diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'Documentation')
-rw-r--r-- | Documentation/admin-guide/README.rst | 410 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | Documentation/admin-guide/bad-memory.rst (renamed from Documentation/bad_memory.txt) | 1 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | Documentation/admin-guide/basic-profiling.rst (renamed from Documentation/basic_profiling.txt) | 1 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | Documentation/admin-guide/binfmt-misc.rst (renamed from Documentation/binfmt_misc.txt) | 0 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | Documentation/admin-guide/braille-console.rst (renamed from Documentation/braille-console.txt) | 0 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | Documentation/admin-guide/bug-hunting.rst (renamed from Documentation/BUG-HUNTING) | 0 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | Documentation/admin-guide/conf.py | 10 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | Documentation/admin-guide/devices.rst (renamed from Documentation/devices.txt) | 1 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | Documentation/admin-guide/dynamic-debug-howto.rst (renamed from Documentation/dynamic-debug-howto.txt) | 0 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | Documentation/admin-guide/index.rst | 34 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | Documentation/admin-guide/init.rst (renamed from Documentation/init.txt) | 0 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | Documentation/admin-guide/initrd.rst (renamed from Documentation/initrd.txt) | 0 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | Documentation/admin-guide/java.rst (renamed from Documentation/java.txt) | 1 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.rst (renamed from Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt) | 0 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | Documentation/admin-guide/md.rst (renamed from Documentation/md.txt) | 0 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | Documentation/admin-guide/mono.rst (renamed from Documentation/mono.txt) | 0 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | Documentation/admin-guide/oops-tracing.rst (renamed from Documentation/oops-tracing.txt) | 0 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | Documentation/admin-guide/parport.rst (renamed from Documentation/parport.txt) | 0 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | Documentation/admin-guide/ramoops.rst (renamed from Documentation/ramoops.txt) | 0 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | Documentation/admin-guide/reporting-bugs.rst | 182 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | Documentation/admin-guide/security-bugs.rst (renamed from Documentation/SecurityBugs) | 12 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | Documentation/admin-guide/serial-console.rst (renamed from Documentation/serial-console.txt) | 0 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | Documentation/admin-guide/sysfs-rules.rst (renamed from Documentation/sysfs-rules.txt) | 0 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | Documentation/admin-guide/sysrq.rst (renamed from Documentation/sysrq.txt) | 0 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | Documentation/admin-guide/unicode.rst (renamed from Documentation/unicode.txt) | 0 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | Documentation/admin-guide/vga-softcursor.rst (renamed from Documentation/VGA-softcursor.txt) | 0 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | Documentation/conf.py | 2 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | Documentation/index.rst | 1 |
28 files changed, 645 insertions, 10 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/README.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/README.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..05aad8543340 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/README.rst @@ -0,0 +1,410 @@ +Linux kernel release 4.x <http://kernel.org/> +============================================= + +These are the release notes for Linux version 4. Read them carefully, +as they tell you what this is all about, explain how to install the +kernel, and what to do if something goes wrong. + +What is Linux? +-------------- + + Linux is a clone of the operating system Unix, written from scratch by + Linus Torvalds with assistance from a loosely-knit team of hackers across + the Net. It aims towards POSIX and Single UNIX Specification compliance. + + It has all the features you would expect in a modern fully-fledged Unix, + including true multitasking, virtual memory, shared libraries, demand + loading, shared copy-on-write executables, proper memory management, + and multistack networking including IPv4 and IPv6. + + It is distributed under the GNU General Public License - see the + accompanying COPYING file for more details. + +On what hardware does it run? +----------------------------- + + Although originally developed first for 32-bit x86-based PCs (386 or higher), + today Linux also runs on (at least) the Compaq Alpha AXP, Sun SPARC and + UltraSPARC, Motorola 68000, PowerPC, PowerPC64, ARM, Hitachi SuperH, Cell, + IBM S/390, MIPS, HP PA-RISC, Intel IA-64, DEC VAX, AMD x86-64, AXIS CRIS, + Xtensa, Tilera TILE, AVR32, ARC and Renesas M32R architectures. + + Linux is easily portable to most general-purpose 32- or 64-bit architectures + as long as they have a paged memory management unit (PMMU) and a port of the + GNU C compiler (gcc) (part of The GNU Compiler Collection, GCC). Linux has + also been ported to a number of architectures without a PMMU, although + functionality is then obviously somewhat limited. + Linux has also been ported to itself. You can now run the kernel as a + userspace application - this is called UserMode Linux (UML). + +Documentation +------------- + + - There is a lot of documentation available both in electronic form on + the Internet and in books, both Linux-specific and pertaining to + general UNIX questions. I'd recommend looking into the documentation + subdirectories on any Linux FTP site for the LDP (Linux Documentation + Project) books. This README is not meant to be documentation on the + system: there are much better sources available. + + - There are various README files in the Documentation/ subdirectory: + these typically contain kernel-specific installation notes for some + drivers for example. See Documentation/00-INDEX for a list of what + is contained in each file. Please read the Changes file, as it + contains information about the problems, which may result by upgrading + your kernel. + + - The Documentation/DocBook/ subdirectory contains several guides for + kernel developers and users. These guides can be rendered in a + number of formats: PostScript (.ps), PDF, HTML, & man-pages, among others. + After installation, ``make psdocs``, ``make pdfdocs``, ``make htmldocs``, + or ``make mandocs`` will render the documentation in the requested format. + +Installing the kernel source +---------------------------- + + - If you install the full sources, put the kernel tarball in a + directory where you have permissions (e.g. your home directory) and + unpack it:: + + xz -cd linux-4.X.tar.xz | tar xvf - + + Replace "X" with the version number of the latest kernel. + + Do NOT use the /usr/src/linux area! This area has a (usually + incomplete) set of kernel headers that are used by the library header + files. They should match the library, and not get messed up by + whatever the kernel-du-jour happens to be. + + - You can also upgrade between 4.x releases by patching. Patches are + distributed in the xz format. To install by patching, get all the + newer patch files, enter the top level directory of the kernel source + (linux-4.X) and execute:: + + xz -cd ../patch-4.x.xz | patch -p1 + + Replace "x" for all versions bigger than the version "X" of your current + source tree, **in_order**, and you should be ok. You may want to remove + the backup files (some-file-name~ or some-file-name.orig), and make sure + that there are no failed patches (some-file-name# or some-file-name.rej). + If there are, either you or I have made a mistake. + + Unlike patches for the 4.x kernels, patches for the 4.x.y kernels + (also known as the -stable kernels) are not incremental but instead apply + directly to the base 4.x kernel. For example, if your base kernel is 4.0 + and you want to apply the 4.0.3 patch, you must not first apply the 4.0.1 + and 4.0.2 patches. Similarly, if you are running kernel version 4.0.2 and + want to jump to 4.0.3, you must first reverse the 4.0.2 patch (that is, + patch -R) **before** applying the 4.0.3 patch. You can read more on this in + :ref:`Documentation/applying-patches.txt <applying_patches>`. + + Alternatively, the script patch-kernel can be used to automate this + process. It determines the current kernel version and applies any + patches found:: + + linux/scripts/patch-kernel linux + + The first argument in the command above is the location of the + kernel source. Patches are applied from the current directory, but + an alternative directory can be specified as the second argument. + + - Make sure you have no stale .o files and dependencies lying around:: + + cd linux + make mrproper + + You should now have the sources correctly installed. + +Software requirements +--------------------- + + Compiling and running the 4.x kernels requires up-to-date + versions of various software packages. Consult + :ref:`Documentation/Changes <changes>` for the minimum version numbers + required and how to get updates for these packages. Beware that using + excessively old versions of these packages can cause indirect + errors that are very difficult to track down, so don't assume that + you can just update packages when obvious problems arise during + build or operation. + +Build directory for the kernel +------------------------------ + + When compiling the kernel, all output files will per default be + stored together with the kernel source code. + Using the option ``make O=output/dir`` allows you to specify an alternate + place for the output files (including .config). + Example:: + + kernel source code: /usr/src/linux-4.X + build directory: /home/name/build/kernel + + To configure and build the kernel, use:: + + cd /usr/src/linux-4.X + make O=/home/name/build/kernel menuconfig + make O=/home/name/build/kernel + sudo make O=/home/name/build/kernel modules_install install + + Please note: If the ``O=output/dir`` option is used, then it must be + used for all invocations of make. + +Configuring the kernel +---------------------- + + Do not skip this step even if you are only upgrading one minor + version. New configuration options are added in each release, and + odd problems will turn up if the configuration files are not set up + as expected. If you want to carry your existing configuration to a + new version with minimal work, use ``make oldconfig``, which will + only ask you for the answers to new questions. + + - Alternative configuration commands are:: + + "make config" Plain text interface. + + "make menuconfig" Text based color menus, radiolists & dialogs. + + "make nconfig" Enhanced text based color menus. + + "make xconfig" Qt based configuration tool. + + "make gconfig" GTK+ based configuration tool. + + "make oldconfig" Default all questions based on the contents of + your existing ./.config file and asking about + new config symbols. + + "make silentoldconfig" + Like above, but avoids cluttering the screen + with questions already answered. + Additionally updates the dependencies. + + "make olddefconfig" + Like above, but sets new symbols to their default + values without prompting. + + "make defconfig" Create a ./.config file by using the default + symbol values from either arch/$ARCH/defconfig + or arch/$ARCH/configs/${PLATFORM}_defconfig, + depending on the architecture. + + "make ${PLATFORM}_defconfig" + Create a ./.config file by using the default + symbol values from + arch/$ARCH/configs/${PLATFORM}_defconfig. + Use "make help" to get a list of all available + platforms of your architecture. + + "make allyesconfig" + Create a ./.config file by setting symbol + values to 'y' as much as possible. + + "make allmodconfig" + Create a ./.config file by setting symbol + values to 'm' as much as possible. + + "make allnoconfig" Create a ./.config file by setting symbol + values to 'n' as much as possible. + + "make randconfig" Create a ./.config file by setting symbol + values to random values. + + "make localmodconfig" Create a config based on current config and + loaded modules (lsmod). Disables any module + option that is not needed for the loaded modules. + + To create a localmodconfig for another machine, + store the lsmod of that machine into a file + and pass it in as a LSMOD parameter. + + target$ lsmod > /tmp/mylsmod + target$ scp /tmp/mylsmod host:/tmp + + host$ make LSMOD=/tmp/mylsmod localmodconfig + + The above also works when cross compiling. + + "make localyesconfig" Similar to localmodconfig, except it will convert + all module options to built in (=y) options. + + You can find more information on using the Linux kernel config tools + in Documentation/kbuild/kconfig.txt. + + - NOTES on ``make config``: + + - Having unnecessary drivers will make the kernel bigger, and can + under some circumstances lead to problems: probing for a + nonexistent controller card may confuse your other controllers + + - A kernel with math-emulation compiled in will still use the + coprocessor if one is present: the math emulation will just + never get used in that case. The kernel will be slightly larger, + but will work on different machines regardless of whether they + have a math coprocessor or not. + + - The "kernel hacking" configuration details usually result in a + bigger or slower kernel (or both), and can even make the kernel + less stable by configuring some routines to actively try to + break bad code to find kernel problems (kmalloc()). Thus you + should probably answer 'n' to the questions for "development", + "experimental", or "debugging" features. + +Compiling the kernel +-------------------- + + - Make sure you have at least gcc 3.2 available. + For more information, refer to :ref:`Documentation/Changes <changes>`. + + Please note that you can still run a.out user programs with this kernel. + + - Do a ``make`` to create a compressed kernel image. It is also + possible to do ``make install`` if you have lilo installed to suit the + kernel makefiles, but you may want to check your particular lilo setup first. + + To do the actual install, you have to be root, but none of the normal + build should require that. Don't take the name of root in vain. + + - If you configured any of the parts of the kernel as ``modules``, you + will also have to do ``make modules_install``. + + - Verbose kernel compile/build output: + + Normally, the kernel build system runs in a fairly quiet mode (but not + totally silent). However, sometimes you or other kernel developers need + to see compile, link, or other commands exactly as they are executed. + For this, use "verbose" build mode. This is done by passing + ``V=1`` to the ``make`` command, e.g.:: + + make V=1 all + + To have the build system also tell the reason for the rebuild of each + target, use ``V=2``. The default is ``V=0``. + + - Keep a backup kernel handy in case something goes wrong. This is + especially true for the development releases, since each new release + contains new code which has not been debugged. Make sure you keep a + backup of the modules corresponding to that kernel, as well. If you + are installing a new kernel with the same version number as your + working kernel, make a backup of your modules directory before you + do a ``make modules_install``. + + Alternatively, before compiling, use the kernel config option + "LOCALVERSION" to append a unique suffix to the regular kernel version. + LOCALVERSION can be set in the "General Setup" menu. + + - In order to boot your new kernel, you'll need to copy the kernel + image (e.g. .../linux/arch/x86/boot/bzImage after compilation) + to the place where your regular bootable kernel is found. + + - Booting a kernel directly from a floppy without the assistance of a + bootloader such as LILO, is no longer supported. + + If you boot Linux from the hard drive, chances are you use LILO, which + uses the kernel image as specified in the file /etc/lilo.conf. The + kernel image file is usually /vmlinuz, /boot/vmlinuz, /bzImage or + /boot/bzImage. To use the new kernel, save a copy of the old image + and copy the new image over the old one. Then, you MUST RERUN LILO + to update the loading map! If you don't, you won't be able to boot + the new kernel image. + + Reinstalling LILO is usually a matter of running /sbin/lilo. + You may wish to edit /etc/lilo.conf to specify an entry for your + old kernel image (say, /vmlinux.old) in case the new one does not + work. See the LILO docs for more information. + + After reinstalling LILO, you should be all set. Shutdown the system, + reboot, and enjoy! + + If you ever need to change the default root device, video mode, + ramdisk size, etc. in the kernel image, use the ``rdev`` program (or + alternatively the LILO boot options when appropriate). No need to + recompile the kernel to change these parameters. + + - Reboot with the new kernel and enjoy. + +If something goes wrong +----------------------- + + - If you have problems that seem to be due to kernel bugs, please check + the file MAINTAINERS to see if there is a particular person associated + with the part of the kernel that you are having trouble with. If there + isn't anyone listed there, then the second best thing is to mail + them to me (torvalds@linux-foundation.org), and possibly to any other + relevant mailing-list or to the newsgroup. + + - In all bug-reports, *please* tell what kernel you are talking about, + how to duplicate the problem, and what your setup is (use your common + sense). If the problem is new, tell me so, and if the problem is + old, please try to tell me when you first noticed it. + + - If the bug results in a message like:: + + unable to handle kernel paging request at address C0000010 + Oops: 0002 + EIP: 0010:XXXXXXXX + eax: xxxxxxxx ebx: xxxxxxxx ecx: xxxxxxxx edx: xxxxxxxx + esi: xxxxxxxx edi: xxxxxxxx ebp: xxxxxxxx + ds: xxxx es: xxxx fs: xxxx gs: xxxx + Pid: xx, process nr: xx + xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx + + or similar kernel debugging information on your screen or in your + system log, please duplicate it *exactly*. The dump may look + incomprehensible to you, but it does contain information that may + help debugging the problem. The text above the dump is also + important: it tells something about why the kernel dumped code (in + the above example, it's due to a bad kernel pointer). More information + on making sense of the dump is in Documentation/oops-tracing.txt + + - If you compiled the kernel with CONFIG_KALLSYMS you can send the dump + as is, otherwise you will have to use the ``ksymoops`` program to make + sense of the dump (but compiling with CONFIG_KALLSYMS is usually preferred). + This utility can be downloaded from + ftp://ftp.<country>.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/ksymoops/ . + Alternatively, you can do the dump lookup by hand: + + - In debugging dumps like the above, it helps enormously if you can + look up what the EIP value means. The hex value as such doesn't help + me or anybody else very much: it will depend on your particular + kernel setup. What you should do is take the hex value from the EIP + line (ignore the ``0010:``), and look it up in the kernel namelist to + see which kernel function contains the offending address. + + To find out the kernel function name, you'll need to find the system + binary associated with the kernel that exhibited the symptom. This is + the file 'linux/vmlinux'. To extract the namelist and match it against + the EIP from the kernel crash, do:: + + nm vmlinux | sort | less + + This will give you a list of kernel addresses sorted in ascending + order, from which it is simple to find the function that contains the + offending address. Note that the address given by the kernel + debugging messages will not necessarily match exactly with the + function addresses (in fact, that is very unlikely), so you can't + just 'grep' the list: the list will, however, give you the starting + point of each kernel function, so by looking for the function that + has a starting address lower than the one you are searching for but + is followed by a function with a higher address you will find the one + you want. In fact, it may be a good idea to include a bit of + "context" in your problem report, giving a few lines around the + interesting one. + + If you for some reason cannot do the above (you have a pre-compiled + kernel image or similar), telling me as much about your setup as + possible will help. Please read the :ref:`REPORTING-BUGS <reportingbugs>` + document for details. + + - Alternatively, you can use gdb on a running kernel. (read-only; i.e. you + cannot change values or set break points.) To do this, first compile the + kernel with -g; edit arch/x86/Makefile appropriately, then do a ``make + clean``. You'll also need to enable CONFIG_PROC_FS (via ``make config``). + + After you've rebooted with the new kernel, do ``gdb vmlinux /proc/kcore``. + You can now use all the usual gdb commands. The command to look up the + point where your system crashed is ``l *0xXXXXXXXX``. (Replace the XXXes + with the EIP value.) + + gdb'ing a non-running kernel currently fails because ``gdb`` (wrongly) + disregards the starting offset for which the kernel is compiled. diff --git a/Documentation/bad_memory.txt b/Documentation/admin-guide/bad-memory.rst index 5cac93e27a97..017fc86430c3 100644 --- a/Documentation/bad_memory.txt +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/bad-memory.rst @@ -48,4 +48,3 @@ With the numbers of the example above:: or:: memmap=0x10000$0x18690000 - diff --git a/Documentation/basic_profiling.txt b/Documentation/admin-guide/basic-profiling.rst index 15a49dbd0189..72babc71b771 100644 --- a/Documentation/basic_profiling.txt +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/basic-profiling.rst @@ -66,4 +66,3 @@ Some ``opcontrol`` commands:: To only report on the kernel, run ``opreport -l /boot/vmlinux > output_file`` A reset is needed to clear old statistics, which survive a reboot. - diff --git a/Documentation/binfmt_misc.txt b/Documentation/admin-guide/binfmt-misc.rst index 9c5ff8f260bf..9c5ff8f260bf 100644 --- a/Documentation/binfmt_misc.txt +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/binfmt-misc.rst diff --git a/Documentation/braille-console.txt b/Documentation/admin-guide/braille-console.rst index fa3702dc04ab..fa3702dc04ab 100644 --- a/Documentation/braille-console.txt +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/braille-console.rst diff --git a/Documentation/BUG-HUNTING b/Documentation/admin-guide/bug-hunting.rst index a8ef794aadae..a8ef794aadae 100644 --- a/Documentation/BUG-HUNTING +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/bug-hunting.rst diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/conf.py b/Documentation/admin-guide/conf.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..86f738953799 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/conf.py @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# -*- coding: utf-8; mode: python -*- + +project = 'Linux Kernel User Documentation' + +tags.add("subproject") + +latex_documents = [ + ('index', 'linux-user.tex', 'Linux Kernel User Documentation', + 'The kernel development community', 'manual'), +] diff --git a/Documentation/devices.txt b/Documentation/admin-guide/devices.rst index 17b365331f23..b29555041531 100644 --- a/Documentation/devices.txt +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/devices.rst @@ -3348,4 +3348,3 @@ for the slaves; the slaves are named with decimal integers (``/dev/pts/#`` in our notation). This removes the problem of exhausting the namespace and enables the kernel to automatically create the device nodes for the slaves on demand using the "devpts" filesystem. - diff --git a/Documentation/dynamic-debug-howto.txt b/Documentation/admin-guide/dynamic-debug-howto.rst index 88adcfdf5b2b..88adcfdf5b2b 100644 --- a/Documentation/dynamic-debug-howto.txt +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/dynamic-debug-howto.rst diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/index.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/index.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..4e5abbb4bbd5 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/index.rst @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +Linux Kernel User's Documentation +================================= + +Contents: + +.. toctree:: + :maxdepth: 2 + :numbered: + + README + reporting-bugs + bug-hunting + oops-tracing + ramoops + initrd + init + dynamic-debug-howto + security-bugs + kernel-parameters + serial-console + braille-console + parport + md + module-signing + sysrq + unicode + vga-softcursor + sysfs-rules + devices + binfmt-misc + mono + java + bad-memory + basic-profiling diff --git a/Documentation/init.txt b/Documentation/admin-guide/init.rst index e89d97f31eaf..e89d97f31eaf 100644 --- a/Documentation/init.txt +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/init.rst diff --git a/Documentation/initrd.txt b/Documentation/admin-guide/initrd.rst index a03dabaaf3a3..a03dabaaf3a3 100644 --- a/Documentation/initrd.txt +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/initrd.rst diff --git a/Documentation/java.txt b/Documentation/admin-guide/java.rst index ae33d959638c..a0de7c1a1ed9 100644 --- a/Documentation/java.txt +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/java.rst @@ -415,4 +415,3 @@ originally by Brian A. Lantz, brian@lantz.com heavily edited for binfmt_misc by Richard Günther new scripts by Colin J. Watson <cjw44@cam.ac.uk> added executable Jar file support by Kurt Huwig <kurt@iku-netz.de> - diff --git a/Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt b/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.rst index b0804273b6e3..b0804273b6e3 100644 --- a/Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.rst diff --git a/Documentation/md.txt b/Documentation/admin-guide/md.rst index e449fb5f277c..e449fb5f277c 100644 --- a/Documentation/md.txt +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/md.rst diff --git a/Documentation/mono.txt b/Documentation/admin-guide/mono.rst index 9a9744ca0cf3..9a9744ca0cf3 100644 --- a/Documentation/mono.txt +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/mono.rst diff --git a/Documentation/oops-tracing.txt b/Documentation/admin-guide/oops-tracing.rst index 3e25ea7349ee..3e25ea7349ee 100644 --- a/Documentation/oops-tracing.txt +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/oops-tracing.rst diff --git a/Documentation/parport.txt b/Documentation/admin-guide/parport.rst index ad3f9b8a11e1..ad3f9b8a11e1 100644 --- a/Documentation/parport.txt +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/parport.rst diff --git a/Documentation/ramoops.txt b/Documentation/admin-guide/ramoops.rst index 7eaf1e71c083..7eaf1e71c083 100644 --- a/Documentation/ramoops.txt +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/ramoops.rst diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/reporting-bugs.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/reporting-bugs.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..05c53ac7fa76 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/reporting-bugs.rst @@ -0,0 +1,182 @@ +.. _reportingbugs: + +Reporting bugs +++++++++++++++ + +Background +========== + +The upstream Linux kernel maintainers only fix bugs for specific kernel +versions. Those versions include the current "release candidate" (or -rc) +kernel, any "stable" kernel versions, and any "long term" kernels. + +Please see https://www.kernel.org/ for a list of supported kernels. Any +kernel marked with [EOL] is "end of life" and will not have any fixes +backported to it. + +If you've found a bug on a kernel version that isn't listed on kernel.org, +contact your Linux distribution or embedded vendor for support. +Alternatively, you can attempt to run one of the supported stable or -rc +kernels, and see if you can reproduce the bug on that. It's preferable +to reproduce the bug on the latest -rc kernel. + + +How to report Linux kernel bugs +=============================== + + +Identify the problematic subsystem +---------------------------------- + +Identifying which part of the Linux kernel might be causing your issue +increases your chances of getting your bug fixed. Simply posting to the +generic linux-kernel mailing list (LKML) may cause your bug report to be +lost in the noise of a mailing list that gets 1000+ emails a day. + +Instead, try to figure out which kernel subsystem is causing the issue, +and email that subsystem's maintainer and mailing list. If the subsystem +maintainer doesn't answer, then expand your scope to mailing lists like +LKML. + + +Identify who to notify +---------------------- + +Once you know the subsystem that is causing the issue, you should send a +bug report. Some maintainers prefer bugs to be reported via bugzilla +(https://bugzilla.kernel.org), while others prefer that bugs be reported +via the subsystem mailing list. + +To find out where to send an emailed bug report, find your subsystem or +device driver in the MAINTAINERS file. Search in the file for relevant +entries, and send your bug report to the person(s) listed in the "M:" +lines, making sure to Cc the mailing list(s) in the "L:" lines. When the +maintainer replies to you, make sure to 'Reply-all' in order to keep the +public mailing list(s) in the email thread. + +If you know which driver is causing issues, you can pass one of the driver +files to the get_maintainer.pl script:: + + perl scripts/get_maintainer.pl -f <filename> + +If it is a security bug, please copy the Security Contact listed in the +MAINTAINERS file. They can help coordinate bugfix and disclosure. See +:ref:`Documentation/SecurityBugs <securitybugs>` for more information. + +If you can't figure out which subsystem caused the issue, you should file +a bug in kernel.org bugzilla and send email to +linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, referencing the bugzilla URL. (For more +information on the linux-kernel mailing list see +http://www.tux.org/lkml/). + + +Tips for reporting bugs +----------------------- + +If you haven't reported a bug before, please read: + + http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/bugs.html + + http://www.catb.org/esr/faqs/smart-questions.html + +It's REALLY important to report bugs that seem unrelated as separate email +threads or separate bugzilla entries. If you report several unrelated +bugs at once, it's difficult for maintainers to tease apart the relevant +data. + + +Gather information +------------------ + +The most important information in a bug report is how to reproduce the +bug. This includes system information, and (most importantly) +step-by-step instructions for how a user can trigger the bug. + +If the failure includes an "OOPS:", take a picture of the screen, capture +a netconsole trace, or type the message from your screen into the bug +report. Please read "Documentation/oops-tracing.txt" before posting your +bug report. This explains what you should do with the "Oops" information |