots[i], ht-1);
+			tmem_objnode_free(objnode->slots[i]);
+			objnode->slots[i] = NULL;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static void tmem_pampd_destroy_all_in_obj(struct tmem_obj *obj)
+{
+	if (obj->objnode_tree_root == NULL)
+		return;
+	if (obj->objnode_tree_height == 0) {
+		obj->pampd_count--;
+		(*tmem_pamops.free)(obj->objnode_tree_root, obj->pool, NULL, 0);
+	} else {
+		tmem_objnode_node_destroy(obj, obj->objnode_tree_root,
+					obj->objnode_tree_height);
+		tmem_objnode_free(obj->objnode_tree_root);
+		obj->objnode_tree_height = 0;
+	}
+	obj->objnode_tree_root = NULL;
+	(*tmem_pamops.free_obj)(obj->pool, obj);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Tmem is operated on by a set of well-defined actions:
+ * "put", "get", "flush", "flush_object", "new pool" and "destroy pool".
+ * (The tmem ABI allows for subpages and exchanges but these operations
+ * are not included in this implementation.)
+ *
+ * These "tmem core" operations are implemented in the following functions.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * "Put" a page, e.g. copy a page from the kernel into newly allocated
+ * PAM space (if such space is available).  Tmem_put is complicated by
+ * a corner case: What if a page with matching handle already exists in
+ * tmem?  To guarantee coherency, one of two actions is necessary: Either
+ * the data for the page must be overwritten, or the page must be
+ * "flushed" so that the data is not accessible to a subsequent "get".
+ * Since these "duplicate puts" are relatively rare, this implementation
+ * always flushes for simplicity.
+ */
+int tmem_put(struct tmem_pool *pool, struct tmem_oid *oidp, uint32_t index,
+		char *data, size_t size, bool raw, bool ephemeral)
+{
+	struct tmem_obj *obj = NULL, *objfound = NULL, *objnew = NULL;
+	void *pampd = NULL, *pampd_del = NULL;
+	int ret = -ENOMEM;
+	struct tmem_hashbucket *hb;
+
+	hb = &pool->hashbucket[tmem_oid_hash(oidp)];
+	spin_lock(&hb->lock);
+	obj = objfound = tmem_obj_find(hb, oidp);
+	if (obj != NULL) {
+		pampd = tmem_pampd_lookup_in_obj(objfound, index);
+		if (pampd != NULL) {
+			/* if found, is a dup put, flush the old one */
+			pampd_del = tmem_pampd_delete_from_obj(obj, index);
+			BUG_ON(pampd_del != pampd);
+			(*tmem_pamops.free)(pampd, pool, oidp, index);
+			if (obj->pampd_count == 0) {
+				objnew = obj;
+				objfound = NULL;
+			}
+			pampd = NULL;
+		}
+	} else {
+		obj = objnew = (*tmem_hostops.obj_alloc)(pool);
+		if (unlikely(obj == NULL)) {
+			ret = -ENOMEM;
+			goto out;
+		}
+		tmem_obj_init(obj, hb, pool, oidp);
+	}
+	BUG_ON(obj == NULL);
+	BUG_ON(((objnew != obj) && (objfound != obj)) || (objnew == objfound));
+	pampd = (*tmem_pamops.create)(data, size, raw, ephemeral,
+					obj->pool, &obj->oid, index);
+	if (unlikely(pampd == NULL))
+		goto free;
+	ret = tmem_pampd_add_to_obj(obj, index, pampd);
+	if (unlikely(ret == -ENOMEM))
+		/* may have partially built objnode tree ("stump") */
+		goto delete_and_free;
+	goto out;
+
+delete_and_free:
+	(void)tmem_pampd_delete_from_obj(obj, index);
+free:
+	if (pampd)
+		(*tmem_pamops.free)(pampd, pool, NULL, 0);
+	if (objnew) {
+		tmem_obj_free(objnew, hb);
+		(*tmem_hostops.obj_free)(objnew, pool);
+	}
+out:
+	spin_unlock(&hb->lock);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * "Get" a page, e.g. if one can be found, copy the tmem page with the
+ * matching handle from PAM space to the kernel.  By tmem definition,
+ * when a "get" is successful on an ephemeral page, the page is "flushed",
+ * and when a "get" is successful on a persistent page, the page is retained
+ * in tmem.  Note that to preserve
+ * coherency, "get" can never be skipped if tmem contains the data.
+ * That is, if a get is done with a certain handle and fails, any
+ * subsequent "get" must also fail (unless of course there is a
+ * "put" done with the same handle).
+
+ */
+int tmem_get(struct tmem_pool *pool, struct tmem_oid *oidp, uint32_t index,
+		char *data, size_t *size, bool raw, int get_and_free)
+{
+	struct tmem_obj *obj;
+	void *pampd;
+	bool ephemeral = is_ephemeral(pool);
+	int ret = -1;
+	struct tmem_hashbucket *hb;
+	bool free = (get_and_free == 1) || ((get_and_free == 0) && ephemeral);
+	bool lock_held = false;
+
+	hb = &pool->hashbucket[tmem_oid_hash(oidp)];
+	spin_lock(&hb->lock);
+	lock_held = true;
+	obj = tmem_obj_find(hb, oidp);
+	if (obj == NULL)
+		goto out;
+	if (free)
+		pampd = tmem_pampd_delete_from_obj(obj, index);
+	else
+		pampd = tmem_pampd_lookup_in_obj(obj, index);
+	if (pampd == NULL)
+		goto out;
+	if (free) {
+		if (obj->pampd_count == 0) {
+			tmem_obj_free(obj, hb);
+			(*tmem_hostops.obj_free)(obj, pool);
+			obj = NULL;
+		}
+	}
+	if (tmem_pamops.is_remote(pampd)) {
+		lock_held = false;
+		spin_unlock(&hb->lock);
+	}
+	if (free)
+		ret = (*tmem_pamops.get_data_and_free)(
+				data, size, raw, pampd, pool, oidp, index);
+	else
+		ret = (*tmem_pamops.get_data)(
+				data, size, raw, pampd, pool, oidp, index);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		goto out;
+	ret = 0;
+out:
+	if (lock_held)
+		spin_unlock(&hb->lock);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * If a page in tmem matches the handle, "flush" this page from tmem such
+ * that any subsequent "get" does not succeed (unless, of course, there
+ * was another "put" with the same handle).
+ */
+int tmem_flush_page(struct tmem_pool *pool,
+				struct tmem_oid *oidp, uint32_t index)
+{
+	struct tmem_obj *obj;
+	void *pampd;
+	int ret = -1;
+	struct tmem_hashbucket *hb;
+
+	hb = &pool->hashbucket[tmem_oid_hash(oidp)];
+	spin_lock(&hb->lock);
+	obj = tmem_obj_find(hb, oidp);
+	if (obj == NULL)
+		goto out;
+	pampd = tmem_pampd_delete_from_obj(obj, index);
+	if (pampd == NULL)
+		goto out;
+	(*tmem_pamops.free)(pampd, pool, oidp, index);
+	if (obj->pampd_count == 0) {
+		tmem_obj_free(obj, hb);
+		(*tmem_hostops.obj_free)(obj, pool);
+	}
+	ret = 0;
+
+out:
+	spin_unlock(&hb->lock);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * If a page in tmem matches the handle, replace the page so that any
+ * subsequent "get" gets the new page.  Returns 0 if
+ * there was a page to replace, else returns -1.
+ */
+int tmem_replace(struct tmem_pool *pool, struct tmem_oid *oidp,
+			uint32_t index, void *new_pampd)
+{
+	struct tmem_obj *obj;
+	int ret = -1;
+	struct tmem_hashbucket *hb;
+
+	hb = &pool->hashbucket[tmem_oid_hash(oidp)];
+	spin_lock(&hb->lock);
+	obj = tmem_obj_find(hb, oidp);
+	if (obj == NULL)
+		goto out;
+	new_pampd = tmem_pampd_replace_in_obj(obj, index, new_pampd);
+	ret = (*tmem_pamops.replace_in_obj)(new_pampd, obj);
+out:
+	spin_unlock(&hb->lock);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * "Flush" all pages in tmem matching this oid.
+ */
+int tmem_flush_object(struct tmem_pool *pool, struct tmem_oid *oidp)
+{
+	struct tmem_obj *obj;
+	struct tmem_hashbucket *hb;
+	int ret = -1;
+
+	hb = &pool->hashbucket[tmem_oid_hash(oidp)];
+	spin_lock(&hb->lock);
+	obj = tmem_obj_find(hb, oidp);
+	if (obj == NULL)
+		goto out;
+	tmem_pampd_destroy_all_in_obj(obj);
+	tmem_obj_free(obj, hb);
+	(*tmem_hostops.obj_free)(obj, pool);
+	ret = 0;
+
+out:
+	spin_unlock(&hb->lock);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * "Flush" all pages (and tmem_objs) from this tmem_pool and disable
+ * all subsequent access to this tmem_pool.
+ */
+int tmem_destroy_pool(struct tmem_pool *pool)
+{
+	int ret = -1;
+
+	if (pool == NULL)
+		goto out;
+	tmem_pool_flush(pool, 1);
+	ret = 0;
+out:
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static LIST_HEAD(tmem_global_pool_list);
+
+/*
+ * Create a new tmem_pool with the provided flag and return
+ * a pool id provided by the tmem host implementation.
+ */
+void tmem_new_pool(struct tmem_pool *pool, uint32_t flags)
+{
+	int persistent = flags & TMEM_POOL_PERSIST;
+	int shared = flags & TMEM_POOL_SHARED;
+	struct tmem_hashbucket *hb = &pool->hashbucket[0];
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < TMEM_HASH_BUCKETS; i++, hb++) {
+		hb->obj_rb_root = RB_ROOT;
+		spin_lock_init(&hb->lock);
+	}
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&pool->pool_list);
+	atomic_set(&pool->obj_count, 0);
+	SET_SENTINEL(pool, POOL);
+	list_add_tail(&pool->pool_list, &tmem_global_pool_list);
+	pool->persistent = persistent;
+	pool->shared = shared;
+}
diff --git a/drivers/staging/ramster/tmem.h b/drivers/staging/ramster/tmem.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..ed147c4b110d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/drivers/staging/ramster/tmem.h
@@ -0,0 +1,206 @@
+/*
+ * tmem.h
+ *
+ * Transcendent memory
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2009-2011, Dan Magenheimer, Oracle Corp.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _TMEM_H_
+#define _TMEM_H_
+
+#include <linux/types.h>
+#include <linux/highmem.h>
+#include <linux/hash.h>
+#include <linux/atomic.h>
+
+/*
+ * These are pre-defined by the Xen<->Linux ABI
+ */
+#define TMEM_PUT_PAGE			4
+#define TMEM_GET_PAGE			5
+#define TMEM_FLUSH_PAGE			6
+#define TMEM_FLUSH_OBJECT		7
+#define TMEM_POOL_PERSIST		1
+#define TMEM_POOL_SHARED		2
+#define TMEM_POOL_PRECOMPRESSED		4
+#define TMEM_POOL_PAGESIZE_SHIFT	4
+#define TMEM_POOL_PAGESIZE_MASK		0xf
+#define TMEM_POOL_RESERVED_BITS		0x00ffff00
+
+/*
+ * sentinels have proven very useful for debugging but can be removed
+ * or disabled before final merge.
+ */
+#define SENTINELS
+#ifdef SENTINELS
+#define DECL_SENTINEL uint32_t sentinel;
+#define SET_SENTINEL(_x, _y) (_x->sentinel = _y##_SENTINEL)
+#define INVERT_SENTINEL(_x, _y) (_x->sentinel = ~_y##_SENTINEL)
+#define ASSERT_SENTINEL(_x, _y) WARN_ON(_x->sentinel != _y##_SENTINEL)
+#define ASSERT_INVERTED_SENTINEL(_x, _y) WARN_ON(_x->sentinel != ~_y##_SENTINEL)
+#else
+#define DECL_SENTINEL
+#define SET_SENTINEL(_x, _y) do { } while (0)
+#define INVERT_SENTINEL(_x, _y) do { } while (0)
+#define ASSERT_SENTINEL(_x, _y) do { } while (0)
+#define ASSERT_INVERTED_SENTINEL(_x, _y) do { } while (0)
+#endif
+
+#define ASSERT_SPINLOCK(_l)	WARN_ON(!spin_is_locked(_l))
+
+/*
+ * A pool is the highest-level data structure managed by tmem and
+ * usually corresponds to a large independent set of pages such as
+ * a filesystem.  Each pool has an id, and certain attributes and counters.
+ * It also contains a set of hash buckets, each of which contains an rbtree
+ * of objects and a lock to manage concurrency within the pool.
+ */
+
+#define TMEM_HASH_BUCKET_BITS	8
+#define TMEM_HASH_BUCKETS	(1<<TMEM_HASH_BUCKET_BITS)
+
+struct tmem_hashbucket {
+	struct rb_root obj_rb_root;
+	spinlock_t lock;
+};
+
+struct tmem_pool {
+	void *client; /* "up" for some clients, avoids table lookup */
+	struct list_head pool_list;
+	uint32_t pool_id;
+	bool persistent;
+	bool shared;
+	atomic_t obj_count;
+	atomic_t refcount;
+	struct tmem_hashbucket hashbucket[TMEM_HASH_BUCKETS];
+	DECL_SENTINEL
+};
+
+#define is_persistent(_p)  (_p->persistent)
+#define is_ephemeral(_p)   (!(_p->persistent))
+
+/*
+ * An object id ("oid") is large: 192-bits (to ensure, for example, files
+ * in a modern filesystem can be uniquely identified).
+ */
+
+struct tmem_oid {
+	uint64_t oid[3];
+};
+
+static inline void tmem_oid_set_invalid(struct tmem_oid *oidp)
+{
+	oidp->oid[0] = oidp->oid[1] = oidp->oid[2] = -1UL;
+}
+
+static inline bool tmem_oid_valid(struct tmem_oid *oidp)
+{
+	return oidp->oid[0] != -1UL || oidp->oid[1] != -1UL ||
+		oidp->oid[2] != -1UL;
+}
+
+static inline int tmem_oid_compare(struct tmem_oid *left,
+					struct tmem_oid *right)
+{
+	int ret;
+
+	if (left->oid[2] == right->oid[2]) {
+		if (left->oid[1] == right->oid[1]) {
+			if (left->oid[0] == right->oid[0])
+				ret = 0;
+			else if (left->oid[0] < right->oid[0])
+				ret = -1;
+			else
+				return 1;
+		} else if (left->oid[1] < right->oid[1])
+			ret = -1;
+		else
+			ret = 1;
+	} else if (left->oid[2] < right->oid[2])
+		ret = -1;
+	else
+		ret = 1;
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static inline unsigned tmem_oid_hash(struct tmem_oid *oidp)
+{
+	return hash_long(oidp->oid[0] ^ oidp->oid[1] ^ oidp->oid[2],
+				TMEM_HASH_BUCKET_BITS);
+}
+
+/*
+ * A tmem_obj contains an identifier (oid), pointers to the parent
+ * pool and the rb_tree to which it belongs, counters, and an ordered
+ * set of pampds, structured in a radix-tree-like tree.  The intermediate
+ * nodes of the tree are called tmem_objnodes.
+ */
+
+struct tmem_objnode;
+
+struct tmem_obj {
+	struct tmem_oid oid;
+	struct tmem_pool *pool;
+	struct rb_node rb_tree_node;
+	struct tmem_objnode *objnode_tree_root;
+	unsigned int objnode_tree_height;
+	unsigned long objnode_count;
+	long pampd_count;
+	void *extra; /* for private use by pampd implementation */
+	DECL_SENTINEL
+};
+
+#define OBJNODE_TREE_MAP_SHIFT 6
+#define OBJNODE_TREE_MAP_SIZE (1UL << OBJNODE_TREE_MAP_SHIFT)
+#define OBJNODE_TREE_MAP_MASK (OBJNODE_TREE_MAP_SIZE-1)
+#define OBJNODE_TREE_INDEX_BITS (8 /* CHAR_BIT */ * sizeof(unsigned long))
+#define OBJNODE_TREE_MAX_PATH \
+		(OBJNODE_TREE_INDEX_BITS/OBJNODE_TREE_MAP_SHIFT + 2)
+
+struct tmem_objnode {
+	struct tmem_obj *obj;
+	DECL_SENTINEL
+	void *slots[OBJNODE_TREE_MAP_SIZE];
+	unsigned int slots_in_use;
+};
+
+/* pampd abstract datatype methods provided by the PAM implementation */
+struct tmem_pamops {
+	void *(*create)(char *, size_t, bool, int,
+			struct tmem_pool *, struct tmem_oid *, uint32_t);
+	int (*get_data)(char *, size_t *, bool, void *, struct tmem_pool *,
+				struct tmem_oid *, uint32_t);
+	int (*get_data_and_free)(char *, size_t *, bool, void *,
+				struct tmem_pool *, struct tmem_oid *,
+				uint32_t);
+	void (*free)(void *, struct tmem_pool *, struct tmem_oid *, uint32_t);
+	void (*free_obj)(struct tmem_pool *, struct tmem_obj *);
+	bool (*is_remote)(void *);
+	void (*new_obj)(struct tmem_obj *);
+	int (*replace_in_obj)(void *, struct tmem_obj *);
+};
+extern void tmem_register_pamops(struct tmem_pamops *m);
+
+/* memory allocation methods provided by the host implementation */
+struct tmem_hostops {
+	struct tmem_obj *(*obj_alloc)(struct tmem_pool *);
+	void (*obj_free)(struct tmem_obj *, struct tmem_pool *);
+	struct tmem_objnode *(*objnode_alloc)(struct tmem_pool *);
+	void (*objnode_free)(struct tmem_objnode *, struct tmem_pool *);
+};
+extern void tmem_register_hostops(struct tmem_hostops *m);
+
+/* core tmem accessor functions */
+extern int tmem_put(struct tmem_pool *, struct tmem_oid *, uint32_t index,
+			char *, size_t, bool, bool);
+extern int tmem_get(struct tmem_pool *, struct tmem_oid *, uint32_t index,
+			char *, size_t *, bool, int);
+extern int tmem_replace(struct tmem_pool *, struct tmem_oid *, uint32_t index,
+			void *);
+extern int tmem_flush_page(struct tmem_pool *, struct tmem_oid *,
+			uint32_t index);
+extern int tmem_flush_object(struct tmem_pool *, struct tmem_oid *);
+extern int tmem_destroy_pool(struct tmem_pool *);
+extern void tmem_new_pool(struct tmem_pool *, uint32_t);
+#endif /* _TMEM_H */
diff --git a/drivers/staging/ramster/zcache-main.c b/drivers/staging/ramster/zcache-main.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..49c8791462f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/drivers/staging/ramster/zcache-main.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1988 @@
+/*
+ * zcache.c
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2010,2011, Dan Magenheimer, Oracle Corp.
+ * Copyright (c) 2010,2011, Nitin Gupta
+ *
+ * Zcache provides an in-kernel "host implementation" for transcendent memory
+ * and, thus indirectly, for cleancache and frontswap.  Zcache includes two
+ * page-accessible memory [1] interfaces, both utilizing lzo1x compression:
+ * 1) "compression buddies" ("zbud") is used for ephemeral pages
+ * 2) xvmalloc is used for persistent pages.
+ * Xvmalloc (based on the TLSF allocator) has very low fragmentation
+ * so maximizes space efficiency, while zbud allows pairs (and potentially,
+ * in the future, more than a pair of) compressed pages to be closely linked
+ * so that reclaiming can be done via the kernel's physical-page-oriented
+ * "shrinker" interface.
+ *
+ * [1] For a definition of page-accessible memory (aka PAM), see:
+ *   http://marc.info/?l=linux-mm&m=127811271605009
+ */
+
+#include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/cpu.h>
+#include <linux/highmem.h>
+#include <linux/list.h>
+#include <linux/lzo.h>
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/spinlock.h>
+#include <linux/types.h>
+#include <linux/atomic.h>
+#include <linux/math64.h>
+#include "tmem.h"
+
+#include "../zram/xvmalloc.h" /* if built in drivers/staging */
+
+#if (!defined(CONFIG_CLEANCACHE) && !defined(CONFIG_FRONTSWAP))
+#error "zcache is useless without CONFIG_CLEANCACHE or CONFIG_FRONTSWAP"
+#endif
+#ifdef CONFIG_CLEANCACHE