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2020-09-28bpf: change logging calls from verbose() to bpf_log() and use log pointerToke Høiland-Jørgensen
In preparation for moving code around, change a bunch of references to env->log (and the verbose() logging helper) to use bpf_log() and a direct pointer to struct bpf_verifier_log. While we're touching the function signature, mark the 'prog' argument to bpf_check_type_match() as const. Also enhance the bpf_verifier_log_needed() check to handle NULL pointers for the log struct so we can re-use the code with logging disabled. Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@fb.com> Signed-off-by: Toke Høiland-Jørgensen <toke@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
2020-09-28bpf: disallow attaching modify_return tracing functions to other BPF programsToke Høiland-Jørgensen
From the checks and commit messages for modify_return, it seems it was never the intention that it should be possible to attach a tracing program with expected_attach_type == BPF_MODIFY_RETURN to another BPF program. However, check_attach_modify_return() will only look at the function name, so if the target function starts with "security_", the attach will be allowed even for bpf2bpf attachment. Fix this oversight by also blocking the modification if a target program is supplied. Fixes: 18644cec714a ("bpf: Fix use-after-free in fmod_ret check") Fixes: 6ba43b761c41 ("bpf: Attachment verification for BPF_MODIFY_RETURN") Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@fb.com> Signed-off-by: Toke Høiland-Jørgensen <toke@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
2020-09-28bpf: sockmap: Enable map_update_elem from bpf_iterLorenz Bauer
Allow passing a pointer to a BTF struct sock_common* when updating a sockmap or sockhash. Since BTF pointers can fault and therefore be NULL at runtime we need to add an additional !sk check to sock_map_update_elem. Since we may be passed a request or timewait socket we also need to check sk_fullsock. Doing this allows calling map_update_elem on sockmap from bpf_iter context, which uses BTF pointers. Signed-off-by: Lorenz Bauer <lmb@cloudflare.com> Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200928090805.23343-2-lmb@cloudflare.com
2020-09-28bpf, cpumap: Remove rcpu pointer from cpu_map_build_skb signatureLorenzo Bianconi
Get rid of bpf_cpu_map_entry pointer in cpu_map_build_skb routine signature since it is no longer needed. Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Bianconi <lorenzo@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/33cb9b7dc447de3ea6fd6ce713ac41bca8794423.1601292015.git.lorenzo@kernel.org
2020-09-28bpf: Enable BPF_PROG_TEST_RUN for raw_tracepointSong Liu
Add .test_run for raw_tracepoint. Also, introduce a new feature that runs the target program on a specific CPU. This is achieved by a new flag in bpf_attr.test, BPF_F_TEST_RUN_ON_CPU. When this flag is set, the program is triggered on cpu with id bpf_attr.test.cpu. This feature is needed for BPF programs that handle perf_event and other percpu resources, as the program can access these resource locally. Signed-off-by: Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com> Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net> Acked-by: John Fastabend <john.fastabend@gmail.com> Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@fb.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200925205432.1777-2-songliubraving@fb.com
2020-09-25bpf, verifier: Remove redundant var_off.value ops in scalar known reg casesJohn Fastabend
In BPF_AND and BPF_OR alu cases we have this pattern when the src and dst tnum is a constant. 1 dst_reg->var_off = tnum_[op](dst_reg->var_off, src_reg.var_off) 2 scalar32_min_max_[op] 3 if (known) return 4 scalar_min_max_[op] 5 if (known) 6 __mark_reg_known(dst_reg, dst_reg->var_off.value [op] src_reg.var_off.value) The result is in 1 we calculate the var_off value and store it in the dst_reg. Then in 6 we duplicate this logic doing the op again on the value. The duplication comes from the the tnum_[op] handlers because they have already done the value calcuation. For example this is tnum_and(). struct tnum tnum_and(struct tnum a, struct tnum b) { u64 alpha, beta, v; alpha = a.value | a.mask; beta = b.value | b.mask; v = a.value & b.value; return TNUM(v, alpha & beta & ~v); } So lets remove the redundant op calculation. Its confusing for readers and unnecessary. Its also not harmful because those ops have the property, r1 & r1 = r1 and r1 | r1 = r1. Signed-off-by: John Fastabend <john.fastabend@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
2020-09-25bpf: Change bpf_sk_storage_*() to accept ARG_PTR_TO_BTF_ID_SOCK_COMMONMartin KaFai Lau
This patch changes the bpf_sk_storage_*() to take ARG_PTR_TO_BTF_ID_SOCK_COMMON such that they will work with the pointer returned by the bpf_skc_to_*() helpers also. A micro benchmark has been done on a "cgroup_skb/egress" bpf program which does a bpf_sk_storage_get(). It was driven by netperf doing a 4096 connected UDP_STREAM test with 64bytes packet. The stats from "kernel.bpf_stats_enabled" shows no meaningful difference. The sk_storage_get_btf_proto, sk_storage_delete_btf_proto, btf_sk_storage_get_proto, and btf_sk_storage_delete_proto are no longer needed, so they are removed. Signed-off-by: Martin KaFai Lau <kafai@fb.com> Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Acked-by: Lorenz Bauer <lmb@cloudflare.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200925000402.3856307-1-kafai@fb.com
2020-09-25bpf: Enable bpf_skc_to_* sock casting helper to networking prog typeMartin KaFai Lau
There is a constant need to add more fields into the bpf_tcp_sock for the bpf programs running at tc, sock_ops...etc. A current workaround could be to use bpf_probe_read_kernel(). However, other than making another helper call for reading each field and missing CO-RE, it is also not as intuitive to use as directly reading "tp->lsndtime" for example. While already having perfmon cap to do bpf_probe_read_kernel(), it will be much easier if the bpf prog can directly read from the tcp_sock. This patch tries to do that by using the existing casting-helpers bpf_skc_to_*() whose func_proto returns a btf_id. For example, the func_proto of bpf_skc_to_tcp_sock returns the btf_id of the kernel "struct tcp_sock". These helpers are also added to is_ptr_cast_function(). It ensures the returning reg (BPF_REF_0) will also carries the ref_obj_id. That will keep the ref-tracking works properly. The bpf_skc_to_* helpers are made available to most of the bpf prog types in filter.c. The bpf_skc_to_* helpers will be limited by perfmon cap. This patch adds a ARG_PTR_TO_BTF_ID_SOCK_COMMON. The helper accepting this arg can accept a btf-id-ptr (PTR_TO_BTF_ID + &btf_sock_ids[BTF_SOCK_TYPE_SOCK_COMMON]) or a legacy-ctx-convert-skc-ptr (PTR_TO_SOCK_COMMON). The bpf_skc_to_*() helpers are changed to take ARG_PTR_TO_BTF_ID_SOCK_COMMON such that they will accept pointer obtained from skb->sk. Instead of specifying both arg_type and arg_btf_id in the same func_proto which is how the current ARG_PTR_TO_BTF_ID does, the arg_btf_id of the new ARG_PTR_TO_BTF_ID_SOCK_COMMON is specified in the compatible_reg_types[] in verifier.c. The reason is the arg_btf_id is always the same. Discussion in this thread: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200922070422.1917351-1-kafai@fb.com/ The ARG_PTR_TO_BTF_ID_ part gives a clear expectation that the helper is expecting a PTR_TO_BTF_ID which could be NULL. This is the same behavior as the existing helper taking ARG_PTR_TO_BTF_ID. The _SOCK_COMMON part means the helper is also expecting the legacy SOCK_COMMON pointer. By excluding the _OR_NULL part, the bpf prog cannot call helper with a literal NULL which doesn't make sense in most cases. e.g. bpf_skc_to_tcp_sock(NULL) will be rejected. All PTR_TO_*_OR_NULL reg has to do a NULL check first before passing into the helper or else the bpf prog will be rejected. This behavior is nothing new and consistent with the current expectation during bpf-prog-load. [ ARG_PTR_TO_BTF_ID_SOCK_COMMON will be used to replace ARG_PTR_TO_SOCK* of other existing helpers later such that those existing helpers can take the PTR_TO_BTF_ID returned by the bpf_skc_to_*() helpers. The only special case is bpf_sk_lookup_assign() which can accept a literal NULL ptr. It has to be handled specially in another follow up patch if there is a need (e.g. by renaming ARG_PTR_TO_SOCKET_OR_NULL to ARG_PTR_TO_BTF_ID_SOCK_COMMON_OR_NULL). ] [ When converting the older helpers that take ARG_PTR_TO_SOCK* in the later patch, if the kernel does not support BTF, ARG_PTR_TO_BTF_ID_SOCK_COMMON will behave like ARG_PTR_TO_SOCK_COMMON because no reg->type could have PTR_TO_BTF_ID in this case. It is not a concern for the newer-btf-only helper like the bpf_skc_to_*() here though because these helpers must require BTF vmlinux to begin with. ] Signed-off-by: Martin KaFai Lau <kafai@fb.com> Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Acked-by: John Fastabend <john.fastabend@gmail.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200925000350.3855720-1-kafai@fb.com
2020-09-25bpf: Move the PTR_TO_BTF_ID check to check_reg_type()Martin KaFai Lau
check_reg_type() checks whether a reg can be used as an arg of a func_proto. For PTR_TO_BTF_ID, the check is actually not completely done until the reg->btf_id is pointing to a kernel struct that is acceptable by the func_proto. Thus, this patch moves the btf_id check into check_reg_type(). "arg_type" and "arg_btf_id" are passed to check_reg_type() instead of "compatible". The compatible_reg_types[] usage is localized in check_reg_type() now. The "if (!btf_id) verbose(...); " is also removed since it won't happen. Signed-off-by: Martin KaFai Lau <kafai@fb.com> Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Acked-by: Lorenz Bauer <lmb@cloudflare.com> Acked-by: John Fastabend <john.fastabend@gmail.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200925000344.3854828-1-kafai@fb.com
2020-09-23Merge branch 'rtt-speedup.2020.09.16a' of ↵Alexei Starovoitov
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/paulmck/linux-rcu into bpf-next Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
2020-09-23Revert "bpf: Fix potential call bpf_link_free() in atomic context"Alexei Starovoitov
This reverts commit 31f23a6a181c81543b10a1a9056b0e6c7ef1c747. This change made many selftests/bpf flaky: flow_dissector, sk_lookup, sk_assign and others. There was no issue in the code. Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
2020-09-23Merge git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/bpf/bpf-nextDavid S. Miller
Alexei Starovoitov says: ==================== pull-request: bpf-next 2020-09-23 The following pull-request contains BPF updates for your *net-next* tree. We've added 95 non-merge commits during the last 22 day(s) which contain a total of 124 files changed, 4211 insertions(+), 2040 deletions(-). The main changes are: 1) Full multi function support in libbpf, from Andrii. 2) Refactoring of function argument checks, from Lorenz. 3) Make bpf_tail_call compatible with functions (subprograms), from Maciej. 4) Program metadata support, from YiFei. 5) bpf iterator optimizations, from Yonghong. ==================== Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2020-09-23bpf: Explicitly size compatible_reg_typesLorenz Bauer
Arrays with designated initializers have an implicit length of the highest initialized value plus one. I used this to ensure that newly added entries in enum bpf_reg_type get a NULL entry in compatible_reg_types. This is difficult to understand since it requires knowledge of the peculiarities of designated initializers. Use __BPF_ARG_TYPE_MAX to size the array instead. Suggested-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Lorenz Bauer <lmb@cloudflare.com> Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@fb.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200923160156.80814-1-lmb@cloudflare.com
2020-09-22Merge git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/netdev/netDavid S. Miller
Two minor conflicts: 1) net/ipv4/route.c, adding a new local variable while moving another local variable and removing it's initial assignment. 2) drivers/net/dsa/microchip/ksz9477.c, overlapping changes. One pretty prints the port mode differently, whilst another changes the driver to try and obtain the port mode from the port node rather than the switch node. Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2020-09-22Merge git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/netdev/netLinus Torvalds
Pull networking fixes from Jakub Kicinski: - fix failure to add bond interfaces to a bridge, the offload-handling code was too defensive there and recent refactoring unearthed that. Users complained (Ido) - fix unnecessarily reflecting ECN bits within TOS values / QoS marking in TCP ACK and reset packets (Wei) - fix a deadlock with bpf iterator. Hopefully we're in the clear on this front now... (Yonghong) - BPF fix for clobbering r2 in bpf_gen_ld_abs (Daniel) - fix AQL on mt76 devices with FW rate control and add a couple of AQL issues in mac80211 code (Felix) - fix authentication issue with mwifiex (Maximilian) - WiFi connectivity fix: revert IGTK support in ti/wlcore (Mauro) - fix exception handling for multipath routes via same device (David Ahern) - revert back to a BH spin lock flavor for nsid_lock: there are paths which do require the BH context protection (Taehee) - fix interrupt / queue / NAPI handling in the lantiq driver (Hauke) - fix ife module load deadlock (Cong) - make an adjustment to netlink reply message type for code added in this release (the sole change touching uAPI here) (Michal) - a number of fixes for small NXP and Microchip switches (Vladimir) [ Pull request acked by David: "you can expect more of this in the future as I try to delegate more things to Jakub" ] * git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/netdev/net: (167 commits) net: mscc: ocelot: fix some key offsets for IP4_TCP_UDP VCAP IS2 entries net: dsa: seville: fix some key offsets for IP4_TCP_UDP VCAP IS2 entries net: dsa: felix: fix some key offsets for IP4_TCP_UDP VCAP IS2 entries inet_diag: validate INET_DIAG_REQ_PROTOCOL attribute net: bridge: br_vlan_get_pvid_rcu() should dereference the VLAN group under RCU net: Update MAINTAINERS for MediaTek switch driver net/mlx5e: mlx5e_fec_in_caps() returns a boolean net/mlx5e: kTLS, Avoid kzalloc(GFP_KERNEL) under spinlock net/mlx5e: kTLS, Fix leak on resync error flow net/mlx5e: kTLS, Add missing dma_unmap in RX resync net/mlx5e: kTLS, Fix napi sync and possible use-after-free net/mlx5e: TLS, Do not expose FPGA TLS counter if not supported net/mlx5e: Fix using wrong stats_grps in mlx5e_update_ndo_stats() net/mlx5e: Fix multicast counter not up-to-date in "ip -s" net/mlx5e: Fix endianness when calculating pedit mask first bit net/mlx5e: Enable adding peer miss rules only if merged eswitch is supported net/mlx5e: CT: Fix freeing ct_label mapping net/mlx5e: Fix memory leak of tunnel info when rule under multipath not ready net/mlx5e: Use synchronize_rcu to sync with NAPI net/mlx5e: Use RCU to protect rq->xdp_prog ...
2020-09-22Merge tag 'trace-v5.9-rc5' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rostedt/linux-trace Pull tracing fixes from Steven Rostedt: - Check kprobe is enabled before unregistering from ftrace as it isn't registered when disabled. - Remove kprobes enabled via command-line that is on init text when freed. - Add missing RCU synchronization for ftrace trampoline symbols removed from kallsyms. - Free trampoline on error path if ftrace_startup() fails. - Give more space for the longer PID numbers in trace output. - Fix a possible double free in the histogram code. - A couple of fixes that were discovered by sparse. * tag 'trace-v5.9-rc5' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rostedt/linux-trace: bootconfig: init: make xbc_namebuf static kprobes: tracing/kprobes: Fix to kill kprobes on initmem after boot tracing: fix double free ftrace: Let ftrace_enable_sysctl take a kernel pointer buffer tracing: Make the space reserved for the pid wider ftrace: Fix missing synchronize_rcu() removing trampoline from kallsyms ftrace: Free the trampoline when ftrace_startup() fails kprobes: Fix to check probe enabled before disarm_kprobe_ftrace()
2020-09-21selftests/bpf: Fix stat probe in d_path testJiri Olsa
Some kernels builds might inline vfs_getattr call within fstat syscall code path, so fentry/vfs_getattr trampoline is not called. Add security_inode_getattr to allowlist and switch the d_path test stat trampoline to security_inode_getattr. Keeping dentry_open and filp_close, because they are in their own files, so unlikely to be inlined, but in case they are, adding security_file_open. Adding flags that indicate trampolines were called and failing the test if any of them got missed, so it's easier to identify the issue next time. Fixes: e4d1af4b16f8 ("selftests/bpf: Add test for d_path helper") Suggested-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200918112338.2618444-1-jolsa@kernel.org
2020-09-21bpf: Use a table to drive helper arg type checksLorenz Bauer
The mapping between bpf_arg_type and bpf_reg_type is encoded in a big hairy if statement that is hard to follow. The debug output also leaves to be desired: if a reg_type doesn't match we only print one of the options, instead printing all the valid ones. Convert the if statement into a table which is then used to drive type checking. If none of the reg_types match we print all options, e.g.: R2 type=rdonly_buf expected=fp, pkt, pkt_meta, map_value Signed-off-by: Lorenz Bauer <lmb@cloudflare.com> Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Acked-by: Martin KaFai Lau <kafai@fb.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200921121227.255763-12-lmb@cloudflare.com
2020-09-21bpf: Hoist type checking for nullable arg typesLorenz Bauer
check_func_arg has a plethora of weird if statements with empty branches. They work around the fact that *_OR_NULL argument types should accept a SCALAR_VALUE register, as long as it's value is 0. These statements make it difficult to reason about the type checking logic. Instead, skip more detailed type checking logic iff the register is 0, and the function expects a nullable type. This allows simplifying the type checking itself. Signed-off-by: Lorenz Bauer <lmb@cloudflare.com> Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@fb.com> Acked-by: Martin KaFai Lau <kafai@fb.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200921121227.255763-11-lmb@cloudflare.com
2020-09-21bpf: Check ARG_PTR_TO_SPINLOCK register type in check_func_argLorenz Bauer
Move the check for PTR_TO_MAP_VALUE to check_func_arg, where all other checking is done as well. Move the invocation of process_spin_lock away from the register type checking, to allow a future refactoring. Signed-off-by: Lorenz Bauer <lmb@cloudflare.com> Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Acked-by: Martin KaFai Lau <kafai@fb.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200921121227.255763-10-lmb@cloudflare.com
2020-09-21bpf: Set meta->raw_mode for pointers close to useLorenz Bauer
If we encounter a pointer to memory, we set meta->raw_mode depending on the type of memory we point at. What isn't obvious is that this information is only used when the next memory size argument is encountered. Move the assignment closer to where it's used, and add a comment that explains what is going on. Signed-off-by: Lorenz Bauer <lmb@cloudflare.com> Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Acked-by: Martin KaFai Lau <kafai@fb.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200921121227.255763-9-lmb@cloudflare.com
2020-09-21bpf: Make context access check genericLorenz Bauer
Always check context access if the register we're operating on is PTR_TO_CTX, rather than relying on ARG_PTR_TO_CTX. This allows simplifying the arg_type checking section of the function. Signed-off-by: Lorenz Bauer <lmb@cloudflare.com> Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Acked-by: Martin KaFai Lau <kafai@fb.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200921121227.255763-8-lmb@cloudflare.com
2020-09-21bpf: Make reference tracking genericLorenz Bauer
Instead of dealing with reg->ref_obj_id individually for every arg type that needs it, rely on the fact that ref_obj_id is zero if the register is not reference tracked. Signed-off-by: Lorenz Bauer <lmb@cloudflare.com> Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@fb.com> Acked-by: Martin KaFai Lau <kafai@fb.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200921121227.255763-7-lmb@cloudflare.com
2020-09-21bpf: Make BTF pointer type checking genericLorenz Bauer
Perform BTF type checks if the register we're working on contains a BTF pointer, rather than if the argument is for a BTF pointer. This is easier to understand, and allows removing the code from the arg_type checking section of the function. Signed-off-by: Lorenz Bauer <lmb@cloudflare.com> Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Acked-by: Martin KaFai Lau <kafai@fb.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200921121227.255763-6-lmb@cloudflare.com
2020-09-21bpf: Allow specifying a BTF ID per argument in function protosLorenz Bauer
Function prototypes using ARG_PTR_TO_BTF_ID currently use two ways to signal which BTF IDs are acceptable. First, bpf_func_proto.btf_id is an array of IDs, one for each argument. This array is only accessed up to the highest numbered argument that uses ARG_PTR_TO_BTF_ID and may therefore be less than five arguments long. It usually points at a BTF_ID_LIST. Second, check_btf_id is a function pointer that is called by the verifier if present. It gets the actual BTF ID of the register, and the argument number we're currently checking. It turns out that the only user check_arg_btf_id ignores the argument, and is simply used to check whether the BTF ID has a struct sock_common at it's start. Replace both of these mechanisms with an explicit BTF ID for each argument in a function proto. Thanks to btf_struct_ids_match this is very flexible: check_arg_btf_id can be replaced by requiring struct sock_common. Signed-off-by: Lorenz Bauer <lmb@cloudflare.com> Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Acked-by: Martin KaFai Lau <kafai@fb.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200921121227.255763-5-lmb@cloudflare.com
2020-09-21bpf: Check scalar or invalid register in check_helper_mem_accessLorenz Bauer
Move the check for a NULL or zero register to check_helper_mem_access. This makes check_stack_boundary easier to understand. Signed-off-by: Lorenz Bauer <lmb@cloudflare.com> Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@fb.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200921121227.255763-3-lmb@cloudflare.com
2020-09-21btf: Make btf_set_contains take a const pointerLorenz Bauer
bsearch doesn't modify the contents of the array, so we can take a const pointer. Signed-off-by: Lorenz Bauer <lmb@cloudflare.com> Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@fb.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200921121227.255763-2-lmb@cloudflare.com
2020-09-21Merge branch 'rcu/urgent' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/paulmck/linux-rcu Pull RCU fix from Paul McKenney: "This contains a single commit that fixes a bug that was introduced in the last merge window. This bug causes a compiler warning complaining about show_rcu_tasks_classic_gp_kthread() being an unused static function in !SMP kernels. The fix is straightforward, just adding an 'inline' to make this a static inline function, thus avoiding the warning. This bug was reported by Laurent Pinchart, who would like it fixed sooner rather than later" * 'rcu/urgent' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/paulmck/linux-rcu: rcu-tasks: Prevent complaints of unused show_rcu_tasks_classic_gp_kthread()
2020-09-21bpf: Fix potential call bpf_link_free() in atomic contextMuchun Song
The in_atomic() macro cannot always detect atomic context, in particular, it cannot know about held spinlocks in non-preemptible kernels. Although, there is no user call bpf_link_put() with holding spinlock now, be on the safe side, so we can avoid this in the future. Signed-off-by: Muchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com> Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net> Acked-by: Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com> Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@fb.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200917074453.20621-1-songmuchun@bytedance.com
2020-09-20Merge tag 'core_urgent_for_v5.9_rc6' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip Pull syscall tracing fix from Borislav Petkov: "Fix the seccomp syscall rewriting so that trace and audit see the rewritten syscall number, from Kees Cook" * tag 'core_urgent_for_v5.9_rc6' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: core/entry: Report syscall correctly for trace and audit
2020-09-20Merge tag 'locking_urgent_for_v5.9_rc6' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip Pull locking fixes from Borislav Petkov: "Two fixes from the locking/urgent pile: - Fix lockdep's detection of "USED" <- "IN-NMI" inversions (Peter Zijlstra) - Make percpu-rwsem operations on the semaphore's ->read_count IRQ-safe because it can be used in an IRQ context (Hou Tao)" * tag 'locking_urgent_for_v5.9_rc6' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: locking/percpu-rwsem: Use this_cpu_{inc,dec}() for read_count locking/lockdep: Fix "USED" <- "IN-NMI" inversions
2020-09-19Merge branch 'akpm' (patches from Andrew)Linus Torvalds
Merge fixes from Andrew Morton: "15 patches. Subsystems affected by this patch series: mailmap, mm/hotfixes, mm/thp, mm/memory-hotplug, misc, kcsan" * emailed patches from Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>: kcsan: kconfig: move to menu 'Generic Kernel Debugging Instruments' fs/fs-writeback.c: adjust dirtytime_interval_handler definition to match prototype stackleak: let stack_erasing_sysctl take a kernel pointer buffer ftrace: let ftrace_enable_sysctl take a kernel pointer buffer mm/memory_hotplug: drain per-cpu pages again during memory offline selftests/vm: fix display of page size in map_hugetlb mm/thp: fix __split_huge_pmd_locked() for migration PMD kprobes: fix kill kprobe which has been marked as gone tmpfs: restore functionality of nr_inodes=0 mlock: fix unevictable_pgs event counts on THP mm: fix check_move_unevictable_pages() on THP mm: migration of hugetlbfs page skip memcg ksm: reinstate memcg charge on copied pages mailmap: add older email addresses for Kees Cook
2020-09-19stackleak: let stack_erasing_sysctl take a kernel pointer bufferTobias Klauser
Commit 32927393dc1c ("sysctl: pass kernel pointers to ->proc_handler") changed ctl_table.proc_handler to take a kernel pointer. Adjust the signature of stack_erasing_sysctl to match ctl_table.proc_handler which fixes the following sparse warning: kernel/stackleak.c:31:50: warning: incorrect type in argument 3 (different address spaces) kernel/stackleak.c:31:50: expected void * kernel/stackleak.c:31:50: got void [noderef] __user *buffer Fixes: 32927393dc1c ("sysctl: pass kernel pointers to ->proc_handler") Signed-off-by: Tobias Klauser <tklauser@distanz.ch> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200907093253.13656-1-tklauser@distanz.ch Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2020-09-19ftrace: let ftrace_enable_sysctl take a kernel pointer bufferTobias Klauser
Commit 32927393dc1c ("sysctl: pass kernel pointers to ->proc_handler") changed ctl_table.proc_handler to take a kernel pointer. Adjust the signature of ftrace_enable_sysctl to match ctl_table.proc_handler which fixes the following sparse warning: kernel/trace/ftrace.c:7544:43: warning: incorrect type in argument 3 (different address spaces) kernel/trace/ftrace.c:7544:43: expected void * kernel/trace/ftrace.c:7544:43: got void [noderef] __user *buffer Fixes: 32927393dc1c ("sysctl: pass kernel pointers to ->proc_handler") Signed-off-by: Tobias Klauser <tklauser@distanz.ch> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200907093207.13540-1-tklauser@distanz.ch Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2020-09-19kprobes: fix kill kprobe which has been marked as goneMuchun Song
If a kprobe is marked as gone, we should not kill it again. Otherwise, we can disarm the kprobe more than once. In that case, the statistics of kprobe_ftrace_enabled can unbalance which can lead to that kprobe do not work. Fixes: e8386a0cb22f ("kprobes: support probing module __exit function") Co-developed-by: Chengming Zhou <zhouchengming@bytedance.com> Signed-off-by: Muchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com> Signed-off-by: Chengming Zhou <zhouchengming@bytedance.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Acked-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org> Cc: "Naveen N . Rao" <naveen.n.rao@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Anil S Keshavamurthy <anil.s.keshavamurthy@intel.com> Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200822030055.32383-1-songmuchun@bytedance.com Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2020-09-18Merge tag 's390-5.9-6' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/s390/linux Pull s390 fixes from Vasily Gorbik: - Fix order in trace_hardirqs_off_caller() to make locking state consistent even if the IRQ tracer calls into lockdep again. Touches common code. Acked-by Peter Zijlstra. - Correctly handle secure storage violation exception to avoid kernel panic triggered by user space misbehaviour. - Switch the idle->seqcount over to using raw_write_*() to avoid "suspicious RCU usage". - Fix memory leaks on hard unplug in pci code. - Use kvmalloc instead of kmalloc for larger allocations in zcrypt. - Add few missing __init annotations to static functions to avoid section mismatch complains when functions are not inlined. * tag 's390-5.9-6' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/s390/linux: s390: add 3f program exception handler lockdep: fix order in trace_hardirqs_off_caller() s390/pci: fix leak of DMA tables on hard unplug s390/init: add missing __init annotations s390/zcrypt: fix kmalloc 256k failure s390/idle: fix suspicious RCU usage
2020-09-19bpf: Use hlist_add_head_rcu when linking to local_storageMartin KaFai Lau
The local_storage->list will be traversed by rcu reader in parallel. Thus, hlist_add_head_rcu() is needed in bpf_selem_link_storage_nolock(). This patch fixes it. This part of the code has recently been refactored in bpf-next and this patch makes changes to the new file "bpf_local_storage.c". Instead of using the original offending commit in the Fixes tag, the commit that created the file "bpf_local_storage.c" is used. A separate fix has been provided to the bpf tree. Fixes: 450af8d0f6be ("bpf: Split bpf_local_storage to bpf_sk_storage") Signed-off-by: Martin KaFai Lau <kafai@fb.com> Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net> Acked-by: Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200916204453.2003915-1-kafai@fb.com
2020-09-18kprobes: tracing/kprobes: Fix to kill kprobes on initmem after bootMasami Hiramatsu
Since kprobe_event= cmdline option allows user to put kprobes on the functions in initmem, kprobe has to make such probes gone after boot. Currently the probes on the init functions in modules will be handled by module callback, but the kernel init text isn't handled. Without this, kprobes may access non-exist text area to disable or remove it. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/159972810544.428528.1839307531600646955.stgit@devnote2 Fixes: 970988e19eb0 ("tracing/kprobe: Add kprobe_event= boot parameter") Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org> Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org> Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
2020-09-18tracing: fix double freeTom Rix
clang static analyzer reports this problem trace_events_hist.c:3824:3: warning: Attempt to free released memory kfree(hist_data->attrs->var_defs.name[i]); In parse_var_defs() if there is a problem allocating var_defs.expr, the earlier var_defs.name is freed. This free is duplicated by free_var_defs() which frees the rest of the list. Because free_var_defs() has to run anyway, remove the second free fom parse_var_defs(). Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200907135845.15804-1-trix@redhat.com Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Fixes: 30350d65ac56 ("tracing: Add variable support to hist triggers") Reviewed-by: Tom Zanussi <tom.zanussi@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Tom Rix <trix@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
2020-09-18ftrace: Let ftrace_enable_sysctl take a kernel pointer bufferTobias Klauser
Commit 32927393dc1c ("sysctl: pass kernel pointers to ->proc_handler") changed ctl_table.proc_handler to take a kernel pointer. Adjust the signature of ftrace_enable_sysctl to match ctl_table.proc_handler which fixes the following sparse warning: kernel/trace/ftrace.c:7544:43: warning: incorrect type in argument 3 (different address spaces) kernel/trace/ftrace.c:7544:43: expected void * kernel/trace/ftrace.c:7544:43: got void [noderef] __user *buffer Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200907093207.13540-1-tklauser@distanz.ch Fixes: 32927393dc1c ("sysctl: pass kernel pointers to ->proc_handler") Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Signed-off-by: Tobias Klauser <tklauser@distanz.ch> Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
2020-09-18tracing: Make the space reserved for the pid widerSebastian Andrzej Siewior
For 64bit CONFIG_BASE_SMALL=0 systems PID_MAX_LIMIT is set by default to 4194304. During boot the kernel sets a new value based on number of CPUs but no lower than 32768. It is 1024 per CPU so with 128 CPUs the default becomes 131072 which needs six digits. This value can be increased during run time but must not exceed the initial upper limit. Systemd sometime after v241 sets it to the upper limit during boot. The result is that when the pid exceeds five digits, the trace output is a little hard to read because it is no longer properly padded (same like on big iron with 98+ CPUs). Increase the pid padding to seven digits. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200904082331.dcdkrr3bkn3e4qlg@linutronix.de Signed-off-by: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
2020-09-18ftrace: Fix missing synchronize_rcu() removing trampoline from kallsymsAdrian Hunter
Add synchronize_rcu() after list_del_rcu() in ftrace_remove_trampoline_from_kallsyms() to protect readers of ftrace_ops_trampoline_list (in ftrace_get_trampoline_kallsym) which is used when kallsyms is read. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200901091617.31837-1-adrian.hunter@intel.com Fixes: fc0ea795f53c8d ("ftrace: Add symbols for ftrace trampolines") Signed-off-by: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
2020-09-18ftrace: Free the trampoline when ftrace_startup() failsMiroslav Benes
Commit fc0ea795f53c ("ftrace: Add symbols for ftrace trampolines") missed to remove ops from new ftrace_ops_trampoline_list in ftrace_startup() if ftrace_hash_ipmodify_enable() fails there. It may lead to BUG if such ops come from a module which may be removed. Moreover, the trampoline itself is not freed in this case. Fix it by calling ftrace_trampoline_free() during the rollback. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200831122631.28057-1-mbenes@suse.cz Fixes: fc0ea795f53c ("ftrace: Add symbols for ftrace trampolines") Fixes: f8b8be8a310a ("ftrace, kprobes: Support IPMODIFY flag to find IP modify conflict") Signed-off-by: Miroslav Benes <mbenes@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
2020-09-18kprobes: Fix to check probe enabled before disarm_kprobe_ftrace()Masami Hiramatsu
Commit 0cb2f1372baa ("kprobes: Fix NULL pointer dereference at kprobe_ftrace_handler") fixed one bug but not completely fixed yet. If we run a kprobe_module.tc of ftracetest, kernel showed a warning as below. # ./ftracetest test.d/kprobe/kprobe_module.tc === Ftrace unit tests === [1] Kprobe dynamic event - probing module ... [ 22.400215] ------------[ cut here ]------------ [ 22.400962] Failed to disarm kprobe-ftrace at trace_printk_irq_work+0x0/0x7e [trace_printk] (-2) [ 22.402139] WARNING: CPU: 7 PID: 200 at kernel/kprobes.c:1091 __disarm_kprobe_ftrace.isra.0+0x7e/0xa0 [ 22.403358] Modules linked in: trace_printk(-) [ 22.404028] CPU: 7 PID: 200 Comm: rmmod Not tainted 5.9.0-rc2+ #66 [ 22.404870] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.13.0-1ubuntu1 04/01/2014 [ 22.406139] RIP: 0010:__disarm_kprobe_ftrace.isra.0+0x7e/0xa0 [ 22.406947] Code: 30 8b 03 eb c9 80 3d e5 09 1f 01 00 75 dc 49 8b 34 24 89 c2 48 c7 c7 a0 c2 05 82 89 45 e4 c6 05 cc 09 1f 01 01 e8 a9 c7 f0 ff <0f> 0b 8b 45 e4 eb b9 89 c6 48 c7 c7 70 c2 05 82 89 45 e4 e8 91 c7 [ 22.409544] RSP: 0018:ffffc90000237df0 EFLAGS: 00010286 [ 22.410385] RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: ffffffff83066024 RCX: 0000000000000000 [ 22.411434] RDX: 0000000000000001 RSI: ffffffff810de8d3 RDI: ffffffff810de8d3 [ 22.412687] RBP: ffffc90000237e10 R08: 0000000000000001 R09: 0000000000000001 [ 22.413762] R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000001 R12: ffff88807c478640 [ 22.414852] R13: ffffffff8235ebc0 R14: ffffffffa00060c0 R15: 0000000000000000 [ 22.415941] FS: 00000000019d48c0(0000) GS:ffff88807d7c0000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 [ 22.417264] CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 [ 22.418176] CR2: 00000000005bb7e3 CR3: 0000000078f7a000 CR4: 00000000000006a0 [ 22.419309] Call Trace: [ 22.419990] kill_kprobe+0x94/0x160 [ 22.420652] kprobes_module_callback+0x64/0x230 [ 22.421470] notifier_call_chain+0x4f/0x70 [ 22.422184] blocking_notifier_call_chain+0x49/0x70 [ 22.422979] __x64_sys_delete_module+0x1ac/0x240 [ 22.423733] do_syscall_64+0x38/0x50 [ 22.424366] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x44/0xa9 [ 22.425176] RIP: 0033:0x4bb81d [ 22.425741] Code: 00 c3 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 90 f3 0f 1e fa 48 89 f8 48 89 f7 48 89 d6 48 89 ca 4d 89 c2 4d 89 c8 4c 8b 4c 24 08 0f 05 <48> 3d 01 f0 ff ff 73 01 c3 48 c7 c1 e0 ff ff ff f7 d8 64 89 01 48 [ 22.428726] RSP: 002b:00007ffc70fef008 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 00000000000000b0 [ 22.430169] RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00000000019d48a0 RCX: 00000000004bb81d [ 22.431375] RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 0000000000000880 RDI: 00007ffc70fef028 [ 22.432543] RBP: 0000000000000880 R08: 00000000ffffffff R09: 00007ffc70fef320 [ 22.433692] R10: 0000000000656300 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 00007ffc70fef028 [ 22.434635] R13: 0000000000000000 R14: 0000000000000002 R15: 0000000000000000 [ 22.435682] irq event stamp: 1169 [ 22.436240] hardirqs last enabled at (1179): [<ffffffff810df542>] console_unlock+0x422/0x580 [ 22.437466] hardirqs last disabled at (1188): [<ffffffff810df19b>] console_unlock+0x7b/0x580 [ 22.438608] softirqs last enabled at (866): [<ffffffff81c0038e>] __do_softirq+0x38e/0x490 [ 22.439637] softirqs last disabled at (859): [<ffffffff81a00f42>] asm_call_on_stack+0x12/0x20 [ 22.440690] ---[ end trace 1e7ce7e1e4567276 ]--- [ 22.472832] trace_kprobe: This probe might be able to register after target module is loaded. Continue. This is because the kill_kprobe() calls disarm_kprobe_ftrace() even if the given probe is not enabled. In that case, ftrace_set_filter_ip() fails because the given probe point is not registered to ftrace. Fix to check the given (going) probe is enabled before invoking disarm_kprobe_ftrace(). Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/159888672694.1411785.5987998076694782591.stgit@devnote2 Fixes: 0cb2f1372baa ("kprobes: Fix NULL pointer dereference at kprobe_ftrace_handler") Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org> Cc: "Naveen N . Rao" <naveen.n.rao@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Anil S Keshavamurthy <anil.s.keshavamurthy@intel.com> Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Muchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com> Cc: Chengming Zhou <zhouchengming@bytedance.com> Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
2020-09-17bpf: Add abnormal return checks.Alexei Starovoitov
LD_[ABS|IND] instructions may return from the function early. bpf_tail_call pseudo instruction is either fallthrough or return. Allow them in the subprograms only when subprograms are BTF annotated and have scalar return types. Allow ld_abs and tail_call in the main program even if it calls into subprograms. In the past that was not ok to do for ld_abs, since it was JITed with special exit sequence. Since bpf_gen_ld_abs() was introduced the ld_abs looks like normal exit insn from JIT point of view, so it's safe to allow them in the main program. Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
2020-09-17bpf: allow for tailcalls in BPF subprograms for x64 JITMaciej Fijalkowski
Relax verifier's restriction that was meant to forbid tailcall usage when subprog count was higher than 1. Also, do not max out the stack depth of program that utilizes tailcalls. Signed-off-by: Maciej Fijalkowski <maciej.fijalkowski@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
2020-09-17bpf, x64: rework pro/epilogue and tailcall handling in JITMaciej Fijalkowski
This commit serves two things: 1) it optimizes BPF prologue/epilogue generation 2) it makes possible to have tailcalls within BPF subprogram Both points are related to each other since without 1), 2) could not be achieved. In [1], Alexei says: "The prologue will look like: nop5 xor eax,eax  // two new bytes if bpf_tail_call() is used in this // function push rbp mov rbp, rsp sub rsp, rounded_stack_depth push rax // zero init tail_call counter variable number of push rbx,r13,r14,r15 Then bpf_tail_call will pop variable number rbx,.. and final 'pop rax' Then 'add rsp, size_of_current_stack_frame' jmp to next function and skip over 'nop5; xor eax,eax; push rpb; mov rbp, rsp' This way new function will set its own stack size and will init tail call counter with whatever value the parent had. If next function doesn't use bpf_tail_call it won't have 'xor eax,eax'. Instead it would need to have 'nop2' in there." Implement that suggestion. Since the layout of stack is changed, tail call counter handling can not rely anymore on popping it to rbx just like it have been handled for constant prologue case and later overwrite of rbx with actual value of rbx pushed to stack. Therefore, let's use one of the register (%rcx) that is considered to be volatile/caller-saved and pop the value of tail call counter in there in the epilogue. Drop the BUILD_BUG_ON in emit_prologue and in emit_bpf_tail_call_indirect where instruction layout is not constant anymore. Introduce new poke target, 'tailcall_bypass' to poke descriptor that is dedicated for skipping the register pops and stack unwind that are generated right before the actual jump to target program. For case when the target program is not present, BPF program will skip the pop instructions and nop5 dedicated for jmpq $target. An example of such state when only R6 of callee saved registers is used by program: ffffffffc0513aa1: e9 0e 00 00 00 jmpq 0xffffffffc0513ab4 ffffffffc0513aa6: 5b pop %rbx ffffffffc0513aa7: 58 pop %rax ffffffffc0513aa8: 48 81 c4 00 00 00 00 add $0x0,%rsp ffffffffc0513aaf: 0f 1f 44 00 00 nopl 0x0(%rax,%rax,1) ffffffffc0513ab4: 48 89 df mov %rbx,%rdi When target program is inserted, the jump that was there to skip pops/nop5 will become the nop5, so CPU will go over pops and do the actual tailcall. One might ask why there simply can not be pushes after the nop5? In the following example snippet: ffffffffc037030c: 48 89 fb mov %rdi,%rbx (...) ffffffffc0370332: 5b pop %rbx ffffffffc0370333: 58 pop %rax ffffffffc0370334: 48 81 c4 00 00 00 00 add $0x0,%rsp ffffffffc037033b: 0f 1f 44 00 00 nopl 0x0(%rax,%rax,1) ffffffffc0370340: 48 81 ec 00 00 00 00 sub $0x0,%rsp ffffffffc0370347: 50 push %rax ffffffffc0370348: 53 push %rbx ffffffffc0370349: 48 89 df mov %rbx,%rdi ffffffffc037034c: e8 f7 21 00 00 callq 0xffffffffc0372548 There is the bpf2bpf call (at ffffffffc037034c) right after the tailcall and jump target is not present. ctx is in %rbx register and BPF subprogram that we will call into on ffffffffc037034c is relying on it, e.g. it will pick ctx from there. Such code layout is therefore broken as we would overwrite the content of %rbx with the value that was pushed on the prologue. That is the reason for the 'bypass' approach. Special care needs to be taken during the install/update/remove of tailcall target. In case when target program is not present, the CPU must not execute the pop instructions that precede the tailcall. To address that, the following states can be defined: A nop, unwind, nop B nop, unwind, tail C skip, unwind, nop D skip, unwind, tail A is forbidden (lead to incorrectness). The state transitions between tailcall install/update/remove will work as follows: First install tail call f: C->D->B(f) * poke the tailcall, after that get rid of the skip Update tail call f to f': B(f)->B(f') * poke the tailcall (poke->tailcall_target) and do NOT touch the poke->tailcall_bypass Remove tail call: B(f')->C(f') * poke->tailcall_bypass is poked back to jump, then we wait the RCU grace period so that other programs will finish its execution and after that we are safe to remove the poke->tailcall_target Install new tail call (f''): C(f')->D(f'')->B(f''). * same as first step This way CPU can never be exposed to "unwind, tail" state. Last but not least, when tailcalls get mixed with bpf2bpf calls, it would be possible to encounter the endless loop due to clearing the tailcall counter if for example we would use the tailcall3-like from BPF selftests program that would be subprogram-based, meaning the tailcall would be present within the BPF subprogram. This test, broken down to particular steps, would do: entry -> set tailcall counter to 0, bump it by 1, tailcall to func0 func0 -> call subprog_tail (we are NOT skipping the first 11 bytes of prologue and this subprogram has a tailcall, therefore we clear the counter...) subprog -> do the same thing as entry and then loop forever. To address this, the idea is to go through the call chain of bpf2bpf progs and look for a tailcall presence throughout whole chain. If we saw a single tail call then each node in this call chain needs to be marked as a subprog that can reach the tailcall. We would later feed the JIT with this info and: - set eax