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2013-02-27hlist: drop the node parameter from iteratorsSasha Levin
I'm not sure why, but the hlist for each entry iterators were conceived list_for_each_entry(pos, head, member) The hlist ones were greedy and wanted an extra parameter: hlist_for_each_entry(tpos, pos, head, member) Why did they need an extra pos parameter? I'm not quite sure. Not only they don't really need it, it also prevents the iterator from looking exactly like the list iterator, which is unfortunate. Besides the semantic patch, there was some manual work required: - Fix up the actual hlist iterators in linux/list.h - Fix up the declaration of other iterators based on the hlist ones. - A very small amount of places were using the 'node' parameter, this was modified to use 'obj->member' instead. - Coccinelle didn't handle the hlist_for_each_entry_safe iterator properly, so those had to be fixed up manually. The semantic patch which is mostly the work of Peter Senna Tschudin is here: @@ iterator name hlist_for_each_entry, hlist_for_each_entry_continue, hlist_for_each_entry_from, hlist_for_each_entry_rcu, hlist_for_each_entry_rcu_bh, hlist_for_each_entry_continue_rcu_bh, for_each_busy_worker, ax25_uid_for_each, ax25_for_each, inet_bind_bucket_for_each, sctp_for_each_hentry, sk_for_each, sk_for_each_rcu, sk_for_each_from, sk_for_each_safe, sk_for_each_bound, hlist_for_each_entry_safe, hlist_for_each_entry_continue_rcu, nr_neigh_for_each, nr_neigh_for_each_safe, nr_node_for_each, nr_node_for_each_safe, for_each_gfn_indirect_valid_sp, for_each_gfn_sp, for_each_host; type T; expression a,c,d,e; identifier b; statement S; @@ -T b; <+... when != b ( hlist_for_each_entry(a, - b, c, d) S | hlist_for_each_entry_continue(a, - b, c) S | hlist_for_each_entry_from(a, - b, c) S | hlist_for_each_entry_rcu(a, - b, c, d) S | hlist_for_each_entry_rcu_bh(a, - b, c, d) S | hlist_for_each_entry_continue_rcu_bh(a, - b, c) S | for_each_busy_worker(a, c, - b, d) S | ax25_uid_for_each(a, - b, c) S | ax25_for_each(a, - b, c) S | inet_bind_bucket_for_each(a, - b, c) S | sctp_for_each_hentry(a, - b, c) S | sk_for_each(a, - b, c) S | sk_for_each_rcu(a, - b, c) S | sk_for_each_from -(a, b) +(a) S + sk_for_each_from(a) S | sk_for_each_safe(a, - b, c, d) S | sk_for_each_bound(a, - b, c) S | hlist_for_each_entry_safe(a, - b, c, d, e) S | hlist_for_each_entry_continue_rcu(a, - b, c) S | nr_neigh_for_each(a, - b, c) S | nr_neigh_for_each_safe(a, - b, c, d) S | nr_node_for_each(a, - b, c) S | nr_node_for_each_safe(a, - b, c, d) S | - for_each_gfn_sp(a, c, d, b) S + for_each_gfn_sp(a, c, d) S | - for_each_gfn_indirect_valid_sp(a, c, d, b) S + for_each_gfn_indirect_valid_sp(a, c, d) S | for_each_host(a, - b, c) S | for_each_host_safe(a, - b, c, d) S | for_each_mesh_entry(a, - b, c, d) S ) ...+> [akpm@linux-foundation.org: drop bogus change from net/ipv4/raw.c] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: drop bogus hunk from net/ipv6/raw.c] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: checkpatch fixes] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix warnings] [akpm@linux-foudnation.org: redo intrusive kvm changes] Tested-by: Peter Senna Tschudin <peter.senna@gmail.com> Acked-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com> Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com> Cc: Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@redhat.com> Cc: Gleb Natapov <gleb@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2012-12-20Merge branch 'for-next' of git://git.infradead.org/users/eparis/notifyLinus Torvalds
Pull filesystem notification updates from Eric Paris: "This pull mostly is about locking changes in the fsnotify system. By switching the group lock from a spin_lock() to a mutex() we can now hold the lock across things like iput(). This fixes a problem involving unmounting a fs and having inodes be busy, first pointed out by FAT, but reproducible with tmpfs. This also restores signal driven I/O for inotify, which has been broken since about 2.6.32." Ugh. I *hate* the timing of this. It was rebased after the merge window opened, and then left to sit with the pull request coming the day before the merge window closes. That's just crap. But apparently the patches themselves have been around for over a year, just gathering dust, so now it's suddenly critical. Fixed up semantic conflict in fs/notify/fdinfo.c as per Stephen Rothwell's fixes from -next. * 'for-next' of git://git.infradead.org/users/eparis/notify: inotify: automatically restart syscalls inotify: dont skip removal of watch descriptor if creation of ignored event failed fanotify: dont merge permission events fsnotify: make fasync generic for both inotify and fanotify fsnotify: change locking order fsnotify: dont put marks on temporary list when clearing marks by group fsnotify: introduce locked versions of fsnotify_add_mark() and fsnotify_remove_mark() fsnotify: pass group to fsnotify_destroy_mark() fsnotify: use a mutex instead of a spinlock to protect a groups mark list fanotify: add an extra flag to mark_remove_from_mask that indicates wheather a mark should be destroyed fsnotify: take groups mark_lock before mark lock fsnotify: use reference counting for groups fsnotify: introduce fsnotify_get_group() inotify, fanotify: replace fsnotify_put_group() with fsnotify_destroy_group()
2012-12-17fs/notify/inode_mark.c: make fsnotify_find_inode_mark_locked() staticTushar Behera
Fixes following sparse warning: fs/notify/inode_mark.c:127:22: warning: symbol 'fsnotify_find_inode_mark_locked' was not declared. Should it be static? Signed-off-by: Tushar Behera <tushar.behera@linaro.org> Cc: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2012-12-11fsnotify: pass group to fsnotify_destroy_mark()Lino Sanfilippo
In fsnotify_destroy_mark() dont get the group from the passed mark anymore, but pass the group itself as an additional parameter to the function. Signed-off-by: Lino Sanfilippo <LinoSanfilippo@gmx.de> Signed-off-by: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
2012-12-11fsnotify: use a mutex instead of a spinlock to protect a groups mark listLino Sanfilippo
Replaces the groups mark_lock spinlock with a mutex. Using a mutex instead of a spinlock results in more flexibility (i.e it allows to sleep while the lock is held). Signed-off-by: Lino Sanfilippo <LinoSanfilippo@gmx.de> Signed-off-by: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
2011-07-26atomic: use <linux/atomic.h>Arun Sharma
This allows us to move duplicated code in <asm/atomic.h> (atomic_inc_not_zero() for now) to <linux/atomic.h> Signed-off-by: Arun Sharma <asharma@fb.com> Reviewed-by: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com> Acked-by: Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2011-03-24fs: rename inode_lock to inode_hash_lockDave Chinner
All that remains of the inode_lock is protecting the inode hash list manipulation and traversals. Rename the inode_lock to inode_hash_lock to reflect it's actual function. Signed-off-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2011-03-24fs: move i_sb_list out from under inode_lockDave Chinner
Protect the per-sb inode list with a new global lock inode_sb_list_lock and use it to protect the list manipulations and traversals. This lock replaces the inode_lock as the inodes on the list can be validity checked while holding the inode->i_lock and hence the inode_lock is no longer needed to protect the list. Signed-off-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2011-03-24fs: protect inode->i_state with inode->i_lockDave Chinner
Protect inode state transitions and validity checks with the inode->i_lock. This enables us to make inode state transitions independently of the inode_lock and is the first step to peeling away the inode_lock from the code. This requires that __iget() is done atomically with i_state checks during list traversals so that we don't race with another thread marking the inode I_FREEING between the state check and grabbing the reference. Also remove the unlock_new_inode() memory barrier optimisation required to avoid taking the inode_lock when clearing I_NEW. Simplify the code by simply taking the inode->i_lock around the state change and wakeup. Because the wakeup is no longer tricky, remove the wake_up_inode() function and open code the wakeup where necessary. Signed-off-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2010-10-28fsnotify: implement ordering between notifiersEric Paris
fanotify needs to be able to specify that some groups get events before others. They use this idea to make sure that a hierarchical storage manager gets access to files before programs which actually use them. This is purely infrastructure. Everything will have a priority of 0, but the infrastructure will exist for it to be non-zero. Signed-off-by: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
2010-10-25split invalidate_inodes()Al Viro
Pull removal of fsnotify marks into generic_shutdown_super(). Split umount-time work into a new function - evict_inodes(). Make sure that invalidate_inodes() will be able to cope with I_FREEING once we change locking in iput(). Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2010-08-10Merge branch 'for-linus' of git://git.infradead.org/users/eparis/notifyLinus Torvalds
* 'for-linus' of git://git.infradead.org/users/eparis/notify: (132 commits) fanotify: use both marks when possible fsnotify: pass both the vfsmount mark and inode mark fsnotify: walk the inode and vfsmount lists simultaneously fsnotify: rework ignored mark flushing fsnotify: remove global fsnotify groups lists fsnotify: remove group->mask fsnotify: remove the global masks fsnotify: cleanup should_send_event fanotify: use the mark in handler functions audit: use the mark in handler functions dnotify: use the mark in handler functions inotify: use the mark in handler functions fsnotify: send fsnotify_mark to groups in event handling functions fsnotify: Exchange list heads instead of moving elements fsnotify: srcu to protect read side of inode and vfsmount locks fsnotify: use an explicit flag to indicate fsnotify_destroy_mark has been called fsnotify: use _rcu functions for mark list traversal fsnotify: place marks on object in order of group memory address vfs/fsnotify: fsnotify_close can delay the final work in fput fsnotify: store struct file not struct path ... Fix up trivial delete/modify conflict in fs/notify/inotify/inotify.c.
2010-08-09simplify checks for I_CLEAR/I_FREEINGAl Viro
add I_CLEAR instead of replacing I_FREEING with it. I_CLEAR is equivalent to I_FREEING for almost all code looking at either; it's there to keep track of having called clear_inode() exactly once per inode lifetime, at some point after having set I_FREEING. I_CLEAR and I_FREEING never get set at the same time with the current code, so we can switch to setting i_flags to I_FREEING | I_CLEAR instead of I_CLEAR without loss of information. As the result of such change, checks become simpler and the amount of code that needs to know about I_CLEAR shrinks a lot. Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2010-07-28fsnotify: use an explicit flag to indicate fsnotify_destroy_mark has been calledEric Paris
Currently fsnotify check is mark->group is NULL to decide if fsnotify_destroy_mark() has already been called or not. With the upcoming rcu work it is a heck of a lot easier to use an explicit flag than worry about group being set to NULL. Signed-off-by: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
2010-07-28fsnotify: use _rcu functions for mark list traversalEric Paris
In preparation for srcu locking use all _rcu appropiete functions for mark list addition, removal, and traversal. The operations are still done under a spinlock at the end of this patch. Signed-off-by: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
2010-07-28fsnotify: place marks on object in order of group memory addressEric Paris
fsnotify_marks currently are placed on objects (inodes or vfsmounts) in arbitrary order. This patch places them in order of the group memory address. Signed-off-by: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
2010-07-28fanotify: clear all fanotify marksEric Paris
fanotify listeners may want to clear all marks. They may want to do this to destroy all of their inode marks which have nothing but ignores. Realistically this is useful for av vendors who update policy and want to clear all of their cached allows. Signed-off-by: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
2010-07-28fsnotify: allow marks to not pin inodes in coreEric Paris
inotify marks must pin inodes in core. dnotify doesn't technically need to since they are closed when the directory is closed. fanotify also need to pin inodes in core as it works today. But the next step is to introduce the concept of 'ignored masks' which is actually a mask of events for an inode of no interest. I claim that these should be liberally sent to the kernel and should not pin the inode in core. If the inode is brought back in the listener will get an event it may have thought excluded, but this is not a serious situation and one any listener should deal with. This patch lays the ground work for non-pinning inode marks by using lazy inode pinning. We do not pin a mark until it has a non-zero mask entry. If a listener new sets a mask we never pin the inode. Signed-off-by: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
2010-07-28fsnotify: split generic and inode specific mark codeEric Paris
currently all marking is done by functions in inode-mark.c. Some of this is pretty generic and should be instead done in a generic function and we should only put the inode specific code in inode-mark.c Signed-off-by: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
2010-07-28fsnotify: take inode->i_lock inside fsnotify_find_mark_entry()Andreas Gruenbacher
All callers to fsnotify_find_mark_entry() except one take and release inode->i_lock around the call. Take the lock inside fsnotify_find_mark_entry() instead. Signed-off-by: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruen@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
2010-07-28fsnotify: rename mark_entry to just markEric Paris
previously I used mark_entry when talking about marks on inodes. The _entry is pretty useless. Just use "mark" instead. Signed-off-by: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
2010-07-28fsnotify: rename fsnotify_find_mark_entry to fsnotify_find_markEric Paris
the _entry portion of fsnotify functions is useless. Drop it. Signed-off-by: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
2010-07-28fsnotify: rename fsnotify_mark_entry to just fsnotify_markEric Paris
The name is long and it serves no real purpose. So rename fsnotify_mark_entry to just fsnotify_mark. Signed-off-by: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
2010-07-28fsnotify: add flags to fsnotify_mark_entriesEric Paris
To differentiate between inode and vfsmount (or other future) types of marks we add a flags field and set the inode bit on inode marks (the only currently supported type of mark) Signed-off-by: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
2010-07-28fsnotify: put inode specific fields in an fsnotify_mark in a unionEric Paris
The addition of marks on vfs mounts will be simplified if the inode specific parts of a mark and the vfsmnt specific parts of a mark are actually in a union so naming can be easy. This patch just implements the inode struct and the union. Signed-off-by: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
2010-07-28fsnotify: mount point listeners list and global maskEric Paris
currently all of the notification systems implemented select which inodes they care about and receive messages only about those inodes (or the children of those inodes.) This patch begins to flesh out fsnotify support for the concept of listeners that want to hear notification for an inode accessed below a given monut point. This patch implements a second list of fsnotify groups to hold these types of groups and a second global mask to hold the events of interest for this type of group. The reason we want a second group list and mask is because the inode based notification should_send_event support which makes each group look for a mark on the given inode. With one nfsmount listener that means that every group would have to take the inode->i_lock, look for their mark, not find one, and return for every operation. By seperating vfsmount from inode listeners only when there is a inode listener will the inode groups have to look for their mark and take the inode lock. vfsmount listeners will have to grab the lock and look for a mark but there should be fewer of them, and one vfsmount listener won't cause the i_lock to be grabbed and released for every fsnotify group on every io operation. Signed-off-by: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
2010-07-28fsnotify: add groups to fsnotify_inode_groups when registering inode watchEric Paris
Currently all fsnotify groups are added immediately to the fsnotify_inode_groups list upon creation. This means, even groups with no watches (common for audit) will be on the global tracking list and will get checked for every event. This patch adds groups to the global list on when the first inode mark is added to the group. Signed-of-by: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
2010-07-28fsnotify: allow addition of duplicate fsnotify marksEric Paris
This patch allows a task to add a second fsnotify mark to an inode for the same group. This mark will be added to the end of the inode's list and this will never be found by the stand fsnotify_find_mark() function. This is useful if a user wants to add a new mark before removing the old one. Signed-off-by: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
2010-07-28fsnotify: duplicate fsnotify_mark_entry data between 2 marksEric Paris
Simple copy fsnotify information from one mark to another in preparation for the second mark to replace the first. Signed-off-by: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
2010-03-30include cleanup: Update gfp.h and slab.h includes to prepare for breaking ↵Tejun Heo
implicit slab.h inclusion from percpu.h percpu.h is included by sched.h and module.h and thus ends up being included when building most .c files. percpu.h includes slab.h which in turn includes gfp.h making everything defined by the two files universally available and complicating inclusion dependencies. percpu.h -> slab.h dependency is about to be removed. Prepare for this change by updating users of gfp and slab facilities include those headers directly instead of assuming availability. As this conversion needs to touch large number of source files, the following script is used as the basis of conversion. http://userweb.kernel.org/~tj/misc/slabh-sweep.py The script does the followings. * Scan files for gfp and slab usages and update includes such that only the necessary includes are there. ie. if only gfp is used, gfp.h, if slab is used, slab.h. * When the script inserts a new include, it looks at the include blocks and try to put the new include such that its order conforms to its surrounding. It's put in the include block which contains core kernel includes, in the same order that the rest are ordered - alphabetical, Christmas tree, rev-Xmas-tree or at the end if there doesn't seem to be any matching order. * If the script can't find a place to put a new include (mostly because the file doesn't have fitting include block), it prints out an error message indicating which .h file needs to be added to the file. The conversion was done in the following steps. 1. The initial automatic conversion of all .c files updated slightly over 4000 files, deleting around 700 includes and adding ~480 gfp.h and ~3000 slab.h inclusions. The script emitted errors for ~400 files. 2. Each error was manually checked. Some didn't need the inclusion, some needed manual addition while adding it to implementation .h or embedding .c file was more appropriate for others. This step added inclusions to around 150 files. 3. The script was run again and the output was compared to the edits from #2 to make sure no file was left behind. 4. Several build tests were done and a couple of problems were fixed. e.g. lib/decompress_*.c used malloc/free() wrappers around slab APIs requiring slab.h to be added manually. 5. The script was run on all .h files but without automatically editing them as sprinkling gfp.h and slab.h inclusions around .h files could easily lead to inclusion dependency hell. Most gfp.h inclusion directives were ignored as stuff from gfp.h was usually wildly available and often used in preprocessor macros. Each slab.h inclusion directive was examined and added manually as necessary. 6. percpu.h was updated not to include slab.h. 7. Build test were done on the following configurations and failures were fixed. CONFIG_GCOV_KERNEL was turned off for all tests (as my distributed build env didn't work with gcov compiles) and a few more options had to be turned off depending on archs to make things build (like ipr on powerpc/64 which failed due to missing writeq). * x86 and x86_64 UP and SMP allmodconfig and a custom test config. * powerpc and powerpc64 SMP allmodconfig * sparc and sparc64 SMP allmodconfig * ia64 SMP allmodconfig * s390 SMP allmodconfig * alpha SMP allmodconfig * um on x86_64 SMP allmodconfig 8. percpu.h modifications were reverted so that it could be applied as a separate patch and serve as bisection point. Given the fact that I had only a couple of failures from tests on step 6, I'm fairly confident about the coverage of this conversion patch. If there is a breakage, it's likely to be something in one of the arch headers which should be easily discoverable easily on most builds of the specific arch. Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Guess-its-ok-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <Lee.Schermerhorn@hp.com>
2009-10-18fsnotify: do not set group for a mark before it is on the i_listEric Paris
fsnotify_add_mark is supposed to add a mark to the g_list and i_list and to set the group and inode for the mark. fsnotify_destroy_mark_by_entry uses the fact that ->group != NULL to know if this group should be destroyed or if it's already been done. But fsnotify_add_mark sets the group and inode before it actually adds the mark to the i_list and g_list. This can result in a race in inotify, it requires 3 threads. sys_inotify_add_watch("file") sys_inotify_add_watch("file") sys_inotify_rm_watch([a]) inotify_update_watch() inotify_new_watch() inotify_add_to_idr() ^--- returns wd = [a] inotfiy_update_watch() inotify_new_watch() inotify_add_to_idr() fsnotify_add_mark() ^--- returns wd = [b] returns to userspace; inotify_idr_find([a]) ^--- gives us the pointer from task 1 fsnotify_add_mark() ^--- this is going to set the mark->group and mark->inode fields, but will return -EEXIST because of the race with [b]. fsnotify_destroy_mark() ^--- since ->group != NULL we call back into inotify_freeing_mark() which calls inotify_remove_from_idr([a]) since fsnotify_add_mark() failed we call: inotify_remove_from_idr([a]) <------WHOOPS it's not in the idr, this could have been any entry added later! The fix is to make sure we don't set mark->group until we are sure the mark is on the inode and fsnotify_add_mark will return success. Signed-off-by: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
2009-06-11fsnotify: allow groups to set freeing_mark to nullEric Paris
Most fsnotify listeners (all but inotify) do not care about marks being freed. Allow groups to set freeing_mark to null and do not call any function if it is set that way. Signed-off-by: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
2009-06-11fsnotify: handle filesystem unmounts with fsnotify marksEric Paris
When an fs is unmounted with an fsnotify mark entry attached to one of its inodes we need to destroy that mark entry and we also (like inotify) send an unmount event. Signed-off-by: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com> Acked-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
2009-06-11fsnotify: fsnotify marks on inodes pin them in coreEric Paris
This patch pins any inodes with an fsnotify mark in core. The idea is that as soon as the mark is removed from the inode->fsnotify_mark_entries list the inode will be iput. In reality is doesn't quite work exactly this way. The igrab will happen when the mark is added to an inode, but the iput will happen when the inode pointer is NULL'd inside the mark. It's possible that 2 racing things will try to remove the mark from different directions. One may try to remove the mark because of an explicit request and one might try to remove it because the inode was deleted. It's possible that the removal because of inode deletion will remove the mark from the inode's list, but the removal by explicit request will actually set entry->inode == NULL; and call the iput. This is safe. Signed-off-by: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com> Acked-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
2009-06-11fsnotify: parent event notificationEric Paris
inotify and dnotify both use a similar parent notification mechanism. We add a generic parent notification mechanism to fsnotify for both of these to use. This new machanism also adds the dentry flag optimization which exists for inotify to dnotify. Signed-off-by: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com> Acked-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
2009-06-11fsnotify: add marks to inodes so groups can interpret how to handle those inodesEric Paris
This patch creates a way for fsnotify groups to attach marks to inodes. These marks have little meaning to the generic fsnotify infrastructure and thus their meaning should be interpreted by the group that attached them to the inode's list. dnotify and inotify will make use of these markings to indicate which inodes are of interest to their respective groups. But this implementation has the useful property that in the future other listeners could actually use the marks for the exact opposite reason, aka to indicate which inodes it had NO interest in. Signed-off-by: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com> Acked-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>