1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
|
---
title: Glossary of terms
description: Terms commonly used throughout the documentation.
categories: [getting started]
keywords: [glossary]
menu:
docs:
parent: getting-started
weight: 60
weight: 60
# Use level 6 headings for each term in the glossary.
---
[A](#action)
[B](#bool)
[C](#cache)
[D](#default-sort-order)
[E](#environment)
[F](#field)
[G](#global-resource)
[H](#headless-bundle)
[I](#identifier)
[K](#kind)
[L](#layout)
[M](#map)
[N](#node)
[O](#object)
[P](#page-bundle)
[R](#regular-page)
[S](#scalar)
[T](#taxonomic-weight)
[U](#unmarshal)
[V](#variable)
[W](#walk)
[Z](#zero-time)
###### action
See [template action](#template-action).
###### archetype
A template for new content. See [details](/content-management/archetypes/).
###### argument
A [scalar](#scalar), [array](#array), [slice](#slice), [map](#map), or [object](#object) passed to a [function](#function), [method](#method), or [shortcode](#shortcode).
###### array
A numbered sequence of elements. Unlike Go's [slice](#slice) data type, an array has a fixed length. [Elements](#element) within an array can be [scalars](#scalar), slices, [maps](#map), pages, or other arrays. See the [Go documentation](https://go.dev/ref/spec#Array_types) for details.
###### bool
See [boolean](#boolean).
###### boolean
A data type with two possible values, either `true` or `false`.
###### branch bundle
A directory that contains an _index.md file and zero or more [resources](#resource). Analogous to a physical branch, a branch bundle may have descendants including leaf bundles and other branch bundles. Top level directories with or without _index.md files are also branch bundles. This includes the home page. See [details](/content-management/page-bundles/).
###### build
To generate a static site that includes HTML files and assets such as images, CSS, and JavaScript. The build process includes rendering and resource transformations.
###### bundle
See [page bundle](#page-bundle).
###### cache
A software component that stores data so that future requests for the same data are faster.
###### chain
Within a template, to connect one or more [identifiers](#identifier) with a dot. An identifier can represent a method, object, or field. For example, `.Site.Params.author.name` or `.Date.UTC.Hour`.
###### CJK
A collective term for the Chinese, Japanese, and Korean languages. See [details](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CJK_characters).
###### CLI
Command line interface.
###### collection
An [array](#array), [slice](#slice), or [map](#map).
###### content adapter
A template that dynamically creates pages when building a site. For example, use a content adapter to create pages from a remote data source such as JSON, TOML, YAML, or XML. See [details](/content-management/content-adapters/).
###### content format
A markup language for creating content. Typically Markdown, but may also be HTML, AsciiDoc, Org, Pandoc, or reStructuredText. See [details](/content-management/formats/).
###### content type
A classification of content inferred from the top-level directory name or the `type` set in [front matter](#front-matter). Pages in the root of the content directory, including the home page, are of type "page". Accessed via `.Page.Type` in [templates](#template). See [details](/content-management/types/).
###### content view
A template called with the `.Page.Render` method. See [details](/templates/content-view/).
###### context
Represented by a dot "." within a [template action](#template-action), context is the current location in a data structure. For example, while iterating over a [collection](#collection) of pages, the context within each iteration is the page's data structure. The context received by each template depends on template type and/or how it was called. See [details](/templates/introduction/#context).
###### default sort order
The default sort order for page collections. Hugo sorts by [weight](#weight), then by date (descending), then by link title, and then by file path.
###### element
A member of a slice or array.
###### environment
Typically one of `development`, `staging`, or `production`, each environment may exhibit different behavior depending on configuration and template logic. For example, in a production environment you might minify and fingerprint CSS, but that probably doesn't make sense in a development environment.
When running the built-in development server with the `hugo server` command, the environment is set to `development`. When building your site with the `hugo` command, the environment is set to `production`. To override the environment value, use the `--environment` command line flag or the `HUGO_ENVIRONMENT` environment variable.
To determine the current environment within a template, use the [`hugo.Environment`] function.
[`hugo.Environment`]: /functions/hugo/environment/
###### field
A predefined key-value pair in front matter such as `date` or `title`. See also [parameter](#parameter).
###### flag
An option passed to a command-line program, beginning with one or two hyphens. See [details](/commands/hugo/).
###### float
See [floating point](#floating-point).
###### floating point
A numeric data type with a fractional component. For example, `3.14159`.
###### fragment
The final segment of a URL, beginning with a hash (`#`) mark, that references an `id` attribute of an HTML element on the page.
###### front matter
Metadata at the beginning of each content page, separated from the content by format-specific delimiters. See [details](/content-management/front-matter/).
###### function
Used within a [template action](#template-action), a function takes one or more [arguments](#argument) and returns a value. Unlike [methods](#method), functions are not associated with an [object](#object). See [details](/functions/).
###### global resource
A file within the assets directory, or within any directory [mounted](/hugo-modules/configuration/#module-configuration-mounts) to the assets directory. Capture one or more global resources using the [`resources.Get`], [`resources.GetMatch`], [`resources.Match`], or [`resources.ByType`] functions.
[`resources.Get`]: /functions/resources/get/
[`resources.GetMatch`]: /functions/resources/getmatch/
[`resources.Match`]: /functions/resources/match/
[`resources.ByType`]: /functions/resources/byType/
###### headless bundle
An unpublished leaf or branch bundle whose content and resources you can include in other pages. See [build options](/content-management/build-options/).
###### identifier
A string that represents a variable, method, object, or field. It must conform to Go's [language specification](https://go.dev/ref/spec#Identifiers), beginning with a letter or underscore, followed by zero or more letters, digits, or underscores.
###### int
See [integer](#integer).
###### integer
A numeric data type without a fractional component. For example, `42`.
###### internationalization
Software design and development efforts that enable [localization](#localization). See the [W3C definition](https://www.w3.org/International/questions/qa-i18n). Abbreviated i18n.
###### interval
An [interval](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interval_(mathematics)) is a range of numbers between two endpoints: closed, open, or half-open.
- A _closed_ interval, denoted by brackets, includes its endpoints. For example, [0, 1] is the interval where `0 <= x <= 1`.
- An _open_ interval, denoted by parentheses, excludes its endpoints. For example, (0, 1) is the interval where `0 < x < 1`.
- A _half-open_ interval includes only one of its endpoints. For example, (0, 1] is the _left-open_ interval where `0 < x <= 1`, while [0, 1) is the _right-open_ interval where `0 <= x < 1`.
###### kind
See [page kind](#page-kind).
###### layout
See [template](#template).
###### leaf bundle
A directory that contains an index.md file and zero or more [resources](#resource). Analogous to a physical leaf, a leaf bundle is at the end of a branch. It has no descendants. See [details](/content-management/page-bundles/).
###### list page
Any [page kind](#page-kind) that receives a page [collection](#collection) in [context](#context). This includes the home page, [section pages](#section-page), [taxonomy pages](#taxonomy-page), and [term pages](#term-page).
###### list template
Any template that renders a [list page](#list-page). This includes [home](/templates/types/#home), [section](/templates/types/#section), [taxonomy](/templates/types/#taxonomy), and [term](/templates/types/#term) templates.
###### localization
Adaptation of a site to meet language and regional requirements. This includes translations, language-specific media, date and currency formats, etc. See [details](/content-management/multilingual/) and the [W3C definition](https://www.w3.org/International/questions/qa-i18n). Abbreviated l10n.
###### logical path
{{< new-in 0.123.0 >}}
A page or page resource identifier derived from the file path, excluding its extension and language identifier. This value is neither a file path nor a URL. Starting with a file path relative to the content directory, Hugo determines the logical path by stripping the file extension and language identifier, converting to lower case, then replacing spaces with hyphens. <!-- You may also set this value using the `path` front matter field. --> See [examples](/methods/page/path/#examples).
###### map
An unordered group of elements, each indexed by a unique key. See the [Go documentation](https://go.dev/ref/spec#Map_types) for details.
###### Markdown attribute
A list of attributes, containing one or more key-value pairs, separated by spaces or commas, and wrapped by braces. Apply Markdown attributes to images and block-level elements including blockquotes, fenced code blocks, headings, horizontal rules, lists, paragraphs, and tables. See [details](/getting-started/configuration-markup/#goldmark).
###### marshal
To transform a data structure into a serialized object. For example, transforming a [map](#map) into a JSON string. See [unmarshal](#unmarshal).
###### method
Used within a [template action](#template-action) and associated with an [object](#object), a method takes zero or more [arguments](#argument) and either returns a value or performs an action. For example, `.IsHome` is a method on the `.Page` object which returns `true` if the current page is the home page. See also [function](#function).
###### module
Like a [theme](#theme), a module is a packaged combination of [archetypes](#archetype), assets, content, data, [templates](#template), translation tables, static files, or configuration settings. A module may serve as the basis for a new site, or to augment an existing site. See [details](/hugo-modules/).
###### node
A class of [page kinds](#page-kind) including `home`, `section`, `taxonomy`, and `term`.
###### noop
An abbreviated form of "no operation", a _noop_ is a statement that does nothing.
###### object
A data structure with or without associated [methods](#method).
###### ordered taxonomy
Created by invoking the [`Alphabetical`] or [`ByCount`] method on a [`Taxonomy`](#taxonomy-object) object, which is a [map](#map), an ordered taxonomy is a [slice](#slice), where each element is an object that contains the [term](#term) and a slice of its [weighted pages](#weighted-page).
[`Alphabetical`]: /methods/taxonomy/alphabetical/
[`ByCount`]: /methods/taxonomy/bycount/
###### output format
{{% include "methods/page/_common/output-format-definition.md" %}}
###### page bundle
A directory that encapsulates both content and associated [resources](#resource). There are two types of page bundles: [leaf bundles](#leaf-bundle) and [branch bundles](#branch-bundle). See [details](/content-management/page-bundles/).
###### page collection
A slice of `Page` objects.
###### page kind
A classification of pages, one of `home`, `page`, `section`, `taxonomy`, or `term`. See [details](/methods/page/kind/).
Note that there are also `RSS`, `sitemap`, `robotsTXT`, and `404` page kinds, but these are only available during the rendering of each of these respective page's kind and therefore *not* available in any of the `Pages` collections.
###### page resource
A file within a [page bundle](#page-bundle). Capture one or more page resources using any of the [`Resources`] methods on a `Page` object.
[`Resources`]: /methods/page/resources/#methods
###### pager
Created during [pagination](#pagination), a pager contains a subset of a list page and navigation links to other pagers.
###### paginate
To split a list page into two or more subsets.
###### pagination
The process of [paginating](#paginate) a list page. See [details](/templates/pagination/).
###### paginator
A collection of [pagers](#pager).
###### parameter
Typically, a user-defined key-value pair at the site or page level, but may also refer to a configuration setting or an [argument](#argument). See also [field](#field).
###### partial
A [template](#template) called from any other template including [shortcodes](#shortcode), [render hooks](#render-hook), and other partials. A partial either renders something or returns something. A partial can also call itself, for example, to [walk](#walk) a data structure.
###### permalink
The absolute URL of a published resource or a rendered page, including scheme and host.
###### pipe
See [pipeline](#pipeline).
###### pipeline
Within a [template action](#template-action), a pipeline is a possibly chained sequence of values, [function](#function) calls, or [method](#method) calls. Functions and methods in the pipeline may take multiple [arguments](#argument).
A pipeline may be *chained* by separating a sequence of commands with pipeline characters "|". In a chained pipeline, the result of each command is passed as the last argument to the following command. The output of the final command in the pipeline is the value of the pipeline. See the [Go documentation](https://pkg.go.dev/text/template#hdr-Pipelines) for details.
###### publish
See [build](#build).
###### regular page
Content with the "page" [page kind](#page-kind). See also [section page](#section-page).
###### relative permalink
The host-relative URL of a published resource or a rendered page.
###### render hook
A [template](#template) that overrides standard Markdown rendering. See [details](/render-hooks).
###### remote resource
A file on a remote server, accessible via HTTP or HTTPS with the [`resources.GetRemote`](/functions/resources/getremote) function.
###### resource
Any file consumed by the build process to augment or generate content, structure, behavior, or presentation. For example: images, videos, content snippets, CSS, Sass, JavaScript, and data.
Hugo supports three types of resources: [global](#global-resource), [page](#page-resource), and [remote](#remote-resource)
###### resource type
The main type of a resource's [media type]. Content files such as Markdown, HTML, AsciiDoc, Pandoc, reStructuredText, and Emacs Org Mode have resource type `page`. Other resource types include `image`, `video`, etc. Retrieve the resource type using the [`ResourceType`] method on a `Resource` object.
[media type]: /methods/resource/mediatype/
[`ResourceType`]: /methods/resource/resourcetype/
###### scalar
A single value, one of [string](#string), [integer](#integer), [floating point](#floating-point), or [boolean](#boolean).
###### scratch pad
Conceptually, a [map](#map) with [methods](#method) to set, get, update, and delete values. Attach the data structure to a `Page` object using the [`Scratch`] or [`Store`] methods, or create a locally scoped scratch pad using the [`newScratch`] function.
[`Scratch`]: /methods/page/scratch/
[`Store`]: /methods/page/store/
[`newScratch`]: /functions/collections/newscratch/
###### section
A top-level content directory, or any content directory with an _index.md file. A content directory with an _index.md file is also known as a [branch bundle](/getting-started/glossary/#branch-bundle). Section templates receive one or more page [collections](#collection) in [context](#context). See [details](/content-management/sections/).
###### section page
Content with the "section" [page kind](#page-kind). Typically a listing of [regular pages](#regular-page) and/or [section pages](#section-page) within the current [section](#section). See also [regular page](#regular-page).
###### shortcode
A [template](#template) called from within Markdown, taking zero or more [arguments](#argument). See [details](/content-management/shortcodes/).
###### slice
A numbered sequence of elements. Unlike Go's [array](#array) data type, slices are dynamically sized. [Elements](#element) within a slice can be [scalars](#scalar), [arrays](#array), [maps](#map), pages, or other slices. See the [Go documentation](https://go.dev/ref/spec#Slice_types) for details.
###### string
A sequence of bytes. For example, `"What is 6 times 7?"` .
###### string literal (interpreted)
Interpreted string literals are character sequences between double quotes, as in "foo". Within the quotes, any character may appear except a newline and an unescaped double quote. The text between the quotes forms the value of the literal, with backslash escapes interpreted. See [details](https://go.dev/ref/spec#String_literals).
###### string literal (raw)
Raw string literals are character sequences between backticks, as in \`bar\`. Within the backticks, any character may appear except a backtick. Backslashes have no special meaning and the string may contain newlines. Carriage return characters ('\r') inside raw string literals are discarded from the raw string value. See [details](https://go.dev/ref/spec#String_literals).
###### taxonomic weight
Defined in front matter and unique to each taxonomy, this [weight](#weight) determines the sort order of page collections contained within a [`Taxonomy`](#taxonomy-object) object. See [details](/content-management/taxonomies/#order-taxonomies).
###### taxonomy
A group of related [terms](#term) used to classify content. For example, a "colors" taxonomy might include the terms "red", "green", and "blue". See [details](/content-management/taxonomies/).
###### taxonomy object
A [map](#map) of [terms](#term) and the [weighted pages](#weighted-page) associated with each term.
###### taxonomy page
Content with the "taxonomy" [page kind](#page-kind). Typically a listing of [terms](#term) within a given [
|