1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
|
=pod
{- OpenSSL::safe::output_do_not_edit_headers(); -}
=head1 NAME
openssl-ca - sample minimal CA application
=head1 SYNOPSIS
B<openssl> B<ca>
[B<-help>]
[B<-verbose>]
[B<-config> I<filename>]
[B<-name> I<section>]
[B<-section> I<section>]
[B<-gencrl>]
[B<-revoke> I<file>]
[B<-valid> I<file>]
[B<-status> I<serial>]
[B<-updatedb>]
[B<-crl_reason> I<reason>]
[B<-crl_hold> I<instruction>]
[B<-crl_compromise> I<time>]
[B<-crl_CA_compromise> I<time>]
[B<-crl_lastupdate> I<date>]
[B<-crl_nextupdate> I<date>]
[B<-crldays> I<days>]
[B<-crlhours> I<hours>]
[B<-crlsec> I<seconds>]
[B<-crlexts> I<section>]
[B<-startdate> I<date>]
[B<-enddate> I<date>]
[B<-days> I<arg>]
[B<-md> I<arg>]
[B<-policy> I<arg>]
[B<-keyfile> I<filename>|I<uri>]
[B<-keyform> B<DER>|B<PEM>|B<P12>|B<ENGINE>]
[B<-key> I<arg>]
[B<-passin> I<arg>]
[B<-cert> I<file>]
[B<-certform> B<DER>|B<PEM>|B<P12>]
[B<-selfsign>]
[B<-in> I<file>]
[B<-inform> B<DER>|<PEM>]
[B<-out> I<file>]
[B<-notext>]
[B<-outdir> I<dir>]
[B<-infiles>]
[B<-spkac> I<file>]
[B<-ss_cert> I<file>]
[B<-preserveDN>]
[B<-noemailDN>]
[B<-batch>]
[B<-msie_hack>]
[B<-extensions> I<section>]
[B<-extfile> I<section>]
[B<-subj> I<arg>]
[B<-utf8>]
[B<-sigopt> I<nm>:I<v>]
[B<-vfyopt> I<nm>:I<v>]
[B<-create_serial>]
[B<-rand_serial>]
[B<-multivalue-rdn>]
{- $OpenSSL::safe::opt_r_synopsis -}
{- $OpenSSL::safe::opt_engine_synopsis -}{- $OpenSSL::safe::opt_provider_synopsis -}
[I<certreq>...]
=for openssl ifdef engine
=head1 DESCRIPTION
This command emulates a CA application.
See the B<WARNINGS> especially when considering to use it productively.
It can be used to sign certificate requests (CSRs) in a variety of forms
and generate certificate revocation lists (CRLs).
It also maintains a text database of issued certificates and their status.
When signing certificates, a single request can be specified
with the B<-in> option, or multiple requests can be processed by
specifying a set of B<certreq> files after all options.
Note that there are also very lean ways of generating certificates:
the B<req> and B<x509> commands can be used for directly creating certificates.
See L<openssl-req(1)> and L<openssl-x509(1)> for details.
The descriptions of the B<ca> command options are divided into each purpose.
=head1 OPTIONS
=over 4
=item B<-help>
Print out a usage message.
=item B<-verbose>
This prints extra details about the operations being performed.
=item B<-config> I<filename>
Specifies the configuration file to use.
Optional; for a description of the default value,
see L<openssl(1)/COMMAND SUMMARY>.
=item B<-name> I<section>, B<-section> I<section>
Specifies the configuration file section to use (overrides
B<default_ca> in the B<ca> section).
=item B<-in> I<filename>
An input filename containing a single certificate request (CSR) to be
signed by the CA.
=item B<-inform> B<DER>|B<PEM>
The format of the data in certificate request input files.
The default is PEM.
=item B<-ss_cert> I<filename>
A single self-signed certificate to be signed by the CA.
=item B<-spkac> I<filename>
A file containing a single Netscape signed public key and challenge
and additional field values to be signed by the CA. See the B<SPKAC FORMAT>
section for information on the required input and output format.
=item B<-infiles>
If present this should be the last option, all subsequent arguments
are taken as the names of files containing certificate requests.
=item B<-out> I<filename>
The output file to output certificates to. The default is standard
output. The certificate details will also be printed out to this
file in PEM format (except that B<-spkac> outputs DER format).
=item B<-outdir> I<directory>
The directory to output certificates to. The certificate will be
written to a filename consisting of the serial number in hex with
F<.pem> appended.
=item B<-cert> I<filename>
The CA certificate, which must match with B<-keyfile>.
=item B<-certform> B<DER>|B<PEM>|B<P12>
The format of the data in certificate input files.
This option has no effect and is retained for backward compatibility only.
=item B<-keyfile> I<filename>|I<uri>
The CA private key to sign certificate requests with.
This must match with B<-cert>.
=item B<-keyform> B<DER>|B<PEM>|B<P12>|B<ENGINE>
The format of the private key input file; the default is B<PEM>.
The only value with effect is B<ENGINE>; all others have become obsolete.
See L<openssl-format-options(1)> for details.
=item B<-sigopt> I<nm>:I<v>
Pass options to the signature algorithm during sign operations.
Names and values of these options are algorithm-specific.
=item B<-vfyopt> I<nm>:I<v>
Pass options to the signature algorithm during verify operations.
Names and values of these options are algorithm-specific.
This often needs to be given while signing too, because the self-signature of
a certificate signing request (CSR) is verified against the included public key,
and that verification may need its own set of options.
=item B<-key> I<password>
=for openssl foreign manual ps(1)
The password used to encrypt the private key. Since on some
systems the command line arguments are visible (e.g., when using
L<ps(1)> on Unix),
this option should be used with caution.
Better use B<-passin>.
=item B<-passin> I<arg>
The key password source for key files and certificate PKCS#12 files.
For more information about the format of B<arg>
see L<openssl-passphrase-options(1)>.
=item B<-selfsign>
Indicates the issued certificates are to be signed with the key
the certificate requests were signed with (given with B<-keyfile>).
Certificate requests signed with a different key are ignored.
If B<-spkac>, B<-ss_cert> or B<-gencrl> are given, B<-selfsign> is ignored.
A consequence of using B<-selfsign> is that the self-signed
certificate appears among the entries in the certificate database
(see the configuration option B<database>), and uses the same
serial number counter as all other certificates sign with the
self-signed certificate.
=item B<-notext>
Don't output the text form of a certificate to the output file.
=item B<-startdate> I<date>
This allows the start date to be explicitly set. The format of the
date is YYMMDDHHMMSSZ (the same as an ASN1 UTCTime structure), or
YYYYMMDDHHMMSSZ (the same as an ASN1 GeneralizedTime structure). In
both formats, seconds SS and timezone Z must be present.
=item B<-enddate> I<date>
This allows the expiry date to be explicitly set. The format of the
date is YYMMDDHHMMSSZ (the same as an ASN1 UTCTime structure), or
YYYYMMDDHHMMSSZ (the same as an ASN1 GeneralizedTime structure). In
both formats, seconds SS and timezone Z must be present.
=item B<-days> I<arg>
The number of days to certify the certificate for.
=item B<-md> I<alg>
The message digest to use.
Any digest supported by the L<openssl-dgst(1)> command can be used. For signing
algorithms that do not support a digest (i.e. Ed25519 and Ed448) any message
digest that is set is ignored. This option also applies to CRLs.
=item B<-policy> I<arg>
This option defines the CA "policy" to use. This is a section in
the configuration file which decides which fields should be mandatory
or match the CA certificate. Check out the B<POLICY FORMAT> section
for more information.
=item B<-msie_hack>
This is a deprecated option to make this command work with very old versions
of the IE certificate enrollment control "certenr3". It used UniversalStrings
for almost everything. Since the old control has various security bugs
its use is strongly discouraged.
=item B<-preserveDN>
Normally the DN order of a certificate is the same as the order of the
fields in the relevant policy section. When this option is set the order
is the same as the request. This is largely for compatibility with the
older IE enrollment control which would only accept certificates if their
DNs match the order of the request. This is not needed for Xenroll.
=item B<-noemailDN>
The DN of a certificate can contain the EMAIL field if present in the
request DN, however, it is good policy just having the e-mail set into
the altName extension of the certificate. When this option is set the
EMAIL field is removed from the certificate' subject and set only in
the, eventually present, extensions. The B<email_in_dn> keyword can be
used in the configuration file to enable this behaviour.
=item B<-batch>
This sets the batch mode. In this mode no questions will be asked
and all certificates will be certified automatically.
=item B<-extensions> I<section>
The section of the configuration file containing certificate extensions
to be added when a certificate is issued (defaults to B<x509_extensions>
unless the B<-extfile> option is used).
If no X.509 extensions are specified then a V1 certificate is created,
else a V3 certificate is created.
See the L<x509v3_config(5)> manual page for details of the
extension section format.
=item B<-extfile> I<file>
An additional configuration file to read certificate extensions from
(using the default section unless the B<-extensions> option is also
used).
=item B<-subj> I<arg>
Supersedes subject name given in the request.
The arg must be formatted as C</type0=value0/type1=value1/type2=...>.
Special characters may be escaped by C<\> (backslash), whitespace is retained.
Empty values are permitted, but the corresponding type will not be included
in the resulting certificate.
Giving a single C</> will lead to an empty sequence of RDNs (a NULL-DN).
Multi-valued RDNs can be formed by placing a C<+> character instead of a C</>
between the AttributeValueAssertions (AVAs) that specify the members of the set.
Example:
C</DC=org/DC=OpenSSL/DC=users/UID=123456+CN=John Doe>
=item B<-utf8>
This option causes field values to be interpreted as UTF8 strings, by
default they are interpreted as ASCII. This means that the field
values, whether prompted from a terminal or obtained from a
configuration file, must be valid UTF8 strings.
=item B<-create_serial>
If reading serial from the text file as specified in the configuration
fails, specifying this option creates a new random serial to be used as next
serial number.
To get random serial numbers, use the B<-rand_serial> flag instead; this
should only be used for simple error-recovery.
=item B<-rand_serial>
Generate a large random number to use as the serial number.
This overrides any option or configuration to use a serial number file.
=item B<-multivalue-rdn>
This option has been deprecated and has no effect.
{- $OpenSSL::safe::opt_r_item -}
{- $OpenSSL::safe::opt_engine_item -}
{- $OpenSSL::safe::opt_provider_item -}
=back
=head1 CRL OPTIONS
=over 4
=item B<-gencrl>
This option generates a CRL based on information in the index file.
=item B<-crl_lastupdate> I<time>
Allows the value of the CRL's lastUpdate field to be explicitly set; if
this option is not present, the current time is used. Accepts times in
YYMMDDHHMMSSZ format (the same as an ASN1 UTCTime structure) or
YYYYMMDDHHMMSSZ format (the same as an ASN1 GeneralizedTime structure).
=item B<-crl_nextupdate> I<time>
Allows the value of the CRL's nextUpdate field to be explicitly set; if
this option is present, any values given for B<-crldays>, B<-crlhours>
and B<-crlsec> are ignored. Accepts times in the same formats as
B<-crl_lastupdate>.
=item B<-crldays> I<num>
The number of days before the next CRL is due. That is the days from
now to place in the CRL nextUpdate field.
=item B<-crlhours> I<num>
The number of hours before the next CRL is due.
=item B<-crlsec> I<num>
The number of seconds before the next CRL is due.
=item B<-revoke> I<filename>
A filename containing a certificate to revoke.
=item B<-valid> I<filename>
A filename containing a certificate to add a Valid certificate entry.
=item B<-status> I<serial>
Displays the revocation status of the certificate with the specified
serial number and exits.
=item B<-updatedb>
Updates the database index to purge expired certificates.
=item B<-crl_reason> I<reason>
Revocation reason, where I<reason> is one of: B<unspecified>, B<keyCompromise>,
B<CACompromise>, B<affiliationChanged>, B<superseded>, B<cessationOfOperation>,
B<certificateHold> or B<removeFromCRL>. The matching of I<reason> is case
insensitive. Setting any revocation reason will make the CRL v2.
In practice B<removeFromCRL> is not particularly useful because it is only used
in delta CRLs which are not currently implemented.
=item B<-crl_hold> I<instruction>
This sets the CRL revocation reason code to B<certificateHold> and the hold
instruction to I<instruction> which must be an OID. Although any OID can be
used only B<holdInstructionNone> (the use of which is discouraged by RFC2459)
B<holdInstructionCallIssuer> or B<holdInstructionReject> will normally be used.
=item B<-crl_compromise> I<time>
This sets the revocation reason to B<keyCompromise> and the compromise time to
I<time>. I<time> should be in GeneralizedTime format that is I<YYYYMMDDHHMMSSZ>.
=item B<-crl_CA_compromise> I<time>
This is the same as B<crl_compromise> except the revocation reason is set to
B<CACompromise>.
=item B<-crlexts> I<section>
The section of the configuration file containing CRL extensions to
include. If no CRL extension section is present then a V1 CRL is
created, if the CRL extension section is present (even if it is
empty) then a V2 CRL is created. The CRL extensions specified are
CRL extensions and B<not> CRL entry extensions. It should be noted
that some software (for example Netscape) can't handle V2 CRLs. See
L<x509v3_config(5)> manual page for details of the
extension section format.
=back
=head1 CONFIGURATION FILE OPTIONS
The section of the configuration file containing options for this command
is found as follows: If the B<-name> command line option is used,
then it names the section to be used. Otherwise the section to
be used must be named in the B<default_ca> option of the B<ca> section
of the configuration file (or in the default section of the
configuration file). Besides B<default_ca>, the following options are
read directly from the B<ca> section:
RANDFILE
preserve
msie_hack
With the exception of B<RANDFILE>, this is probably a bug and may
change in future releases.
Many of the configuration file options are identical to command line
options. Where the option is present in the configuration file
and the command line the command line value is used. Where an
option is described as mandatory then it must be present in
the configuration file or the command line equivalent (if
any) used.
=over 4
=item B<oid_file>
This specifies a file containing additional B<OBJECT IDENTIFIERS>.
Each line of the file should consist of the numerical form of the
object identifier followed by whitespace then the short name followed
by whitespace and finally the long name.
=item B<oid_section>
This specifies a section in the configuration file containing extra
object identifiers. Each line should consist of the short name of the
object identifier followed by B<=> and the numerical form. The short
and long names are the same when this option is used.
=item B<new_certs_dir>
The same as the B<-outdir> command line option. It specifies
the directory where new certificates will be placed. Mandatory.
=item B<certificate>
The same as B<-cert>. It gives the file containing the CA
certificate. Mandatory.
=item B<private_key>
Same as the B<-keyfile> option. The file containing the
CA private key. Mandatory.
=item B<RANDFILE>
At startup the specified file is loaded into the random number generator,
and at exit 256 bytes will be written to it. (Note: Using a RANDFILE is
not necessary anymore, see the L</HISTORY> section.
=item B<default_days>
The same as the B<-days> option. The number of days to certify
a certificate for.
=item B<default_startdate>
The same as the B<-startdate> option. The start date to certify
a certificate for. If not set the current time is used.
=item B<default_enddate>
The same as the B<-enddate> option. Either this option or
B<default_days> (or the command line equivalents) must be
present.
=item B<default_crl_hours default_crl_days>
The same as the B<-crlhours> and the B<-crldays> options. These
will only be used if neither command line option is present. At
least one of these must be present to generate a CRL.
=item B<default_md>
The same as the B<-md> option. Mandatory except where the signing algorithm does
not require a digest (i.e. Ed25519 and Ed448).
=item B<database>
The text database file to use. Mandatory. This file must be present
though initially it will be empty.
=item B<unique_subject>
If the value B<yes> is given, the valid certificate entries in the
database must have unique subjects. if the value B<no> is given,
several valid certificate entries may have the exact same subject.
The default value is B<yes>, to be compatible with older (pre 0.9.8)
versions of OpenSSL. However, to make CA certificate roll-over easier,
it's recommended to use the value B<no>, especially if combined with
the B<-selfsign> command line option.
Note that it is valid in some circumstances for certificates to be created
without any subject. In the case where there are multiple certificates without
subjects this does not count as a duplicate.
=item B<serial>
A text file containing the next serial number to use in hex. Mandatory.
This file must be present and contain a valid serial number.
=item B<crlnumber>
A text file containing the next CRL number to use in hex. The crl number
will be inserted in the CRLs only if this file exists. If this file is
present, it must contain a valid CRL number.
=item B<x509_extensions>
A fallback to the B<-extensions> option.
=item B<crl_extensions>
A fallback to the B<-crlexts> option.
=item B<preserve>
The same as B<-preserveDN>
=item B<email_in_dn>
The same as B<-noemailDN>. If you want the EMAIL field to be removed
from the DN of the certificate simply set this to 'no'. If not present
the default is to allow for the EMAIL filed in the certificate's DN.
=item B<msie_hack>
The same as B<-msie_hack>
=item B<policy>
The same as B<-policy>. Mandatory. See the B<POLICY FORMAT> section
for more information.
=item B<name_opt>, B<cert_opt>
These options allow the format used to display the certificate details
when asking the user to confirm signing. All the options supported by
the B<x509> utilities B<-nameopt> and B<-certopt> switches can be used
here, except the B<no_signame> and B<no_sigdump> are permanently set
and cannot be disabled (this is because the certificate signature cannot
be displayed because the certificate has not been signed at this point).
For convenience the values B<ca_default> are accepted by both to produce
a reasonable output.
If neither option is present the format used in earlier versions of
OpenSSL is used. Use of the old format is B<strongly> discouraged because
it only displays fields mentioned in the B<policy> section, mishandles
multicharacter string types and does not display extensions.
=item B<copy_extensions>
Determines how extensions in certificate requests should be handled.
If set to B<none> or this option is not present then extensions are
ignored and not copied to the certificate. If set to B<copy> then any
extensions present in the request that are not already present are copied
to the certificate. If set to B<copyall> then all extensions in the
request are copied to the certificate: if the extension is already present
in the certificate it is deleted first. See the B<WARNINGS> section before
using this option.
The main use of this option is to allow a certificate request to supply
values for certain extensions such as subjectAltName.
=back
=head1 POLICY FORMAT
The policy section consists of a set of variables corresponding to
certificate DN fields. If the value is "match" then the field value
must match the same field in the CA certificate. If the value is
"supplied" then it must be present. If the value is "optional" then
it may be present. Any fields not mentioned in the policy section
are silently deleted, unless the B<-preserveDN> option is set but
this can be regarded more of a quirk than intended behaviour.
=head1 SPKAC FORMAT
The input to the B<-spkac> command line option is a Netscape
signed public key and challenge. This will usually come from
the B<KEYGEN> tag in an HTML form to create a new private key.
It is however possible to create SPKACs using L<openssl-spkac(1)>.
The file should contain the variable SPKAC set to the value of
the SPKAC and also the required DN components as name value pairs.
If you need to include the same component twice then it can be
preceded by a number and a '.'.
When processing SPKAC format, the output is DER if the B<-out>
flag is used, but PEM format if sending to stdout or the B<-outdir>
flag is used.
=head1 EXAMPLES
Note: these examples assume that the directory structure this command
assumes is already set up and the relevant files already exist. This
usually involves creating a CA certificate and private key with
L<openssl-req(1)>, a serial number file and an empty index file and
placing them in the relevant directories.
To use the sample configuration file below the directories F<demoCA>,
F<demoCA/private> and F<demoCA/newcerts> would be created. The CA
certificate would be copied to F<demoCA/cacert.pem> and its private
key to F<demoCA/private/cakey.pem>. A file F<demoCA/serial> would be
created containing for example "01" and the empty index file
F<demoCA/index.txt>.
Sign a certificate request:
openssl ca -in req.pem -out newcert.pem
Sign an SM2 certificate request:
openssl ca -in sm2.csr -out sm2.crt -md sm3 \
-sigopt "distid:1234567812345678" \
-vfyopt "distid:1234567812345678"
Sign a certificate request, using CA extensions:
openssl ca -in req.pem -extensions v3_ca -out newcert.pem
Generate a CRL
openssl ca -gencrl -out crl.pem
Sign several requests:
openssl ca -infiles req1.pem req2.pem req3.pem
Certify a Netscape SPKAC:
openssl ca -spkac spkac.txt
A sample SPKAC file (the SPKAC line has been truncated for clarity):
SPKAC=MIG0MGAwXDANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAANLADBIAkEAn7PDhCeV/xIxUg8V70YRxK2A5
CN=Steve Test
emailAddress=steve@openssl.org
0.OU=OpenSSL Group
1.OU=Another Group
A sample configuration file with the relevant sections for this command:
[ ca ]
default_ca = CA_default # The default ca section
[ CA_default ]
dir = ./demoCA # top dir
database = $dir/index.txt # index file.
new_certs_dir = $dir/newcerts # new certs dir
certificate = $dir/cacert.pem # The CA cert
serial = $dir/serial # serial no file
#rand_serial = yes # for random serial#'s
private_key = $dir/private/cakey.pem# CA private key
default_days = 365 # how long to certify for
default_crl_days= 30 # how long before next CRL
default_md = md5 # md to use
policy = policy_any # default policy
email_in_dn = no # Don't add the email into cert DN
name_opt = ca_default # Subject name display option
cert_opt = ca_default # Certificate display option
copy_extensions = none # Don't copy extensions from request
[ policy_any ]
countryName = supplied
stateOrProvinceName = optional
organizationName = optional
organizationalUnitName = optional
commonName = supplied
emailAddress = optional
=head1 FILES
Note: the location of all files can change either by compile time options,
configuration file entries, environment variables or command line options.
The values below reflect the default values.
/usr/local/ssl/lib/openssl.cnf - master configuration file
./demoCA - main CA directory
|