Send external announcements

2 files changed, 318 insertions, 37 deletions

diff --git a/discover/discover.go b/discover/discover.go
index 8501831986..c8407d72c4 100644
--- a/discover/discover.go
+++ b/discover/discover.go
@@ -4,31 +4,75 @@ served by something more standardized, such as mDNS / DNS-SD. In practice, this
 was much easier and quicker to get up and running.
 
 The mode of operation is to periodically (currently once every 30 seconds)
-transmit a broadcast UDP packet to the well known port number 21025. The packet
-has the following format:
+broadcast an Announcement packet to UDP port 21025. The packet has the
+following format:
 
      0                   1                   2                   3
      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
-    |                         Magic Number                          |
+    |                   Magic Number (0x20121025)                   |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
-    |          Port Number          |        Length of NodeID       |
+    |          Port Number          |           Reserved            |
+    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+    |                        Length of NodeID                       |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     /                                                               /
     \                   NodeID (variable length)                    \
     /                                                               /
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 
+This is the XDR encoding of:
+
+struct Announcement {
+	unsigned int Magic;
+	unsigned short Port;
+	string NodeID<>;
+}
+
+(Hence NodeID is padded to a multiple of 32 bits)
+
 The sending node's address is not encoded -- it is taken to be the source
 address of the announcement. Every time such a packet is received, a local
 table that maps NodeID to Address is updated. When the local node wants to
 connect to another node with the address specification 'dynamic', this table is
 consulted.
+
+For external discovery, an identical packet is sent every 30 minutes to the
+external discovery server. The server keeps information for up to 60 minutes.
+To query the server, and UDP packet with the format below is sent.
+
+     0                   1                   2                   3
+     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+    |                   Magic Number (0x19760309)                   |
+    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+    |                        Length of NodeID                       |
+    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+    /                                                               /
+    \                   NodeID (variable length)                    \
+    /                                                               /
+    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+
+This is the XDR encoding of:
+
+struct Announcement {
+	unsigned int Magic;
+	string NodeID<>;
+}
+
+(Hence NodeID is padded to a multiple of 32 bits)
+
+It is answered with an announcement packet for the queried node ID if the
+information is available. There is no answer for queries about unknown nodes. A
+reasonable timeout is recommended instead. (This, combined with server side
+rate limits for packets per source IP and queries per node ID, prevents the
+server from being used as an amplifier in a DDoS attack.)
 */
 package discover
 
 import (
 	"encoding/binary"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"log"
 	"net"
@@ -36,14 +80,34 @@ import (
 	"time"
 )
 
+const (
+	AnnouncementPort  = 21025
+	AnnouncementMagic = 0x20121025
+	QueryMagic        = 0x19760309
+)
+
+var (
+	errBadMagic = errors.New("bad magic")
+	errFormat   = errors.New("incorrect packet format")
+)
+
 type Discoverer struct {
-	MyID          string
-	ListenPort    int
-	BroadcastIntv time.Duration
+	MyID             string
+	ListenPort       int
+	BroadcastIntv    time.Duration
+	ExtListenPort    int
+	ExtBroadcastIntv time.Duration
 
 	conn         *net.UDPConn
 	registry     map[string]string
 	registryLock sync.RWMutex
+	extServer    string
+}
+
+type packet struct {
+	magic uint32 // AnnouncementMagic or QueryMagic
+	port  uint16 // unset if magic == QueryMagic
+	id    string
 }
 
 // We tolerate a certain amount of errors because we might be running in
@@ -51,50 +115,71 @@ type Discoverer struct {
 // When we hit this many errors in succession, we stop.
 const maxErrors = 30
 
-func NewDiscoverer(id string, port int) (*Discoverer, error) {
-	local4 := &net.UDPAddr{IP: net.IP{0, 0, 0, 0}, Port: 21025}
+func NewDiscoverer(id string, port int, extPort int, extServer string) (*Discoverer, error) {
+	local4 := &net.UDPAddr{IP: net.IP{0, 0, 0, 0}, Port: AnnouncementPort}
 	conn, err := net.ListenUDP("udp4", local4)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
 	disc := &Discoverer{
-		MyID:          id,
-		ListenPort:    port,
-		BroadcastIntv: 30 * time.Second,
-		conn:          conn,
-		registry:      make(map[string]string),
+		MyID:             id,
+		ListenPort:       port,
+		BroadcastIntv:    30 * time.Second,
+		ExtListenPort:    extPort,
+		ExtBroadcastIntv: 1800 * time.Second,
+
+		conn:      conn,
+		registry:  make(map[string]string),
+		extServer: extServer,
 	}
 
-	go disc.sendAnnouncements()
 	go disc.recvAnnouncements()
 
+	if disc.ListenPort > 0 {
+		disc.sendAnnouncements()
+	}
+	if len(disc.extServer) > 0 && disc.ExtListenPort > 0 {
+		disc.sendExtAnnouncements()
+	}
+
 	return disc, nil
 }
 
 func (d *Discoverer) sendAnnouncements() {
-	remote4 := &net.UDPAddr{IP: net.IP{255, 255, 255, 255}, Port: 21025}
+	remote4 := &net.UDPAddr{IP: net.IP{255, 255, 255, 255}, Port: AnnouncementPort}
 
-	idbs := []byte(d.MyID)
-	buf := make([]byte, 4+4+4+len(idbs))
+	buf := encodePacket(packet{AnnouncementMagic, uint16(d.ListenPort), d.MyID})
+	go d.writeAnnouncements(buf, remote4, d.BroadcastIntv)
+}
 
-	binary.BigEndian.PutUint32(buf, uint32(0x121025))
-	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(buf[4:], uint16(d.ListenPort))
-	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(buf[6:], uint16(len(idbs)))
-	copy(buf[8:], idbs)
+func (d *Discoverer) sendExtAnnouncements() {
+	extIPs, err := net.LookupIP(d.extServer)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Printf("discover/external: %v; no external announcements", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	buf := encodePacket(packet{AnnouncementMagic, uint16(d.ExtListenPort), d.MyID})
+	for _, extIP := range extIPs {
+		remote4 := &net.UDPAddr{IP: extIP, Port: AnnouncementPort}
+		go d.writeAnnouncements(buf, remote4, d.ExtBroadcastIntv)
+	}
+}
 
+func (d *Discoverer) writeAnnouncements(buf []byte, remote *net.UDPAddr, intv time.Duration) {
 	var errCounter = 0
 	var err error
 	for errCounter < maxErrors {
-		_, _, err = d.conn.WriteMsgUDP(buf, nil, remote4)
+		_, _, err = d.conn.WriteMsgUDP(buf, nil, remote)
 		if err != nil {
 			errCounter++
 		} else {
 			errCounter = 0
 		}
-		time.Sleep(d.BroadcastIntv)
+		time.Sleep(intv)
 	}
-	log.Println("discover/write: stopping due to too many errors:", err)
+	log.Println("discover/write: %v: stopping due to too many errors:", remote, err)
 }
 
 func (d *Discoverer) recvAnnouncements() {
@@ -102,26 +187,27 @@ func (d *Discoverer) recvAnnouncements() {
 	var errCounter = 0
 	var err error
 	for errCounter < maxErrors {
-		_, addr, err := d.conn.ReadFromUDP(buf)
+		n, addr, err := d.conn.ReadFromUDP(buf)
 		if err != nil {
+			errCounter++
 			time.Sleep(time.Second)
 			continue
 		}
-		errCounter = 0
-		magic := binary.BigEndian.Uint32(buf)
-		if magic != 0x121025 {
+
+		pkt, err := decodePacket(buf[:n])
+		if err != nil || pkt.magic != AnnouncementMagic {
+			errCounter++
+			time.Sleep(time.Second)
 			continue
 		}
-		port := binary.BigEndian.Uint16(buf[4:])
-		l := binary.BigEndian.Uint16(buf[6:])
-		idbs := buf[8 : l+8]
-		id := string(idbs)
 
-		if id != d.MyID {
-			nodeAddr := fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", addr.IP.String(), port)
+		errCounter = 0
+
+		if pkt.id != d.MyID {
+			nodeAddr := fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", addr.IP.String(), pkt.port)
 			d.registryLock.Lock()
-			if d.registry[id] != nodeAddr {
-				d.registry[id] = nodeAddr
+			if d.registry[pkt.id] != nodeAddr {
+				d.registry[pkt.id] = nodeAddr
 			}
 			d.registryLock.Unlock()
 		}
@@ -135,3 +221,87 @@ func (d *Discoverer) Lookup(node string) (string, bool) {
 	addr, ok := d.registry[node]
 	return addr, ok
 }
+
+func encodePacket(pkt packet) []byte {
+	var idbs = []byte(pkt.id)
+	var l = len(idbs) + pad(len(idbs)) + 4 + 4
+	if pkt.magic == AnnouncementMagic {
+		l += 4
+	}
+
+	var buf = make([]byte, l)
+	var offset = 0
+
+	binary.BigEndian.PutUint32(buf[offset:], pkt.magic)
+	offset += 4
+
+	if pkt.magic == AnnouncementMagic {
+		binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(buf[offset:], uint16(pkt.port))
+		offset += 4
+	}
+
+	binary.BigEndian.PutUint32(buf[offset:], uint32(len(idbs)))
+	offset += 4
+	copy(buf[offset:], idbs)
+
+	return buf
+}
+
+func decodePacket(buf []byte) (*packet, error) {
+	var p packet
+	var offset int
+
+	if len(buf) < 4 {
+		// short packet
+		return nil, errFormat
+	}
+	p.magic = binary.BigEndian.Uint32(buf[offset:])
+	offset += 4
+
+	if p.magic != AnnouncementMagic && p.magic != QueryMagic {
+		return nil, errBadMagic
+	}
+
+	if p.magic == AnnouncementMagic {
+		if len(buf) < offset+4 {
+			// short packet
+			return nil, errFormat
+		}
+		p.port = binary.BigEndian.Uint16(buf[offset:])
+		offset += 2
+		reserved := binary.BigEndian.Uint16(buf[offset:])
+		if reserved != 0 {
+			return nil, errFormat
+		}
+		offset += 2
+	}
+
+	if len(buf) < offset+4 {
+		// short packet
+		return nil, errFormat
+	}
+	l := binary.BigEndian.Uint32(buf[offset:])
+	offset += 4
+
+	if len(buf) < offset+int(l)+pad(int(l)) {
+		// short packet
+		return nil, errFormat
+	}
+	idbs := buf[offset : offset+int(l)]
+	p.id = string(idbs)
+	offset += int(l) + pad(int(l))
+	if len(buf[offset:]) > 0 {
+		// extra data
+		return nil, errFormat
+	}
+
+	return &p, nil
+}
+
+func pad(l int) int {
+	d := l % 4
+	if d == 0 {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return 4 - d
+}
diff --git a/discover/discover_test.go b/discover/discover_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2caf17bc08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/discover/discover_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+package discover
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"reflect"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+var testdata = []struct {
+	data   []byte
+	packet *packet
+	err    error
+}{
+	{
+		[]byte{0x20, 0x12, 0x10, 0x25,
+			0x12, 0x34, 0x00, 0x00,
+			0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x05,
+			0x68, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x6c, 0x6f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00},
+		&packet{
+			magic: 0x20121025,
+			port:  0x1234,
+			id:    "hello",
+		},
+		nil,
+	},
+	{
+		[]byte{0x20, 0x12, 0x10, 0x25,
+			0x34, 0x56, 0x00, 0x00,
+			0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x08,
+			0x68, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x6c, 0x6f, 0x21, 0x21, 0x21},
+		&packet{
+			magic: 0x20121025,
+			port:  0x3456,
+			id:    "hello!!!",
+		},
+		nil,
+	},
+	{
+		[]byte{0x19, 0x76, 0x03, 0x09,
+			0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x06,
+			0x68, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x6c, 0x6f, 0x21, 0x00, 0x00},
+		&packet{
+			magic: 0x19760309,
+			id:    "hello!",
+		},
+		nil,
+	},
+	{
+		[]byte{0x20, 0x12, 0x10, 0x25,
+			0x12, 0x34, 0x12, 0x34, // reserved bits not set to zero
+			0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x06,
+			0x68, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x6c, 0x6f, 0x21, 0x00, 0x00},
+		nil,
+		errFormat,
+	},
+	{
+		[]byte{0x20, 0x12, 0x10, 0x25,
+			0x12, 0x34, 0x00, 0x00,
+			0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x06,
+			0x68, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x6c, 0x6f, 0x21}, // missing padding
+		nil,
+		errFormat,
+	},
+	{
+		[]byte{0x19, 0x77, 0x03, 0x09, // incorrect magic
+			0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x06,
+			0x68, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x6c, 0x6f, 0x21, 0x00, 0x00},
+		nil,
+		errBadMagic,
+	},
+	{
+		[]byte{0x19, 0x76, 0x03, 0x09,
+			0x6c, 0x6c, 0x6c, 0x6c, // length exceeds packet size
+			0x68, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x6c, 0x6f, 0x21, 0x00, 0x00},
+		nil,
+		errFormat,
+	},
+	{
+		[]byte{0x19, 0x76, 0x03, 0x09,
+			0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x06,
+			0x68, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x6c, 0x6f, 0x21, 0x00, 0x00,
+			0x23}, // extra data at the end
+		nil,
+		errFormat,
+	},
+}
+
+func TestDecodePacket(t *testing.T) {
+	for i, test := range testdata {
+		p, err := decodePacket(test.data)
+		if err != test.err {
+			t.Errorf("%d: unexpected error %v", i, err)
+		} else {
+			if !reflect.DeepEqual(p, test.packet) {
+				t.Errorf("%d: incorrect packet\n%v\n%v", i, test.packet, p)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEncodePacket(t *testing.T) {
+	for i, test := range testdata {
+		if test.err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		buf := encodePacket(*test.packet)
+		if bytes.Compare(buf, test.data) != 0 {
+			t.Errorf("%d: incorrect encoded packet\n% x\n% 0x", i, test.data, buf)
+		}
+	}
+}