Remove extern from function declared in headers. (#13790)

By default functions are declared as extern in C/C++ headers. The goal
of this PR is to reduce the wall of text that many headers have and,
more importantly, to make the declaration of extern'd variables - of
which we have many dispersed in various places - easily and quickly
identifiable.

Automatically generated with:

    $ git grep -l '^extern.*(' '**.h' | \
            grep -v libjudy | \
            grep -v 'sqlite3.h' | \
            xargs sed -i -e 's/extern \(.*(.*$\)/\1/'

This is a NFC.