diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'docs/content/en/content-management/syntax-highlighting.md')
-rw-r--r-- | docs/content/en/content-management/syntax-highlighting.md | 199 |
1 files changed, 199 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/docs/content/en/content-management/syntax-highlighting.md b/docs/content/en/content-management/syntax-highlighting.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6b277365f --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/content/en/content-management/syntax-highlighting.md @@ -0,0 +1,199 @@ +--- +title: Syntax Highlighting +description: Hugo comes with really fast syntax highlighting from Chroma. +date: 2017-02-01 +publishdate: 2017-02-01 +keywords: [highlighting,pygments,chroma,code blocks,syntax] +categories: [content management] +menu: + docs: + parent: "content-management" + weight: 300 +weight: 20 +sections_weight: 20 +draft: false +aliases: [/extras/highlighting/,/extras/highlight/,/tools/syntax-highlighting/] +toc: true +--- + +From Hugo 0.28, the default syntax highlighter in Hugo is [Chroma](https://github.com/alecthomas/chroma); it is built in Go and is really, really fast -- and for the most important parts compatible with Pygments. + +If you want to continue to use Pygments (see below), set `pygmentsUseClassic=true` in your site config. + +The example below shows a simple code snippet from the Hugo source highlighted with the `highlight` shortcode. Note that the gohugo.io site is generated with `pygmentsUseClasses=true` (see [Generate Syntax Highlighter CSS](#generate-syntax-highlighter-css)). + +* `linenos=inline` or `linenos=table` (`table` will give copy-and-paste friendly code blocks) turns on line numbers. +* `hl_lines` lists a set of line numbers or line number ranges to be highlighted. Note that the hyphen range syntax is only supported for Chroma. +* `linenostart=199` starts the line number count from 199. + +With that, this: + +``` +{{</* highlight go "linenos=table,hl_lines=8 15-17,linenostart=199" */>}} +// ... code +{{</* / highlight */>}} +``` + +Gives this: + +{{< highlight go "linenos=table,hl_lines=8 15-17,linenostart=199" >}} +// GetTitleFunc returns a func that can be used to transform a string to +// title case. +// +// The supported styles are +// +// - "Go" (strings.Title) +// - "AP" (see https://www.apstylebook.com/) +// - "Chicago" (see https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/home.html) +// +// If an unknown or empty style is provided, AP style is what you get. +func GetTitleFunc(style string) func(s string) string { + switch strings.ToLower(style) { + case "go": + return strings.Title + case "chicago": + tc := transform.NewTitleConverter(transform.ChicagoStyle) + return tc.Title + default: + tc := transform.NewTitleConverter(transform.APStyle) + return tc.Title + } +} +{{< / highlight >}} + + +## Configure Syntax Highlighter +To make the transition from Pygments to Chroma seamless, they share a common set of configuration options: + +pygmentsOptions +: A comma separated list of options. See below for a full list. + +pygmentsCodeFences +: Set to true to enable syntax highlighting in code fences with a language tag in markdown (see below for an example). + +pygmentsStyle +: The style of code highlighting. Note that this option is not + relevant when `pygmentsUseClasses` is set. + + Syntax highlighting galleries: + **Chroma** ([short snippets](https://xyproto.github.io/splash/docs/all.html), + [long snippets](https://xyproto.github.io/splash/docs/longer/all.html)), + [Pygments](https://help.farbox.com/pygments.html) + +pygmentsUseClasses +: Set to `true` to use CSS classes to format your highlighted code. See [Generate Syntax Highlighter CSS](#generate-syntax-highlighter-css). + +pygmentsCodeFencesGuessSyntax +: Set to `true` to try to do syntax highlighting on code fenced blocks in markdown without a language tag. + +pygmentsUseClassic +: Set to true to use Pygments instead of the much faster Chroma. + +### Options + +`pygmentsOptions` can be set either in site config or overridden per code block in the Highlight shortcode or template func. + +noclasses +: Use inline style. + +linenos +: For Chroma, any value in this setting will print line numbers. Pygments has some more fine grained control. + +linenostart +: Start the line numbers from this value (default is 1). + + +hl_lines +: Highlight a space separated list of line numbers. For Chroma, you can provide a list of ranges, i.e. "3-8 10-20". + + +The full set of supported options for Pygments is: `encoding`, `outencoding`, `nowrap`, `full`, `title`, `style`, `noclasses`, `classprefix`, `cssclass`, `cssstyles`, `prestyles`, `linenos`, `hl_lines`, `linenostart`, `linenostep`, `linenospecial`, `nobackground`, `lineseparator`, `lineanchors`, `linespans`, `anchorlinenos`, `startinline`. See the [Pygments HTML Formatter Documentation](http://pygments.org/docs/formatters/#HtmlFormatter) for details. + + +## Generate Syntax Highlighter CSS + +If you run with `pygmentsUseClasses=true` in your site config, you need a style sheet. + +You can generate one with Hugo: + +```bash +hugo gen chromastyles --style=monokai > syntax.css +``` + +Run `hugo gen chromastyles -h` for more options. See https://xyproto.github.io/splash/docs/ for a gallery of available styles. + + +## Highlight Shortcode + +Highlighting is carried out via the [built-in shortcode](/content-management/shortcodes/) `highlight`. `highlight` takes exactly one required parameter for the programming language to be highlighted and requires a closing shortcode. Note that `highlight` is *not* used for client-side javascript highlighting. + +### Example `highlight` Shortcode + +{{< code file="example-highlight-shortcode-input.md" >}} +{{</* highlight html */>}} +<section id="main"> + <div> + <h1 id="title">{{ .Title }}</h1> + {{ range .Pages }} + {{ .Render "summary"}} + {{ end }} + </div> +</section> +{{</* /highlight */>}} +{{< /code >}} + + + +## Highlight Template Func + +See [Highlight](/functions/highlight/). + +## Highlight in Code Fences + +It is also possible to add syntax highlighting with GitHub flavored code fences. To enable this, set the `pygmentsCodeFences` to `true` in Hugo's [configuration file](/getting-started/configuration/); + +```` +```go-html-template +<section id="main"> + <div> + <h1 id="title">{{ .Title }}</h1> + {{ range .Pages }} + {{ .Render "summary"}} + {{ end }} + </div> +</section> +``` +```` + +## List of Chroma Highlighting Languages + +The full list of Chroma lexers and their aliases (which is the identifier used in the `highlight` template func or when doing highlighting in code fences): + +{{< chroma-lexers >}} + +## Highlight with Pygments Classic + +If you for some reason don't want to use the built-in Chroma highlighter, you can set `pygmentsUseClassic=true` in your config and add Pygments to your path. + +{{% note "Disclaimers on Pygments" %}} +* Pygments is relatively slow and _causes a performance hit when building your site_, but Hugo has been designed to cache the results to disk. +* The caching can be turned off by setting the `--ignoreCache` flag to `true`. +* The languages available for highlighting depend on your Pygments installation. +{{% /note %}} + +If you have never worked with Pygments before, here is a brief primer: + ++ Install Python from [python.org](https://www.python.org/downloads/). Version 2.7.x is already sufficient. ++ Run `pip install Pygments` in order to install Pygments. Once installed, Pygments gives you a command `pygmentize`. Make sure it sits in your PATH; otherwise, Hugo will not be able to find and use it. + +On Debian and Ubuntu systems, you may also install Pygments by running `sudo apt-get install python3-pygments`. + + + +[Prism]: https://prismjs.com +[prismdownload]: https://prismjs.com/download.html +[Highlight.js]: https://highlightjs.org/ +[Rainbow]: https://craig.is/making/rainbows +[Syntax Highlighter]: https://alexgorbatchev.com/SyntaxHighlighter/ +[Google Prettify]: https://github.com/google/code-prettify +[Yandex]: https://yandex.ru/ |