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.TH "BCAL" "1" "Jun 2017" "Version 1.6" "User Commands"
.SH NAME
bcal \- Perform storage conversions and calculations.
.SH SYNOPSIS
.B bcal [-c N] [-f FORMAT] [-s bytes] [-m] [-d] [-h]
.br
.B " "[expression] [N [unit]]
.SH DESCRIPTION
.B bcal
(Byte CALculator) is a command-line utility to help with numerical calculations involving data storage units, addressing, base conversions etc.
.PP
.B Features
.PP
* evaluate arithmetic expressions involving storage units
* convert to IEC/SI standard data storage units
* show the address in bytes
* evaluate arithmetic expression of storage units
* show address as LBA:OFFSET
* convert CHS to LBA and vice versa
* show binary, decimal and hex representation of a number
* custom sector size, max heads/cylinder and max sectors/track
* minimal dependencies
.PP
\fBbcal\fR follows Ubuntu's standard unit conversion and notation policy. Only 64-bit operating systems are supported.
Refer to:
.I https://wiki.ubuntu.com/UnitsPolicy
.SH OPERATIONAL NOTES
.PP
.IP 1. 4
\fBExpression\fR: An expression must be within double quotes. Inner spaces are ignored. A storage unit can only be multiplied or divided by positive integers. Only storage units can be used for addition and subtraction.
.PP
.IP 2. 4
\fBN [unit]\fR: \fIN\fR can be a decimal or '0x' prefixed hex value. \fIunit\fR can be B/KiB/MiB/GiB/TiB/kB/MB/GB/TB following Ubuntu policy. Default is byte. As all of these tokens are unique, \fIunit\fR is case-insensitive.
.PP
.IP 3. 4
Only decimal is recognized in expressions. Decimal and hex \fBnumeric representations\fR are recognized for unit conversions. Decimal, hex, binary and octal are recognized for all other operations.
.PP
.IP 4. 4
\fBSyntax\fR: Prefix hex inputs with '0x', binary inputs with '0b', octal inputs with '00'.
.PP
.IP 5. 4
\fBNo negative arguments\fR allowed. Input limits are \fIunsigned long long\fR and \fIdouble\fR.
.PP
.IP 6. 4
\fBFractional bytes do not exist\fR, because they can't be addressed. \fBbcal\fR shows the floor value of non-integer bytes.
.PP
.IP 7. 4
\fBCHS and LBA syntax\fR:
- LBA: 'lLBA-MAX_HEAD-MAX_SECTOR' [NOTE: LBA starts with 'l' (case ignored)]
- CHS: 'cC-H-S-MAX_HEAD-MAX_SECTOR' [NOTE: CHS starts with 'c' (case ignored)]
- Format conversion arguments must be hyphen separated.
- Any unspecified value, including the one preceding the first '-' to the one following the last '-', is considered '0' (zero).
.PP
.IP 8. 4
\fBDefault values\fR:
- sector size: 0x200 (512)
- max heads per cylinder: 0x10 (16)
- max sectors per track: 0x3f (63)
.SH OPTIONS
.TP
.BI "-c=" N
Show decimal, binary and hex representation of positive integer \fIN\fR.
.TP
.BI "-f=" FORMAT
Convert CHS to LBA or LBA to CHS. \fIFORMAT\fR is hyphen-separated representation of LBA or CHS.
LBA: lLBA-MAX_HEAD-MAX_SECTOR (starts with 'l')
.br
CHS: cC-H-S-MAX_HEAD-MAX_SECTOR (starts with 'c')
Omitted values, (other than MAX_HEAD and MAX_SECTOR) are considered 0. Default MAX_HEAD: 16, default MAX_SECTOR: 63.
.TP
.BI "-s=" bytes
Sector size in bytes. Default value is 512.
.TP
.BI "-m"
Show minimal output (e.g. decimal bytes).
.TP
.BI "-d"
Enable debug information and logs.
.TP
.BI "-h"
Show program help and exit.
.SH EXAMPLES
.PP
.IP 1. 4
Evaluate arithmetic expression of storage units
.PP
.EX
.IP
.B $ bcal """(5kb+2mb)/3"""
.B $ bcal """5 tb / 12"""
.B $ bcal """2.5mb*3"""
.EE
.PP
.IP 2. 4
Convert storage capacity to other units and get address, LBA.
.PP
.EX
.IP
.B $ bcal 20140115 b
.B $ bcal 0x1335053 B
.B $ bcal 0xaabbcc kb
.B $ bcal 0xdef Gib
Note that the units are case-insensitive.
.EE
.PP
.IP 3. 4
Convert storage capacity, set sector size to 4096 to calculate LBA.
.PP
.EX
.IP
.B $ bcal 0xaabbcc kb -s 4096
.EE
.PP
.IP 4. 4
Convert LBA to CHS.
.PP
.EX
.IP
.B $ bcal -f l500
.B $ bcal -f l0x600-18-0x7e
.B $ bcal -f l0x300-0x12-0x7e
.EE
.PP
.IP 5. 4
Convert CHS to LBA.
.PP
.EX
.IP
.B $ bcal -f c10-10-10
.B $ bcal -f c0x10-0x10-0x10
.B $ bcal -f c0x10-10-2-0x12
.B $ bcal -f c-10-2-0x12
.B $ bcal -f c0x10-10--0x12
.EE
.PP
.IP 6. 4
Show binary, decimal and hex representations of a number.
.PP
.EX
.IP
.B $ bcal -c 20140115
.B $ bcal -c 0b1001100110101000001010011
.B $ bcal -c 0x1335053
.SH AUTHORS
Arun Prakash Jana <engineerarun@gmail.com>
.SH HOME
.I https://github.com/jarun/bcal
.SH REPORTING BUGS
.I https://github.com/jarun/bcal/issues
.SH LICENSE
Copyright \(co 2016-2017 Arun Prakash Jana <engineerarun@gmail.com>
.PP
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
.br
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it. There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
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