Hide struct args behind a couple of accessor functions.

41 files changed, 355 insertions, 306 deletions

diff --git a/arguments.c b/arguments.c
index 142f86d8..0867f815 100644
--- a/arguments.c
+++ b/arguments.c
@@ -38,6 +38,12 @@ struct args_entry {
 	RB_ENTRY(args_entry)	 entry;
 };
 
+struct args {
+	struct args_tree	  tree;
+	int			  argc;
+	char			**argv;
+};
+
 static struct args_entry	*args_find(struct args *, u_char);
 
 static int	args_cmp(struct args_entry *, struct args_entry *);
@@ -73,7 +79,7 @@ args_create(void)
 
 /* Parse an argv and argc into a new argument set. */
 struct args *
-args_parse(const char *template, int argc, char **argv)
+args_parse(const char *template, int argc, char **argv, int lower, int upper)
 {
 	struct args	*args;
 	int		 opt;
@@ -99,6 +105,10 @@ args_parse(const char *template, int argc, char **argv)
 	args->argc = argc;
 	args->argv = cmd_copy_argv(argc, argv);
 
+	if ((lower != -1 && argc < lower) || (upper != -1 && argc > upper)) {
+		args_free(args);
+		return (NULL);
+	}
 	return (args);
 }
 
@@ -126,6 +136,14 @@ args_free(struct args *args)
 	free(args);
 }
 
+/* Convert arguments to vector. */
+void
+args_vector(struct args *args, int *argc, char ***argv)
+{
+	*argc = args->argc;
+	*argv = cmd_copy_argv(args->argc, args->argv);
+}
+
 /* Add to string. */
 static void printflike(3, 4)
 args_print_add(char **buf, size_t *len, const char *fmt, ...)
@@ -145,23 +163,6 @@ args_print_add(char **buf, size_t *len, const char *fmt, ...)
 	free(s);
 }
 
-/* Add value to string. */
-static void
-args_print_add_value(char **buf, size_t *len, struct args_entry *entry,
-    struct args_value *value)
-{
-	char	*escaped;
-
-	if (**buf != '\0')
-		args_print_add(buf, len, " -%c ", entry->flag);
-	else
-		args_print_add(buf, len, "-%c ", entry->flag);
-
-	escaped = args_escape(value->value);
-	args_print_add(buf, len, "%s", escaped);
-	free(escaped);
-}
-
 /* Add argument to string. */
 static void
 args_print_add_argument(char **buf, size_t *len, const char *argument)
@@ -203,8 +204,13 @@ args_print(struct args *args)
 
 	/* Then the flags with arguments. */
 	RB_FOREACH(entry, args_tree, &args->tree) {
-		TAILQ_FOREACH(value, &entry->values, entry)
-			args_print_add_value(&buf, &len, entry, value);
+		TAILQ_FOREACH(value, &entry->values, entry) {
+			if (*buf != '\0')
+				args_print_add(&buf, &len, " -%c", entry->flag);
+			else
+				args_print_add(&buf, &len, "-%c", entry->flag);
+			args_print_add_argument(&buf, &len, value->value);
+		}
 	}
 
 	/* And finally the argument vector. */
@@ -330,6 +336,22 @@ args_next(struct args_entry **entry)
 	return ((*entry)->flag);
 }
 
+/* Get argument count. */
+u_int
+args_count(struct args *args)
+{
+	return (args->argc);
+}
+
+/* Return argument as string. */
+const char *
+args_string(struct args *args, u_int idx)
+{
+	if (idx >= (u_int)args->argc)
+		return (NULL);
+	return (args->argv[idx]);
+}
+
 /* Get first value in argument. */
 struct args_value *
 args_first_value(struct args *args, u_char flag)
diff --git a/cmd-bind-key.c b/cmd-bind-key.c
index b4e4167c..87dd3cf7 100644
--- a/cmd-bind-key.c
+++ b/cmd-bind-key.c
@@ -48,12 +48,13 @@ cmd_bind_key_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	key_code		  key;
 	const char		 *tablename, *note = args_get(args, 'N');
 	struct cmd_parse_result	 *pr;
-	char			**argv = args->argv;
-	int			  argc = args->argc, repeat;
+	char			**argv;
+	int			  argc, repeat;
+	u_int			  count = args_count(args);
 
-	key = key_string_lookup_string(argv[0]);
+	key = key_string_lookup_string(args_string(args, 0));
 	if (key == KEYC_NONE || key == KEYC_UNKNOWN) {
-		cmdq_error(item, "unknown key: %s", argv[0]);
+		cmdq_error(item, "unknown key: %s", args_string(args, 0));
 		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 	}
 
@@ -65,11 +66,14 @@ cmd_bind_key_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 		tablename = "prefix";
 	repeat = args_has(args, 'r');
 
-	if (argc != 1) {
-		if (argc == 2)
-			pr = cmd_parse_from_string(argv[1], NULL);
-		else
+	if (count != 1) {
+		if (count == 2)
+			pr = cmd_parse_from_string(args_string(args, 1), NULL);
+		else {
+			args_vector(args, &argc, &argv);
 			pr = cmd_parse_from_arguments(argc - 1, argv + 1, NULL);
+			cmd_free_argv(argc, argv);
+		}
 		switch (pr->status) {
 		case CMD_PARSE_EMPTY:
 			cmdq_error(item, "empty command");
diff --git a/cmd-command-prompt.c b/cmd-command-prompt.c
index 4943bc15..25ec6817 100644
--- a/cmd-command-prompt.c
+++ b/cmd-command-prompt.c
@@ -71,9 +71,10 @@ cmd_command_prompt_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	struct args			*args = cmd_get_args(self);
 	struct client			*tc = cmdq_get_target_client(item);
 	struct cmd_find_state		*target = cmdq_get_target(item);
-	const char			*inputs, *prompts, *type;
+	const char			*inputs, *prompts, *type, *s;
 	struct cmd_command_prompt_cdata	*cdata;
-	char				*prompt, *ptr, *input = NULL;
+	char				*prompt, *comma, *input = NULL;
+	u_int				 count = args_count(args);
 	size_t				 n;
 	int				 wait = !args_has(args, 'b');
 
@@ -94,28 +95,30 @@ cmd_command_prompt_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	if (wait)
 		cdata->item = item;
 
-	if (args->argc != 0 && args_has(args, 'F'))
-	    cdata->template = format_single_from_target(item, args->argv[0]);
-	else if (args->argc != 0)
-		cdata->template = xstrdup(args->argv[0]);
-	else
+	if (count != 0) {
+		s = args_string(args, 0);
+		if (args_has(args, 'F'))
+			cdata->template = format_single_from_target(item, s);
+		else
+			cdata->template = xstrdup(s);
+	}  else
 		cdata->template = xstrdup("%1");
 
 	if ((prompts = args_get(args, 'p')) != NULL)
 		cdata->prompts = xstrdup(prompts);
-	else if (args->argc != 0) {
+	else if (count != 0) {
 		n = strcspn(cdata->template, " ,");
-		xasprintf(&cdata->prompts, "(%.*s) ", (int) n, cdata->template);
+		xasprintf(&cdata->prompts, "(%.*s) ", (int)n, cdata->template);
 	} else
 		cdata->prompts = xstrdup(":");
 
 	/* Get first prompt. */
 	cdata->next_prompt = cdata->prompts;
-	ptr = strsep(&cdata->next_prompt, ",");
+	comma = strsep(&cdata->next_prompt, ",");
 	if (prompts == NULL)
-		prompt = xstrdup(ptr);
+		prompt = xstrdup(comma);
 	else
-		xasprintf(&prompt, "%s ", ptr);
+		xasprintf(&prompt, "%s ", comma);
 
 	/* Get initial prompt input. */
 	if ((inputs = args_get(args, 'I')) != NULL) {
@@ -157,7 +160,7 @@ cmd_command_prompt_callback(struct client *c, void *data, const char *s,
     int done)
 {
 	struct cmd_command_prompt_cdata	*cdata = data;
-	char				*new_template, *prompt, *ptr, *error;
+	char				*new_template, *prompt, *comma, *error;
 	char				*input = NULL;
 	struct cmdq_item		*item = cdata->item;
 	enum cmd_parse_status		 status;
@@ -177,8 +180,8 @@ cmd_command_prompt_callback(struct client *c, void *data, const char *s,
 	 * Check if there are more prompts; if so, get its respective input
 	 * and update the prompt data.
 	 */
-	if (done && (ptr = strsep(&cdata->next_prompt, ",")) != NULL) {
-		xasprintf(&prompt, "%s ", ptr);
+	if (done && (comma = strsep(&cdata->next_prompt, ",")) != NULL) {
+		xasprintf(&prompt, "%s ", comma);
 		input = strsep(&cdata->next_input, ",");
 		status_prompt_update(c, prompt, input);
 
diff --git a/cmd-confirm-before.c b/cmd-confirm-before.c
index 51c2fe8e..9f179aaf 100644
--- a/cmd-confirm-before.c
+++ b/cmd-confirm-before.c
@@ -59,22 +59,22 @@ cmd_confirm_before_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	struct cmd_confirm_before_data	*cdata;
 	struct client			*tc = cmdq_get_target_client(item);
 	struct cmd_find_state		*target = cmdq_get_target(item);
-	char				*cmd, *copy, *new_prompt, *ptr;
+	char				*cmd, *copy, *new_prompt, *tmp;
 	const char			*prompt;
 	int				 wait = !args_has(args, 'b');
 
+	cdata = xcalloc(1, sizeof *cdata);
+	cdata->cmd = xstrdup(args_string(args, 0));
+
 	if ((prompt = args_get(args, 'p')) != NULL)
 		xasprintf(&new_prompt, "%s ", prompt);
 	else {
-		ptr = copy = xstrdup(args->argv[0]);
-		cmd = strsep(&ptr, " \t");
+		tmp = copy = xstrdup(cdata->cmd);
+		cmd = strsep(&tmp, " \t");
 		xasprintf(&new_prompt, "Confirm '%s'? (y/n) ", cmd);
 		free(copy);
 	}
 
-	cdata = xcalloc(1, sizeof *cdata);
-	cdata->cmd = xstrdup(args->argv[0]);
-
 	cmd_get_source(self, &cdata->pi.file, &cdata->pi.line);
 	if (wait)
 		cdata->pi.item = item;
diff --git a/cmd-display-menu.c b/cmd-display-menu.c
index c774284c..a8eda0d2 100644
--- a/cmd-display-menu.c
+++ b/cmd-display-menu.c
@@ -261,10 +261,10 @@ cmd_display_menu_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	struct client		*tc = cmdq_get_target_client(item);
 	struct menu		*menu = NULL;
 	struct menu_item	 menu_item;
-	const char		*key;
-	char			*title, *name;
-	int			 flags = 0, i;
-	u_int			 px, py;
+	const char		*key, *name;
+	char			*title;
+	int			 flags = 0;
+	u_int			 px, py, i, count = args_count(args);
 
 	if (tc->overlay_draw != NULL)
 		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
@@ -275,24 +275,24 @@ cmd_display_menu_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 		title = xstrdup("");
 	menu = menu_create(title);
 
-	for (i = 0; i != args->argc; /* nothing */) {
-		name = args->argv[i++];
+	for (i = 0; i != count; /* nothing */) {
+		name = args_string(args, i++);
 		if (*name == '\0') {
 			menu_add_item(menu, NULL, item, tc, target);
 			continue;
 		}
 
-		if (args->argc - i < 2) {
+		if (count - i < 2) {
 			cmdq_error(item, "not enough arguments");
 			free(title);
 			menu_free(menu);
 			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 		}
-		key = args->argv[i++];
+		key = args_string(args, i++);
 
 		menu_item.name = name;
 		menu_item.key = key_string_lookup_string(key);
-		menu_item.command = args->argv[i++];
+		menu_item.command = args_string(args, i++);
 
 		menu_add_item(menu, &menu_item, item, tc, target);
 	}
@@ -329,11 +329,10 @@ cmd_display_popup_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	struct session		*s = target->s;
 	struct client		*tc = cmdq_get_target_client(item);
 	struct tty		*tty = &tc->tty;
-	const char		*value, *shell[] = { NULL, NULL };
-	const char		*shellcmd = NULL;
-	char			*cwd, *cause, **argv = args->argv;
-	int			 flags = 0, argc = args->argc;
-	u_int			 px, py, w, h;
+	const char		*value, *shell, *shellcmd = NULL;
+	char			*cwd, *cause, **argv = NULL;
+	int			 flags = 0, argc = 0;
+	u_int			 px, py, w, h, count = args_count(args);
 
 	if (args_has(args, 'C')) {
 		server_client_clear_overlay(tc);
@@ -374,18 +373,18 @@ cmd_display_popup_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 		cwd = format_single_from_target(item, value);
 	else
 		cwd = xstrdup(server_client_get_cwd(tc, s));
-	if (argc == 0)
+	if (count == 0)
 		shellcmd = options_get_string(s->options, "default-command");
-	else if (argc == 1)
-		shellcmd = argv[0];
-	if (argc <= 1 && (shellcmd == NULL || *shellcmd == '\0')) {
+	else if (count == 1)
+		shellcmd = args_string(args, 0);
+	if (count <= 1 && (shellcmd == NULL || *shellcmd == '\0')) {
 		shellcmd = NULL;
-		shell[0] = options_get_string(s->options, "default-shell");
-		if (!checkshell(shell[0]))
-			shell[0] = _PATH_BSHELL;
-		argc = 1;
-		argv = (char**)shell;
-	}
+		shell = options_get_string(s->options, "default-shell");
+		if (!checkshell(shell))
+			shell = _PATH_BSHELL;
+		cmd_append_argv(&argc, &argv, shell);
+	} else
+		args_vector(args, &argc, &argv);
 
 	if (args_has(args, 'E') > 1)
 		flags |= POPUP_CLOSEEXITZERO;
@@ -394,7 +393,10 @@ cmd_display_popup_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	if (args_has(args, 'B'))
 		flags |= POPUP_NOBORDER;
 	if (popup_display(flags, item, px, py, w, h, shellcmd, argc, argv, cwd,
-	    tc, s, NULL, NULL) != 0)
+	    tc, s, NULL, NULL) != 0) {
+		cmd_free_argv(argc, argv);
 		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+	}
+	cmd_free_argv(argc, argv);
 	return (CMD_RETURN_WAIT);
 }
diff --git a/cmd-display-message.c b/cmd-display-message.c
index 8fd6a8ff..f4d41e6c 100644
--- a/cmd-display-message.c
+++ b/cmd-display-message.c
@@ -68,9 +68,9 @@ cmd_display_message_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	struct window_pane	*wp = target->wp;
 	const char		*template;
 	char			*msg, *cause;
-	int			 delay = -1;
+	int			 delay = -1, flags;
 	struct format_tree	*ft;
-	int			 flags;
+	u_int			 count = args_count(args);
 
 	if (args_has(args, 'I')) {
 		if (wp == NULL)
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ cmd_display_message_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 		return (CMD_RETURN_WAIT);
 	}
 
-	if (args_has(args, 'F') && args->argc != 0) {
+	if (args_has(args, 'F') && count != 0) {
 		cmdq_error(item, "only one of -F or argument must be given");
 		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 	}
@@ -97,9 +97,10 @@ cmd_display_message_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 		}
 	}
 
-	template = args_get(args, 'F');
-	if (args->argc != 0)
-		template = args->argv[0];
+	if (count != 0)
+		template = args_string(args, 0);
+	else
+		template = args_get(args, 'F');
 	if (template == NULL)
 		template = DISPLAY_MESSAGE_TEMPLATE;
 
diff --git a/cmd-display-panes.c b/cmd-display-panes.c
index beadae53..59484872 100644
--- a/cmd-display-panes.c
+++ b/cmd-display-panes.c
@@ -276,8 +276,8 @@ cmd_display_panes_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 		delay = options_get_number(s->options, "display-panes-time");
 
 	cdata = xmalloc(sizeof *cdata);
-	if (args->argc != 0)
-		cdata->command = xstrdup(args->argv[0]);
+	if (args_count(args))
+		cdata->command = xstrdup(args_string(args, 0));
 	else
 		cdata->command = xstrdup("select-pane -t '%%'");
 	if (args_has(args, 'b'))
diff --git a/cmd-find-window.c b/cmd-find-window.c
index 43f5f9be..691baf85 100644
--- a/cmd-find-window.c
+++ b/cmd-find-window.c
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ cmd_find_window_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	struct args		*args = cmd_get_args(self), *new_args;
 	struct cmd_find_state	*target = cmdq_get_target(item);
 	struct window_pane	*wp = target->wp;
-	const char		*s = args->argv[0], *suffix = "";
+	const char		*s = args_string(args, 0), *suffix = "";
 	char			*filter;
 	int			 C, N, T;
 
diff --git a/cmd-if-shell.c b/cmd-if-shell.c
index f4c81074..df06a0b6 100644
--- a/cmd-if-shell.c
+++ b/cmd-if-shell.c
@@ -65,21 +65,20 @@ cmd_if_shell_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	struct cmd_find_state		*target = cmdq_get_target(item);
 	struct cmdq_state		*state = cmdq_get_state(item);
 	struct cmd_if_shell_data	*cdata;
-	char				*shellcmd, *cmd, *error;
-	const char			*file;
+	char				*shellcmd, *error;
+	const char			*cmd = NULL, *file;
 	struct client			*tc = cmdq_get_target_client(item);
 	struct session			*s = target->s;
 	struct cmd_parse_input		 pi;
 	enum cmd_parse_status		 status;
+	u_int				 count = args_count(args);
 
-	shellcmd = format_single_from_target(item, args->argv[0]);
+	shellcmd = format_single_from_target(item, args_string(args, 0));
 	if (args_has(args, 'F')) {
 		if (*shellcmd != '0' && *shellcmd != '\0')
-			cmd = args->argv[1];
-		else if (args->argc == 3)
-			cmd = args->argv[2];
-		else
-			cmd = NULL;
+			cmd = args_string(args, 1);
+		else if (count == 3)
+			cmd = args_string(args, 2);
 		free(shellcmd);
 		if (cmd == NULL)
 			return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
@@ -101,9 +100,9 @@ cmd_if_shell_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 
 	cdata = xcalloc(1, sizeof *cdata);
 
-	cdata->cmd_if = xstrdup(args->argv[1]);
-	if (args->argc == 3)
-		cdata->cmd_else = xstrdup(args->argv[2]);
+	cdata->cmd_if = xstrdup(args_string(args, 1));
+	if (count == 3)
+		cdata->cmd_else = xstrdup(args_string(args, 2));
 
 	if (!args_has(args, 'b'))
 		cdata->client = cmdq_get_client(item);
diff --git a/cmd-list-keys.c b/cmd-list-keys.c
index dbb510fb..1484af6d 100644
--- a/cmd-list-keys.c
+++ b/cmd-list-keys.c
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ cmd_list_keys_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	struct args		*args = cmd_get_args(self);
 	struct key_table	*table;
 	struct key_binding	*bd;
-	const char		*tablename, *r;
+	const char		*tablename, *r, *keystr;
 	char			*key, *cp, *tmp, *start, *empty;
 	key_code		 prefix, only = KEYC_UNKNOWN;
 	int			 repeat, width, tablewidth, keywidth, found = 0;
@@ -159,10 +159,10 @@ cmd_list_keys_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	if (cmd_get_entry(self) == &cmd_list_commands_entry)
 		return (cmd_list_keys_commands(self, item));
 
-	if (args->argc != 0) {
-		only = key_string_lookup_string(args->argv[0]);
+	if ((keystr = args_string(args, 0)) != NULL) {
+		only = key_string_lookup_string(keystr);
 		if (only == KEYC_UNKNOWN) {
-			cmdq_error(item, "invalid key: %s", args->argv[0]);
+			cmdq_error(item, "invalid key: %s", keystr);
 			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 		}
 		only &= (KEYC_MASK_KEY|KEYC_MASK_MODIFIERS);
@@ -243,6 +243,7 @@ cmd_list_keys_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 
 	tmpsize = 256;
 	tmp = xmalloc(tmpsize);
+
 	table = key_bindings_first_table();
 	while (table != NULL) {
 		if (tablename != NULL && strcmp(table->name, tablename) != 0) {
@@ -307,7 +308,7 @@ cmd_list_keys_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 
 out:
 	if (only != KEYC_UNKNOWN && !found) {
-		cmdq_error(item, "unknown key: %s", args->argv[0]);
+		cmdq_error(item, "unknown key: %s", args_string(args, 0));
 		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 	}
 	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
@@ -320,12 +321,9 @@ cmd_list_keys_commands(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	const struct cmd_entry	**entryp;
 	const struct cmd_entry	 *entry;
 	struct format_tree	 *ft;
-	const char		 *template, *s, *command = NULL;
+	const char		 *template, *s, *command;
 	char			 *line;
 
-	if (args->argc != 0)
-		command = args->argv[0];
-
 	if ((template = args_get(args, 'F')) == NULL) {
 		template = "#{command_list_name}"
 		    "#{?command_list_alias, (#{command_list_alias}),} "
@@ -335,6 +333,7 @@ cmd_list_keys_commands(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	ft = format_create(cmdq_get_client(item), item, FORMAT_NONE, 0);
 	format_defaults(ft, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
 
+	command = args_string(args, 0);
 	for (entryp = cmd_table; *entryp != NULL; entryp++) {
 		entry = *entryp;
 		if (command != NULL &&
diff --git a/cmd-load-buffer.c b/cmd-load-buffer.c
index bca9a860..318a7467 100644
--- a/cmd-load-buffer.c
+++ b/cmd-load-buffer.c
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ cmd_load_buffer_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 		cdata->client->references++;
 	}
 
-	path = format_single_from_target(item, args->argv[0]);
+	path = format_single_from_target(item, args_string(args, 0));
 	file_read(cmdq_get_client(item), path, cmd_load_buffer_done, cdata);
 	free(path);
 
diff --git a/cmd-new-session.c b/cmd-new-session.c
index 79b756bf..0cc6b9da 100644
--- a/cmd-new-session.c
+++ b/cmd-new-session.c
@@ -79,8 +79,8 @@ cmd_new_session_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	char			*cause, *cwd = NULL, *cp, *newname = NULL;
 	char			*name, *prefix = NULL;
 	int			 detached, already_attached, is_control = 0;
-	u_int			 sx, sy, dsx, dsy;
-	struct spawn_context	 sc;
+	u_int			 sx, sy, dsx, dsy, count = args_count(args);
+	struct spawn_context	 sc = { 0 };
 	enum cmd_retval		 retval;
 	struct cmd_find_state    fs;
 	struct args_value	*av;
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ cmd_new_session_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 	}
 
-	if (args_has(args, 't') && (args->argc != 0 || args_has(args, 'n'))) {
+	if (args_has(args, 't') && (count != 0 || args_has(args, 'n'))) {
 		cmdq_error(item, "command or window name given with target");
 		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 	}
@@ -277,15 +277,13 @@ cmd_new_session_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	s = session_create(prefix, newname, cwd, env, oo, tiop);
 
 	/* Spawn the initial window. */
-	memset(&sc, 0, sizeof sc);
 	sc.item = item;
 	sc.s = s;
 	if (!detached)
 		sc.tc = c;
 
 	sc.name = args_get(args, 'n');
-	sc.argc = args->argc;
-	sc.argv = args->argv;
+	args_vector(args, &sc.argc, &sc.argv);
 
 	sc.idx = -1;
 	sc.cwd = args_get(args, 'c');
@@ -358,12 +356,16 @@ cmd_new_session_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	cmd_find_from_session(&fs, s, 0);
 	cmdq_insert_hook(s, item, &fs, "after-new-session");
 
+	if (sc.argv != NULL)
+		cmd_free_argv(sc.argc, sc.argv);
 	free(cwd);
 	free(newname);
 	free(prefix);
 	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 
 fail:
+	if (sc.argv != NULL)
+		cmd_free_argv(sc.argc, sc.argv);
 	free(cwd);
 	free(newname);
 	free(prefix);
diff --git a/cmd-new-window.c b/cmd-new-window.c
index a9156a6f..f24de8e9 100644
--- a/cmd-new-window.c
+++ b/cmd-new-window.c
@@ -55,12 +55,11 @@ cmd_new_window_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	struct client		*c = cmdq_get_client(item);
 	struct cmd_find_state	*current = cmdq_get_current(item);
 	struct cmd_find_state	*target = cmdq_get_target(item);
-	struct spawn_context	 sc;
+	struct spawn_context	 sc = { 0 };
 	struct client		*tc = cmdq_get_target_client(item);
 	struct session		*s = target->s;
-	struct winlink		*wl = target->wl;
+	struct winlink		*wl = target->wl, *new_wl = NULL;
 	int			 idx = target->idx, before;
-	struct winlink		*new_wl = NULL;
 	char			*cause = NULL, *cp;
 	const char		*template, *name;
 	struct cmd_find_state	 fs;
@@ -101,14 +100,12 @@ cmd_new_window_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 			idx = target->idx;
 	}
 
-	memset(&sc, 0, sizeof sc);
 	sc.item = item;
 	sc.s = s;
 	sc.tc = tc;
 
 	sc.name = args_get(args, 'n');
-	sc.argc = args->argc;
-	sc.argv = args->argv;
+	args_vector(args, &sc.argc, &sc.argv);
 	sc.environ = environ_create();
 
 	av = args_first_value(args, 'e');
@@ -129,6 +126,8 @@ cmd_new_window_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	if ((new_wl = spawn_window(&sc, &cause)) == NULL) {
 		cmdq_error(item, "create window failed: %s", cause);
 		free(cause);
+		if (sc.argv != NULL)
+			cmd_free_argv(sc.argc, sc.argv);
 		environ_free(sc.environ);
 		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 	}
@@ -150,6 +149,8 @@ cmd_new_window_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	cmd_find_from_winlink(&fs, new_wl, 0);
 	cmdq_insert_hook(s, item, &fs, "after-new-window");
 
+	if (sc.argv != NULL)
+		cmd_free_argv(sc.argc, sc.argv);
 	environ_free(sc.environ);
 	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 }
diff --git a/cmd-pipe-pane.c b/cmd-pipe-pane.c
index 0a518e1b..d1917bc6 100644
--- a/cmd-pipe-pane.c
+++ b/cmd-pipe-pane.c
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ cmd_pipe_pane_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	}
 
 	/* If no pipe command, that is enough. */
-	if (args->argc == 0 || *args->argv[0] == '\0')
+	if (args_count(args) == 0 || *args_string(args, 0) == '\0')
 		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 
 	/*
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ cmd_pipe_pane_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	/* Expand the command. */
 	ft = format_create(cmdq_get_client(item), item, FORMAT_NONE, 0);
 	format_defaults(ft, tc, s, wl, wp);
-	cmd = format_expand_time(ft, args->argv[0]);
+	cmd = format_expand_time(ft, args_string(args, 0));
 	format_free(ft);
 
 	/* Fork the child. */
diff --git a/cmd-queue.c b/cmd-queue.c
index 198a2a43..687d037f 100644
--- a/cmd-queue.c
+++ b/cmd-queue.c
@@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ cmdq_insert_hook(struct session *s, struct cmdq_item *item,
 	struct options			*oo;
 	va_list				 ap;
 	char				*name, tmp[32], flag, *arguments;
-	int				 i;
+	u_int				 i;
 	const char			*value;
 	struct cmdq_item		*new_item;
 	struct cmdq_state		*new_state;
@@ -394,9 +394,9 @@ cmdq_insert_hook(struct session *s, struct cmdq_item *item,
 	cmdq_add_format(new_state, "hook_arguments", "%s", arguments);
 	free(arguments);
 
-	for (i = 0; i < args->argc; i++) {
+	for (i = 0; i < args_count(args); i++) {
 		xsnprintf(tmp, sizeof tmp, "hook_argument_%d", i);
-		cmdq_add_format(new_state, tmp, "%s", args->argv[i]);
+		cmdq_add_format(new_state, tmp, "%s", args_string(args, i));
 	}
 	flag = args_first(args, &ae);
 	while (flag != 0) {
diff --git a/cmd-refresh-client.c b/cmd-refresh-client.c
index 22efb38b..93845024 100644
--- a/cmd-refresh-client.c
+++ b/cmd-refresh-client.c
@@ -127,10 +127,11 @@ cmd_refresh_client_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	    args_has(args, 'U') ||
 	    args_has(args, 'D'))
 	{
-		if (args->argc == 0)
+		if (args_count(args) == 0)
 			adjust = 1;
 		else {
-			adjust = strtonum(args->argv[0], 1, INT_MAX, &errstr);
+			adjust = strtonum(args_string(args, 0), 1, INT_MAX,
+			    &errstr);
 			if (errstr != NULL) {
 				cmdq_error(item, "adjustment %s", errstr);
 				return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
diff --git a/cmd-rename-session.c b/cmd-rename-session.c
index 49fafe33..8ec070bf 100644
--- a/cmd-rename-session.c
+++ b/cmd-rename-session.c
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ cmd_rename_session_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	struct session		*s = target->s;
 	char			*newname, *tmp;
 
-	tmp = format_single_from_target(item, args->argv[0]);
+	tmp = format_single_from_target(item, args_string(args, 0));
 	newname = session_check_name(tmp);
 	if (newname == NULL) {
 		cmdq_error(item, "invalid session: %s", tmp);
diff --git a/cmd-rename-window.c b/cmd-rename-window.c
index 593e0b9e..66c119f2 100644
--- a/cmd-renam