diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'Documentation')
37 files changed, 3541 insertions, 590 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/dv1394 b/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/dv1394 new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..2ee36864ca10 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/dv1394 @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +What: dv1394 (a.k.a. "OHCI-DV I/O support" for FireWire) +Contact: linux1394-devel@lists.sourceforge.net +Description: + New application development should use raw1394 + userspace libraries + instead, notably libiec61883 which is functionally equivalent. + +Users: + ffmpeg/libavformat (used by a variety of media players) + dvgrab v1.x (replaced by dvgrab2 on top of raw1394 and resp. libraries) diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-usb b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-usb new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..f9937add033d --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-usb @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/.../power/autosuspend +Date: March 2007 +KernelVersion: 2.6.21 +Contact: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu> +Description: + Each USB device directory will contain a file named + power/autosuspend. This file holds the time (in seconds) + the device must be idle before it will be autosuspended. + 0 means the device will be autosuspended as soon as + possible. Negative values will prevent the device from + being autosuspended at all, and writing a negative value + will resume the device if it is already suspended. + + The autosuspend delay for newly-created devices is set to + the value of the usbcore.autosuspend module parameter. + +What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/.../power/level +Date: March 2007 +KernelVersion: 2.6.21 +Contact: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu> +Description: + Each USB device directory will contain a file named + power/level. This file holds a power-level setting for + the device, one of "on", "auto", or "suspend". + + "on" means that the device is not allowed to autosuspend, + although normal suspends for system sleep will still + be honored. "auto" means the device will autosuspend + and autoresume in the usual manner, according to the + capabilities of its driver. "suspend" means the device + is forced into a suspended state and it will not autoresume + in response to I/O requests. However remote-wakeup requests + from the device may still be enabled (the remote-wakeup + setting is controlled separately by the power/wakeup + attribute). + + During normal use, devices should be left in the "auto" + level. The other levels are meant for administrative uses. + If you want to suspend a device immediately but leave it + free to wake up in response to I/O requests, you should + write "0" to power/autosuspend. diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/kernel-api.tmpl b/Documentation/DocBook/kernel-api.tmpl index 0bb90237e230..b61dfc79e1b8 100644 --- a/Documentation/DocBook/kernel-api.tmpl +++ b/Documentation/DocBook/kernel-api.tmpl @@ -236,6 +236,12 @@ X!Ilib/string.c !Enet/core/dev.c !Enet/ethernet/eth.c !Iinclude/linux/etherdevice.h +!Edrivers/net/phy/phy.c +!Idrivers/net/phy/phy.c +!Edrivers/net/phy/phy_device.c +!Idrivers/net/phy/phy_device.c +!Edrivers/net/phy/mdio_bus.c +!Idrivers/net/phy/mdio_bus.c <!-- FIXME: Removed for now since no structured comments in source X!Enet/core/wireless.c --> diff --git a/Documentation/cpusets.txt b/Documentation/cpusets.txt index 842f0d1ab216..f2c0a6842930 100644 --- a/Documentation/cpusets.txt +++ b/Documentation/cpusets.txt @@ -557,6 +557,9 @@ Set some flags: Add some cpus: # /bin/echo 0-7 > cpus +Add some mems: +# /bin/echo 0-7 > mems + Now attach your shell to this cpuset: # /bin/echo $$ > tasks diff --git a/Documentation/feature-removal-schedule.txt b/Documentation/feature-removal-schedule.txt index 0bc8b0b2e103..5c88ba1ea262 100644 --- a/Documentation/feature-removal-schedule.txt +++ b/Documentation/feature-removal-schedule.txt @@ -6,6 +6,18 @@ be removed from this file. --------------------------- +What: V4L2 VIDIOC_G_MPEGCOMP and VIDIOC_S_MPEGCOMP +When: October 2007 +Why: Broken attempt to set MPEG compression parameters. These ioctls are + not able to implement the wide variety of parameters that can be set + by hardware MPEG encoders. A new MPEG control mechanism was created + in kernel 2.6.18 that replaces these ioctls. See the V4L2 specification + (section 1.9: Extended controls) for more information on this topic. +Who: Hans Verkuil <hverkuil@xs4all.nl> and + Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@infradead.org> + +--------------------------- + What: /sys/devices/.../power/state dev->power.power_state dpm_runtime_{suspend,resume)() @@ -39,17 +51,6 @@ Who: Dan Dennedy <dan@dennedy.org>, Stefan Richter <stefanr@s5r6.in-berlin.de> --------------------------- -What: dv1394 driver (CONFIG_IEEE1394_DV1394) -When: June 2007 -Why: Replaced by raw1394 + userspace libraries, notably libiec61883. This - shift of application support has been indicated on www.linux1394.org - and developers' mailinglists for quite some time. Major applications - have been converted, with the exception of ffmpeg and hence xine. - Piped output of dvgrab2 is a partial equivalent to dv1394. -Who: Dan Dennedy <dan@dennedy.org>, Stefan Richter <stefanr@s5r6.in-berlin.de> - ---------------------------- - What: Video4Linux API 1 ioctls and video_decoder.h from Video devices. When: December 2006 Why: V4L1 AP1 was replaced by V4L2 API. during migration from 2.4 to 2.6 @@ -145,15 +146,6 @@ Who: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com> --------------------------- -What: mount/umount uevents -When: February 2007 -Why: These events are not correct, and do not properly let userspace know - when a file system has been mounted or unmounted. Userspace should - poll the /proc/mounts file instead to detect this properly. -Who: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de> - ---------------------------- - What: USB driver API moves to EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL When: February 2008 Files: include/linux/usb.h, drivers/usb/core/driver.c @@ -222,15 +214,6 @@ Who: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de> --------------------------- -What: IPv4 only connection tracking/NAT/helpers -When: 2.6.22 -Why: The new layer 3 independant connection tracking replaces the old - IPv4 only version. After some stabilization of the new code the - old one will be removed. -Who: Patrick McHardy <kaber@trash.net> - ---------------------------- - What: ACPI hooks (X86_SPEEDSTEP_CENTRINO_ACPI) in speedstep-centrino driver When: December 2006 Why: Speedstep-centrino driver with ACPI hooks and acpi-cpufreq driver are @@ -305,18 +288,6 @@ Who: Richard Purdie <rpurdie@rpsys.net> --------------------------- -What: Wireless extensions over netlink (CONFIG_NET_WIRELESS_RTNETLINK) -When: with the merge of wireless-dev, 2.6.22 or later -Why: The option/code is - * not enabled on most kernels - * not required by any userspace tools (except an experimental one, - and even there only for some parts, others use ioctl) - * pointless since wext is no longer evolving and the ioctl - interface needs to be kept -Who: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net> - ---------------------------- - What: i8xx_tco watchdog driver When: in 2.6.22 Why: the i8xx_tco watchdog driver has been replaced by the iTCO_wdt @@ -324,3 +295,22 @@ Why: the i8xx_tco watchdog driver has been replaced by the iTCO_wdt Who: Wim Van Sebroeck <wim@iguana.be> --------------------------- + +What: Multipath cached routing support in ipv4 +When: in 2.6.23 +Why: Code was merged, then submitter immediately disappeared leaving + us with no maintainer and lots of bugs. The code should not have + been merged in the first place, and many aspects of it's + implementation are blocking more critical core networking + development. It's marked EXPERIMENTAL and no distribution + enables it because it cause obscure crashes due to unfixable bugs + (interfaces don't return errors so memory allocation can't be + handled, calling contexts of these interfaces make handling + errors impossible too because they get called after we've + totally commited to creating a route object, for example). + This problem has existed for years and no forward progress + has ever been made, and nobody steps up to try and salvage + this code, so we're going to finally just get rid of it. +Who: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> + +--------------------------- diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/afs.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/afs.txt index 2f4237dfb8c7..12ad6c7f4e50 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/afs.txt +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/afs.txt @@ -1,31 +1,82 @@ + ==================== kAFS: AFS FILESYSTEM ==================== -ABOUT -===== +Contents: + + - Overview. + - Usage. + - Mountpoints. + - Proc filesystem. + - The cell database. + - Security. + - Examples. + + +======== +OVERVIEW +======== -This filesystem provides a fairly simple AFS filesystem driver. It is under -development and only provides very basic facilities. It does not yet support -the following AFS features: +This filesystem provides a fairly simple secure AFS filesystem driver. It is +under development and does not yet provide the full feature set. The features +it does support include: - (*) Write support. - (*) Communications security. - (*) Local caching. - (*) pioctl() system call. - (*) Automatic mounting of embedded mountpoints. + (*) Security (currently only AFS kaserver and KerberosIV tickets). + (*) File reading. + (*) Automounting. + +It does not yet support the following AFS features: + + (*) Write support. + + (*) Local caching. + + (*) pioctl() system call. + + +=========== +COMPILATION +=========== + +The filesystem should be enabled by turning on the kernel configuration +options: + + CONFIG_AF_RXRPC - The RxRPC protocol transport + CONFIG_RXKAD - The RxRPC Kerberos security handler + CONFIG_AFS - The AFS filesystem + +Additionally, the following can be turned on to aid debugging: + + CONFIG_AF_RXRPC_DEBUG - Permit AF_RXRPC debugging to be enabled + CONFIG_AFS_DEBUG - Permit AFS debugging to be enabled + +They permit the debugging messages to be turned on dynamically by manipulating +the masks in the following files: + + /sys/module/af_rxrpc/parameters/debug + /sys/module/afs/parameters/debug + + +===== USAGE ===== When inserting the driver modules the root cell must be specified along with a list of volume location server IP addresses: - insmod rxrpc.o + insmod af_rxrpc.o + insmod rxkad.o insmod kafs.o rootcell=cambridge.redhat.com:172.16.18.73:172.16.18.91 -The first module is a driver for the RxRPC remote operation protocol, and the -second is the actual filesystem driver for the AFS filesystem. +The first module is the AF_RXRPC network protocol driver. This provides the +RxRPC remote operation protocol and may also be accessed from userspace. See: + + Documentation/networking/rxrpc.txt + +The second module is the kerberos RxRPC security driver, and the third module +is the actual filesystem driver for the AFS filesystem. Once the module has been loaded, more modules can be added by the following procedure: @@ -33,7 +84,7 @@ procedure: echo add grand.central.org 18.7.14.88:128.2.191.224 >/proc/fs/afs/cells Where the parameters to the "add" command are the name of a cell and a list of -volume location servers within that cell. +volume location servers within that cell, with the latter separated by colons. Filesystems can be mounted anywhere by commands similar to the following: @@ -42,11 +93,6 @@ Filesystems can be mounted anywhere by commands similar to the following: mount -t afs "#root.afs." /afs mount -t afs "#root.cell." /afs/cambridge - NB: When using this on Linux 2.4, the mount command has to be different, - since the filesystem doesn't have access to the device name argument: - - mount -t afs none /afs -ovol="#root.afs." - Where the initial character is either a hash or a percent symbol depending on whether you definitely want a R/W volume (hash) or whether you'd prefer a R/O volume, but are willing to use a R/W volume instead (percent). @@ -60,55 +106,66 @@ named volume will be looked up in the cell specified during insmod. Additional cells can be added through /proc (see later section). +=========== MOUNTPOINTS =========== -AFS has a concept of mountpoints. These are specially formatted symbolic links -(of the same form as the "device name" passed to mount). kAFS presents these -to the user as directories that have special properties: +AFS has a concept of mountpoints. In AFS terms, these are specially formatted +symbolic links (of the same form as the "device name" passed to mount). kAFS +presents these to the user as directories that have a follow-link capability +(ie: symbolic link semantics). If anyone attempts to access them, they will +automatically cause the target volume to be mounted (if possible) on that site. - (*) They cannot be listed. Running a program like "ls" on them will incur an - EREMOTE error (Object is remote). +Automatically mounted filesystems will be automatically unmounted approximately +twenty minutes after they were last used. Alternatively they can be unmounted +directly with the umount() system call. - (*) Other objects can't be looked up inside of them. This also incurs an - EREMOTE error. +Manually unmounting an AFS volume will cause any idle submounts upon it to be +culled first. If all are culled, then the requested volume will also be +unmounted, otherwise error EBUSY will be returned. - (*) They can be queried with the readlink() system call, which will return - the name of the mountpoint to which they point. The "readlink" program - will also work. +This can be used by the administrator to attempt to unmount the whole AFS tree +mounted on /afs in one go by doing: - (*) They can be mounted on (which symbolic links can't). + umount /afs +=============== PROC FILESYSTEM =============== -The rxrpc module creates a number of files in various places in the /proc -filesystem: - - (*) Firstly, some information files are made available in a directory called - "/proc/net/rxrpc/". These list the extant transport endpoint, peer, - connection and call records. - - (*) Secondly, some control files are made available in a directory called - "/proc/sys/rxrpc/". Currently, all these files can be used for is to - turn on various levels of tracing. - The AFS modules creates a "/proc/fs/afs/" directory and populates it: - (*) A "cells" file that lists cells currently known to the afs module. + (*) A "cells" file that lists cells currently known to the afs module and + their usage counts: + + [root@andromeda ~]# cat /proc/fs/afs/cells + USE NAME + 3 cambridge.redhat.com (*) A directory per cell that contains files that list volume location servers, volumes, and active servers known within that cell. + [root@andromeda ~]# cat /proc/fs/afs/cambridge.redhat.com/servers + USE ADDR STATE + 4 172.16.18.91 0 + [root@andromeda ~]# cat /proc/fs/afs/cambridge.redhat.com/vlservers + ADDRESS + 172.16.18.91 + [root@andromeda ~]# cat /proc/fs/afs/cambridge.redhat.com/volumes + USE STT VLID[0] VLID[1] VLID[2] NAME + 1 Val 20000000 20000001 20000002 root.afs + +================= THE CELL DATABASE ================= -The filesystem maintains an internal database of all the cells it knows and -the IP addresses of the volume location servers for those cells. The cell to -which the computer belongs is added to the database when insmod is performed -by the "rootcell=" argument. +The filesystem maintains an internal database of all the cells it knows and the +IP addresses of the volume location servers for those cells. The cell to which +the system belongs is added to the database when insmod is performed by the +"rootcell=" argument or, if compiled in, using a "kafs.rootcell=" argument on +the kernel command line. Further cells can be added by commands similar to the following: @@ -118,20 +175,65 @@ Further cells can be added by commands similar to the following: No other cell database operations are available at this time. +======== +SECURITY +======== + +Secure operations are initiated by acquiring a key using the klog program. A +very primitive klog program is available at: + + http://people.redhat.com/~dhowells/rxrpc/klog.c + +This should be compiled by: + + make klog LDLIBS="-lcrypto -lcrypt -lkrb4 -lkeyutils" + +And then run as: + + ./klog + +Assuming it's successful, this adds a key of type RxRPC, named for the service +and cell, eg: "afs@<cellname>". This can be viewed with the keyctl program or +by cat'ing /proc/keys: + + [root@andromeda ~]# keyctl show + Session Keyring + -3 --alswrv 0 0 keyring: _ses.3268 + 2 --alswrv 0 0 \_ keyring: _uid.0 + 111416553 --als--v 0 0 \_ rxrpc: afs@CAMBRIDGE.REDHAT.COM + +Currently the username, realm, password and proposed ticket lifetime are +compiled in to the program. + +It is not required to acquire a key before using AFS facilities, but if one is +not acquired then all operations will be governed by the anonymous user parts +of the ACLs. + +If a key is acquired, then all AFS operations, including mounts and automounts, +made by a possessor of that key will be secured with that key. + +If a file is opened with a particular key and then the file descriptor is +passed to a process that doesn't have that key (perhaps over an AF_UNIX +socket), then the operations on the file will be made with key that was used to +open the file. + + +======== EXAMPLES ======== -Here's what I use to test this. Some of the names and IP addresses are local -to my internal DNS. My "root.afs" partition has a mount point within it for +Here's what I use to test this. Some of the names and IP addresses are local +to my internal DNS. My "root.afs" partition has a mount point within it for some public volumes volumes. -insmod -S /tmp/rxrpc.o -insmod -S /tmp/kafs.o rootcell=cambridge.redhat.com:172.16.18.73:172.16.18.91 +insmod /tmp/rxrpc.o +insmod /tmp/rxkad.o +insmod /tmp/kafs.o rootcell=cambridge.redhat.com:172.16.18.91 mount -t afs \%root.afs. /afs mount -t afs \%cambridge.redhat.com:root.cell. /afs/cambridge.redhat.com/ -echo add grand.central.org 18.7.14.88:128.2.191.224 > /proc/fs/afs/cells +echo add grand.central.org 18.7.14.88:128.2.191.224 > /proc/fs/afs/cells mount -t afs "#grand.central.org:root.cell." /afs/grand.central.org/ mount -t afs "#grand.central.org:root.archive." /afs/grand.central.org/archive mount -t afs "#grand.central.org:root.contrib." /afs/grand.central.org/contrib @@ -141,15 +243,7 @@ mount -t afs "#grand.central.org:root.service." /afs/grand.central.org/service mount -t afs "#grand.central.org:root.software." /afs/grand.central.org/software mount -t afs "#grand.central.org:root.user." /afs/grand.central.org/user -umount /afs/grand.central.org/user -umount /afs/grand.central.org/software -umount /afs/grand.central.org/service -umount /afs/grand.central.org/project -umount /afs/grand.central.org/doc -umount /afs/grand.central.org/contrib -umount /afs/grand.central.org/archive -umount /afs/grand.central.org -umount /afs/cambridge.redhat.com umount /afs rmmod kafs +rmmod rxkad rmmod rxrpc diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt index 5484ab5efd4f..7aaf09b86a55 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt @@ -1421,6 +1421,15 @@ fewer messages that will be written. Message_burst controls when messages will be dropped. The default settings limit warning messages to one every five seconds. +warnings +-------- + +This controls console messages from the networking stack that can occur because +of problems on the network like duplicate address or bad checksums. Normally, +this should be enabled, but if the problem persists the messages can be +disabled. + + netdev_max_backlog ------------------ diff --git a/Documentation/gpio.txt b/Documentation/gpio.txt index 989f1130f4f3..f8528db967fa 100644 --- a/Documentation/gpio.txt +++ b/Documentation/gpio.txt @@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ The exact capabilities of GPIOs vary between systems. Common options: - Output values are writable (high=1, low=0). Some chips also have options about how that value is driven, so that for example only one value might be driven ... supporting "wire-OR" and similar schemes - for the other value. + for the other value (notably, "open drain" signaling). - Input values are likewise readable (1, 0). Some chips support readback of pins configured as "output", which is very useful in such "wire-OR" @@ -247,6 +247,35 @@ with gpio_get_value(), for example to initialize or update driver state when the IRQ is edge-triggered. +Emulating Open Drain Signals +---------------------------- +Sometimes shared signals need to use "open drain" signaling, where only the +low signal level is actually driven. (That term applies to CMOS transistors; +"open collector" is used for TTL.) A pullup resistor causes the high signal +level. This is sometimes called a "wire-AND"; or more practically, from the +negative logic (low=true) perspective this is a "wire-OR". + +One common example of an open drain signal is a shared active-low IRQ line. +Also, bidirectional data bus signals sometimes use open drain signals. + +Some GPIO controllers directly support open drain outputs; many don't. When +you need open drain signaling but your hardware doesn't directly support it, +there's a common idiom you can use to emulate it with any GPIO pin that can +be used as either an input or an output: + + LOW: gpio_direction_output(gpio, 0) ... this drives the signal + and overrides the pullup. + + HIGH: gpio_direction_input(gpio) ... this turns off the output, + so the pullup (or some other device) controls the signal. + +If you are "driving" the signal high but gpio_get_value(gpio) reports a low +value (after the appropriate rise time passes), you know some other component +is driving the shared signal low. That's not necessarily an error. As one +common example, that's how I2C clocks are stretched: a slave that needs a +slower clock delays the rising edge of SCK, and the I2C master adjusts its +signaling rate accordingly. + What do these conventions omit? =============================== diff --git a/Documentation/ia64/err_inject.txt b/Documentation/ia64/err_inject.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..6449a7090dbb --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/ia64/err_inject.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1068 @@ + +IPF Machine Check (MC) error inject tool +======================================== + +IPF Machine Check (MC) error inject tool is used to inject MC +errors from Linux. The tool is a test bed for IPF MC work flow including +hardware correctable error handling, OS recoverable error handling, MC +event logging, etc. + +The tool includes two parts: a kernel driver and a user application +sample. The driver provides interface to PAL to inject error +and query error injection capabilities. The driver code is in +arch/ia64/kernel/err_inject.c. The application sample (shown below) +provides a combination of various errors and calls the driver's interface +(sysfs interface) to inject errors or query error injection capabilities. + +The tool can be used to test Intel IPF machine MC handling capabilities. +It's especially useful for people who can not access hardware MC injection +tool to inject error. It's also very useful to integrate with other +software test suits to do stressful testing on IPF. + +Below is a sample application as part of the whole tool. The sample +can be used as a working test tool. Or it can be expanded to include +more features. It also can be a integrated into a libary or other user +application to have more thorough test. + +The sample application takes err.conf as error configuation input. Gcc +compiles the code. After you install err_inject driver, you can run +this sample application to inject errors. + +Errata: Itanium 2 Processors Specification Update lists some errata against +the pal_mc_error_inject PAL procedure. The following err.conf has been tested +on latest Montecito PAL. + +err.conf: + +#This is configuration file for err_inject_tool. +#The format of the each line is: +#cpu, loop, interval, err_type_info, err_struct_info, err_data_buffer +#where +# cpu: logical cpu number the error will be inject in. +# loop: times the error will be injected. +# interval: In second. every so often one error is injected. +# err_type_info, err_struct_info: PAL parameters. +# +#Note: All values are hex w/o or w/ 0x prefix. + + +#On cpu2, inject only total 0x10 errors, interval 5 seconds +#corrected, data cache, hier-2, physical addr(assigned by tool code). +#working on Montecito latest PAL. +2, 10, 5, 4101, 95 + +#On cpu4, inject and consume total 0x10 errors, interval 5 seconds +#corrected, data cache, hier-2, physical addr(assigned by tool code). +#working on Montecito latest PAL. +4, 10, 5, 4109, 95 + +#On cpu15, inject and consume total 0x10 errors, interval 5 seconds +#recoverable, DTR0, hier-2. +#working on Montecito latest PAL. +0xf, 0x10, 5, 4249, 15 + +The sample application source code: + +err_injection_tool.c: + +/* + * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify + * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by + * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or + * (at your option) any later version. + * + * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but + * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of + * MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, GOOD TITLE or + * NON INFRINGEMENT. See the GNU General Public License for more + * details. + * + * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License + * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software + * Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. + * + * Copyright (C) 2006 Intel Co + * Fenghua Yu <fenghua.yu@intel.com> + * + */ +#include <sys/types.h> +#include <sys/stat.h> +#include <fcntl.h> +#include <stdio.h> +#include <sched.h> +#include <unistd.h> +#include <stdlib.h> +#include <stdarg.h> +#include <string.h> +#include <errno.h> +#include <time.h>< |