License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license

Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.

By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.

Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier.  The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.

This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.

How this work was done:

Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
 - file had no licensing information it it.
 - file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
 - file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,

Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.

The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne.  Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.

The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed.  Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
 - Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
 - Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
   lines of source
 - File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
   lines).

All documentation files were explicitly excluded.

The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.

 - when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
   considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
   COPYING file license applied.

   For non */uapi/* files that summary was:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|-------
   GPL-2.0                                              11139

   and resulted in the first patch in this series.

   If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
   Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0".  Results of that was:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|-------
   GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note                        930

   and resulted in the second patch in this series.

 - if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
   of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
   any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
   it (per prior point).  Results summary:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|------
   GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note                       270
   GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                      169
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause)    21
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause)    17
   LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                      15
   GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                       14
   ((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause)    5
   LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                       4
   LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note                        3
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT)              3
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT)             1

   and that resulted in the third patch in this series.

 - when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
   the concluded license(s).

 - when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
   license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
   licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.

 - In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
   resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
   which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).

 - When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
   confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

 - If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
   the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
   in time.

In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights.  The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.

Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.

In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.

Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
 - a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
   license ids and scores
 - reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
   files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
 - reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
   was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
   SPDX license was correct

This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction.  This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.

These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg.  Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected.  This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.)  Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.

Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

76 files changed, 76 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/arch/parisc/include/asm/agp.h b/arch/parisc/include/asm/agp.h
index d226ffa8fc12..cb04470e63d0 100644
--- a/arch/parisc/include/asm/agp.h
+++ b/arch/parisc/include/asm/agp.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _ASM_PARISC_AGP_H
 #define _ASM_PARISC_AGP_H
 
diff --git a/arch/parisc/include/asm/atomic.h b/arch/parisc/include/asm/atomic.h
index 17b98a87e5e2..bc54addd589f 100644
--- a/arch/parisc/include/asm/atomic.h
+++ b/arch/parisc/include/asm/atomic.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /* Copyright (C) 2000 Philipp Rumpf <prumpf@tux.org>
  * Copyright (C) 2006 Kyle McMartin <kyle@parisc-linux.org>
  */
diff --git a/arch/parisc/include/asm/bitops.h b/arch/parisc/include/asm/bitops.h
index da87943328a5..53252d4f9a57 100644
--- a/arch/parisc/include/asm/bitops.h
+++ b/arch/parisc/include/asm/bitops.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _PARISC_BITOPS_H
 #define _PARISC_BITOPS_H
 
diff --git a/arch/parisc/include/asm/bug.h b/arch/parisc/include/asm/bug.h
index 07ea467f22fc..4b6d60b94124 100644
--- a/arch/parisc/include/asm/bug.h
+++ b/arch/parisc/include/asm/bug.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _PARISC_BUG_H
 #define _PARISC_BUG_H
 
diff --git a/arch/parisc/include/asm/bugs.h b/arch/parisc/include/asm/bugs.h
index 9e6284342a5f..0a7f9db6bd1c 100644
--- a/arch/parisc/include/asm/bugs.h
+++ b/arch/parisc/include/asm/bugs.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  *  include/asm-parisc/bugs.h
  *
diff --git a/arch/parisc/include/asm/cache.h b/arch/parisc/include/asm/cache.h
index df0f52bd18b4..150b7f30ea90 100644
--- a/arch/parisc/include/asm/cache.h
+++ b/arch/parisc/include/asm/cache.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * include/asm-parisc/cache.h
  */
diff --git a/arch/parisc/include/asm/cacheflush.h b/arch/parisc/include/asm/cacheflush.h
index c7e15cc5c668..3742508cc534 100644
--- a/arch/parisc/include/asm/cacheflush.h
+++ b/arch/parisc/include/asm/cacheflush.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _PARISC_CACHEFLUSH_H
 #define _PARISC_CACHEFLUSH_H
 
diff --git a/arch/parisc/include/asm/checksum.h b/arch/parisc/include/asm/checksum.h
index 60c2c42619c9..3cbf1f1c1188 100644
--- a/arch/parisc/include/asm/checksum.h
+++ b/arch/parisc/include/asm/checksum.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _PARISC_CHECKSUM_H
 #define _PARISC_CHECKSUM_H
 
diff --git a/arch/parisc/include/asm/cmpxchg.h b/arch/parisc/include/asm/cmpxchg.h
index 7ada30900807..f627c37dad9c 100644
--- a/arch/parisc/include/asm/cmpxchg.h
+++ b/arch/parisc/include/asm/cmpxchg.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * forked from parisc asm/atomic.h which was:
  *	Copyright (C) 2000 Philipp Rumpf <prumpf@tux.org>
diff --git a/arch/parisc/include/asm/compat.h b/arch/parisc/include/asm/compat.h
index 3387307cc33e..07f48827afda 100644
--- a/arch/parisc/include/asm/compat.h
+++ b/arch/parisc/include/asm/compat.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _ASM_PARISC_COMPAT_H
 #define _ASM_PARISC_COMPAT_H
 /*
diff --git a/arch/parisc/include/asm/compat_ucontext.h b/arch/parisc/include/asm/compat_ucontext.h
index 2f7292afde3c..c606f1bc891d 100644
--- a/arch/parisc/include/asm/compat_ucontext.h
+++ b/arch/parisc/include/asm/compat_ucontext.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _ASM_PARISC_COMPAT_UCONTEXT_H
 #define _ASM_PARISC_COMPAT_UCONTEXT_H
 
diff --git a/arch/parisc/include/asm/delay.h b/arch/parisc/include/asm/delay.h
index 08e58e679e3e..841b506b702a 100644
--- a/arch/parisc/include/asm/delay.h
+++ b/arch/parisc/include/asm/delay.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _ASM_PARISC_DELAY_H
 #define _ASM_PARISC_DELAY_H
 
diff --git a/arch/parisc/include/asm/dma-mapping.h b/arch/parisc/include/asm/dma-mapping.h
index 2b16282add69..7af4a00b5ce2 100644
--- a/arch/parisc/include/asm/dma-mapping.h
+++ b/arch/parisc/include/asm/dma-mapping.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _PARISC_DMA_MAPPING_H
 #define _PARISC_DMA_MAPPING_H
 
diff --git a/arch/parisc/include/asm/dma.h b/arch/parisc/include/asm/dma.h
index fd48ae2de950..eea80ed34e6d 100644
--- a/arch/parisc/include/asm/dma.h
+++ b/arch/parisc/include/asm/dma.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /* asm/dma.h: Defines for using and allocating dma channels.
  * Written by Hennus Bergman, 1992.
  * High DMA channel support & info by Hannu Savolainen
diff --git a/arch/parisc/include/asm/elf.h b/arch/parisc/include/asm/elf.h
index a6b2a421571e..382d75a2ee4f 100644
--- a/arch/parisc/include/asm/elf.h
+++ b/arch/parisc/include/asm/elf.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef __ASMPARISC_ELF_H
 #define __ASMPARISC_ELF_H
 
diff --git a/arch/parisc/include/asm/fb.h b/arch/parisc/include/asm/fb.h
index 4d503a023ab2..c4cd6360f996 100644
--- a/arch/parisc/include/asm/fb.h
+++ b/arch/parisc/include/asm/fb.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _ASM_FB_H_
 #define _ASM_FB_H_
 
diff --git a/arch/parisc/include/asm/fixmap.h b/arch/parisc/include/asm/fixmap.h
index 6fec4d4a1a18..f7c3a0905de4 100644
--- a/arch/parisc/include/asm/fixmap.h
+++ b/arch/parisc/include/asm/fixmap.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _ASM_FIXMAP_H
 #define _ASM_FIXMAP_H
 
diff --git a/arch/parisc/include/asm/ftrace.h b/arch/parisc/include/asm/ftrace.h
index d635c6b0269d..42b2c75a1645 100644
--- a/arch/parisc/include/asm/ftrace.h
+++ b/arch/parisc/include/asm/ftrace.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _ASM_PARISC_FTRACE_H
 #define _ASM_PARISC_FTRACE_H
 
diff --git a/arch/parisc/include/asm/futex.h b/arch/parisc/include/asm/futex.h
index c601aab2fb36..cf7ba058f619 100644
--- a/arch/parisc/include/asm/futex.h
+++ b/arch/parisc/include/asm/futex.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _ASM_PARISC_FUTEX_H
 #define _ASM_PARISC_FUTEX_H
 
diff --git a/arch/parisc/include/asm/hardirq.h b/arch/parisc/include/asm/hardirq.h
index 9b3bd039a609..077815169258 100644
--- a/arch/parisc/include/asm/hardirq.h
+++ b/arch/parisc/include/asm/hardirq.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /* hardirq.h: PA-RISC hard IRQ support.
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2001 Matthew Wilcox <matthew@wil.cx>
diff --git a/arch/parisc/include/asm/hardware.h b/arch/parisc/include/asm/hardware.h
index d1d864b81bae..d6e1ed145031 100644
--- a/arch/parisc/include/asm/hardware.h
+++ b/arch/parisc/include/asm/hardware.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _PARISC_HARDWARE_H
 #define _PARISC_HARDWARE_H
 
diff --git a/arch/parisc/include/asm/hash.h b/arch/parisc/include/asm/hash.h
index dbe93311aa26..525950ed862d 100644
--- a/arch/parisc/include/asm/hash.h
+++ b/arch/parisc/include/asm/hash.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _ASM_HASH_H
 #define _ASM_HASH_H
 
diff --git a/arch/parisc/include/asm/hugetlb.h b/arch/parisc/include/asm/hugetlb.h
index a65d888716c4..58e0f4620426 100644
--- a/arch/parisc/include/asm/hugetlb.h
+++ b/arch/parisc/include/asm/hugetlb.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _ASM_PARISC64_HUGETLB_H
 #define _ASM_PARISC64_HUGETLB_H
 
diff --git a/arch/parisc/include/asm/ide.h b/arch/parisc/include/asm/ide.h
index 81700a2321cf..34cdac01ed35 100644
--- a/arch/parisc/include/asm/ide.h
+++ b/arch/parisc/include/asm/ide.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  *  linux/include/asm-parisc/ide.h
  *
diff --git a/arch/parisc/include/asm/io.h b/arch/parisc/include/asm/io.h
index af98254f7257..27c62baa9c4e 100644
--- a/arch/parisc/include/asm/io.h
+++ b/arch/parisc/include/asm/io.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _ASM_IO_H
 #define _ASM_IO_H
 
diff --git a/arch/parisc/include/asm/irq.h b/arch/parisc/include/asm/irq.h
index 1073599a7be9..959e79cd2c14 100644
--- a/arch/parisc/include/asm/irq.h
+++ b/arch/parisc/include/asm/irq.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * include/asm-parisc/irq.h
  *
diff --git a/arch/parisc/include/asm/irqflags.h b/arch/parisc/include/asm/irqflags.h
index 34f9cb9b4754..38a19c0bac3a 100644
--- a/arch/parisc/include/asm/irqflags.h
+++ b/arch/parisc/include/asm/irqflags.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef __PARISC_IRQFLAGS_H
 #define __PARISC_IRQFLAGS_H
 
diff --git a/arch/parisc/include/asm/kbdleds.h b/arch/parisc/include/asm/kbdleds.h
index 2e2e75a83c28..50fcce810655 100644
--- a/arch/parisc/include/asm/kbdleds.h
+++ b/arch/parisc/include/asm/kbdleds.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _ASM_PARISC_KBDLEDS_H
 #define _ASM_PARISC_KBDLEDS_H
 
diff --git a/arch/parisc/include/asm/kmap_types.h b/arch/parisc/include/asm/kmap_types.h
index 58e91ed0388f..3e70b5cd1123 100644
--- a/arch/parisc/include/asm/kmap_types.h
+++ b/arch/parisc/include/asm/kmap_types.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _ASM_KMAP_TYPES_H
 #define _ASM_KMAP_TYPES_H
 
diff --git a/arch/parisc/include/asm/ldcw.h b/arch/parisc/include/asm/ldcw.h
index 8be707e1b6c7..dd5a08aaa4da 100644
--- a/arch/parisc/include/asm/ldcw.h
+++ b/arch/parisc/include/asm/ldcw.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */<