Make the Vagrant environment creation nicer

Now, instead of reams of unreadable command output, we get a nice set of stages:

[ 0/13] Deleting existing test cases directory
[ 1/13] Creating file size testcases
[ 2/13] Creating file name extension testcases
[ 3/13] Creating file names testcases
[ 4/13] Creating special file kind testcases
[ 5/13] Creating symlink testcases
[ 6/13] Creating user and group testcases
[ 7/13] Creating file permission testcases
[ 8/13] Creating date and time testcases
[ 9/13] Creating extended attribute testcases
[10/13] Creating Git testcases (1/3)
[11/13] Creating Git testcases (2/3)
[12/13] Creating Git testcases (3/3)
[13/13] Creating hidden and dot file testcases

The scripts have been moved out of the Vagrantfile because it was getting long and they're more readable this way.

4 files changed, 441 insertions, 422 deletions

diff --git a/Vagrantfile b/Vagrantfile
index e9f2334..1802141 100644
--- a/Vagrantfile
+++ b/Vagrantfile
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ Vagrant.configure(2) do |config|
     # Install the dependencies needed for exa to build, as quietly as
     # apt can do.
     config.vm.provision :shell, privileged: true, inline: <<-EOF
-      set -xe
+      trap 'exit' ERR
       apt-get update
       apt-get install -qq -o=Dpkg::Use-Pty=0 -y \
         git cmake curl attr libgit2-dev zip \
@@ -53,8 +53,9 @@ Vagrant.configure(2) do |config|
       if hash rustc &>/dev/null; then
         echo "Rust is already installed"
       else
-        set -xe
+        trap 'exit' ERR
         curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh -s -- -y
+        source $HOME/.cargo/env
         cargo install cargo-hack
       fi
     EOF
@@ -84,7 +85,7 @@ Vagrant.configure(2) do |config|
 
     # Create a variety of misc scripts.
     config.vm.provision :shell, privileged: true, inline: <<-EOF
-      set -xe
+      trap 'exit' ERR
 
       ln -sf /vagrant/devtools/dev-run-debug.sh   /usr/bin/exa
       ln -sf /vagrant/devtools/dev-run-release.sh /usr/bin/rexa
@@ -108,16 +109,10 @@ Vagrant.configure(2) do |config|
     EOF
 
 
-    # This fix is applied by changing the VM rather than changing the
-    # Cargo.toml file so it works for everyone because it’s such a niche
-    # build issue, it’s not worth specifying a non-crates.io dependency
-    # and losing the ability to `cargo publish` the exa crate there!
-    # It also isolates the hackiness to the one place I can test it
-    # actually works.
-
-
     # Configure the welcoming text that gets shown.
     config.vm.provision :shell, privileged: true, inline: <<-EOF
+      trap 'exit' ERR
+
       rm -f /etc/update-motd.d/*
 
       # Capture the help text so it gets displayed first
@@ -135,7 +130,7 @@ Vagrant.configure(2) do |config|
 
     # Link the completion files so they’re “installed”.
     config.vm.provision :shell, privileged: true, inline: <<-EOF
-      set -xe
+      trap 'exit' ERR
 
       test -h /etc/bash_completion.d/exa \
         || ln -s /vagrant/contrib/completions.bash /etc/bash_completion.d/exa
@@ -148,420 +143,11 @@ Vagrant.configure(2) do |config|
     EOF
 
 
-    # We create two users that own the test files.
-    # The first one just owns the ordinary ones, because we don’t want the
-    # test outputs to depend on “vagrant” or “ubuntu” existing.
-    user = "cassowary"
-    config.vm.provision :shell, privileged: true, inline:
-      %[id -u #{user} &>/dev/null || useradd #{user}]
-
-
-    # The second one has a long name, to test that the file owner column
-    # widens correctly. The benefit of Vagrant is that we don’t need to
-    # set this up on the *actual* system!
-    longuser = "antidisestablishmentarienism"
-    config.vm.provision :shell, privileged: true, inline:
-      %[id -u #{longuser} &>/dev/null || useradd #{longuser}]
-
-
-    # Because the timestamps are formatted differently depending on whether
-    # they’re in the current year or not (see `details.rs`), we have to make
-    # sure that the files are created in the current year, so they get shown
-    # in the format we expect.
-    current_year = Date.today.year
-    some_date = "#{current_year}01011234.56"  # 1st January, 12:34:56
-
-
-    # We also need an UID and a GID that are guaranteed to not exist, to
-    # test what happen when they don’t.
-    invalid_uid = 666
-    invalid_gid = 616
-
-
-    # Delete old testcases if they exist already, then create a
-    # directory to house new ones.
-    test_dir = "/testcases"
-    config.vm.provision :shell, privileged: true, inline: <<-EOF
-      set -xe
-      rm -rfv #{test_dir}
-      mkdir #{test_dir}
-      chmod 777 #{test_dir}
-    EOF
-
-
-    # Awkward file size testcases.
-    # This needs sudo to set the files’ users at the very end.
-    config.vm.provision :shell, privileged: false, inline: <<-EOF
-      set -xe
-      mkdir "#{test_dir}/files"
-      for i in {1..13}; do
-        fallocate -l "$i" "#{test_dir}/files/$i"_bytes
-        fallocate -l "$i"KiB "#{test_dir}/files/$i"_KiB
-        fallocate -l "$i"MiB "#{test_dir}/files/$i"_MiB
-      done
-
-      touch -t #{some_date} "#{test_dir}/files/"*
-      chmod 644 "#{test_dir}/files/"*
-      sudo chown #{user}:#{user} "#{test_dir}/files/"*
-    EOF
-
-
-    # File name extension testcases.
-    # These aren’t tested in details view, but we set timestamps on them to
-    # test that various sort options work.
-    config.vm.provision :shell, privileged: false, inline: <<-EOF
-      set -xe
-      mkdir "#{test_dir}/file-names-exts"
-
-      touch "#{test_dir}/file-names-exts/Makefile"
-
-      touch "#{test_dir}/file-names-exts/IMAGE.PNG"
-      touch "#{test_dir}/file-names-exts/image.svg"
-
-      touch "#{test_dir}/file-names-exts/VIDEO.AVI"
-      touch "#{test_dir}/file-names-exts/video.wmv"
-
-      touch "#{test_dir}/file-names-exts/music.mp3"
-      touch "#{test_dir}/file-names-exts/MUSIC.OGG"
-
-      touch "#{test_dir}/file-names-exts/lossless.flac"
-      touch "#{test_dir}/file-names-exts/lossless.wav"
-
-      touch "#{test_dir}/file-names-exts/crypto.asc"
-      touch "#{test_dir}/file-names-exts/crypto.signature"
-
-      touch "#{test_dir}/file-names-exts/document.pdf"
-      touch "#{test_dir}/file-names-exts/DOCUMENT.XLSX"
-
-      touch "#{test_dir}/file-names-exts/COMPRESSED.ZIP"
-      touch "#{test_dir}/file-names-exts/compressed.tar.gz"
-      touch "#{test_dir}/file-names-exts/compressed.tgz"
-      touch "#{test_dir}/file-names-exts/compressed.tar.xz"
-      touch "#{test_dir}/file-names-exts/compressed.txz"
-      touch "#{test_dir}/file-names-exts/compressed.deb"
-
-      touch "#{test_dir}/file-names-exts/backup~"
-      touch "#{test_dir}/file-names-exts/#SAVEFILE#"
-      touch "#{test_dir}/file-names-exts/file.tmp"
-
-      touch "#{test_dir}/file-names-exts/compiled.class"
-      touch "#{test_dir}/file-names-exts/compiled.o"
-      touch "#{test_dir}/file-names-exts/compiled.js"
-      touch "#{test_dir}/file-names-exts/compiled.coffee"
-    EOF
-
-
-    # File name testcases.
-    # bash really doesn’t want you to create a file with escaped characters
-    # in its name, so we have to resort to the echo builtin and touch!
-    #
-    # The double backslashes are not strictly necessary; without them, Ruby
-    # will interpolate them instead of bash, but because Vagrant prints out
-    # each command it runs, your *own* terminal will go “ding” from the alarm!
-    config.vm.provision :shell, privileged: false, inline: <<-EOF
-      set -xe
-      mkdir "#{test_dir}/file-names"
-
-      echo -ne "#{test_dir}/file-names/ascii: hello" | xargs -0 touch
-      echo -ne "#{test_dir}/file-names/emoji: [🆒]"  | xargs -0 touch
-      echo -ne "#{test_dir}/file-names/utf-8: pâté"  | xargs -0 touch
-
-      echo -ne "#{test_dir}/file-names/bell: [\\a]"         | xargs -0 touch
-      echo -ne "#{test_dir}/file-names/backspace: [\\b]"    | xargs -0 touch
-      echo -ne "#{test_dir}/file-names/form-feed: [\\f]"    | xargs -0 touch
-      echo -ne "#{test_dir}/file-names/new-line: [\\n]"     | xargs -0 touch
-      echo -ne "#{test_dir}/file-names/return: [\\r]"       | xargs -0 touch
-      echo -ne "#{test_dir}/file-names/tab: [\\t]"          | xargs -0 touch
-      echo -ne "#{test_dir}/file-names/vertical-tab: [\\v]" | xargs -0 touch
-
-      echo -ne "#{test_dir}/file-names/escape: [\\033]"               | xargs -0 touch
-      echo -ne "#{test_dir}/file-names/ansi: [\\033[34mblue\\033[0m]" | xargs -0 touch
-
-      echo -ne "#{test_dir}/file-names/invalid-utf8-1: [\\xFF]"                | xargs -0 touch
-      echo -ne "#{test_dir}/file-names/invalid-utf8-2: [\\xc3\\x28]"           | xargs -0 touch
-      echo -ne "#{test_dir}/file-names/invalid-utf8-3: [\\xe2\\x82\\x28]"      | xargs -0 touch
-      echo -ne "#{test_dir}/file-names/invalid-utf8-4: [\\xf0\\x28\\x8c\\x28]" | xargs -0 touch
-
-      echo -ne "#{test_dir}/file-names/new-line-dir: [\\n]"                | xargs -0 mkdir
-      echo -ne "#{test_dir}/file-names/new-line-dir: [\\n]/subfile"        | xargs -0 touch
-      echo -ne "#{test_dir}/file-names/new-line-dir: [\\n]/another: [\\n]" | xargs -0 touch
-      echo -ne "#{test_dir}/file-names/new-line-dir: [\\n]/broken"         | xargs -0 touch
-
-      mkdir "#{test_dir}/file-names/links"
-      ln -s "#{test_dir}/file-names/new-line-dir"*/* "#{test_dir}/file-names/links"
-
-      echo -ne "#{test_dir}/file-names/new-line-dir: [\\n]/broken" | xargs -0 rm
-    EOF
-
-
-    # Special file testcases.
-    config.vm.provision :shell, privileged: false, inline: <<-EOF
-      set -xe
-      mkdir "#{test_dir}/specials"
-
-      sudo mknod "#{test_dir}/specials/block-device" b  3 60
-      sudo mknod "#{test_dir}/specials/char-device"  c 14 40
-      sudo mknod "#{test_dir}/specials/named-pipe"   p
-
-      sudo touch -t #{some_date} "#{test_dir}/specials/"*
-    EOF
-
-
-    # Awkward symlink testcases.
-    config.vm.provision :shell, privileged: false, inline: <<-EOF
-      set -xe
-      mkdir "#{test_dir}/links"
-
-      ln -s /            "#{test_dir}/links/root"
-      ln -s /usr         "#{test_dir}/links/usr"
-      ln -s nowhere      "#{test_dir}/links/broken"
-      ln -s /proc/1/root "#{test_dir}/links/forbidden"
-
-      touch "#{test_dir}/links/some_file"
-      ln -s "#{test_dir}/links/some_file" "#{test_dir}/links/some_file_absolute"
-      (cd "#{test_dir}/links"; ln -s "some_file" "some_file_relative")
-      (cd "#{test_dir}/links"; ln -s "."         "current_dir")
-      (cd "#{test_dir}/links"; ln -s ".."        "parent_dir")
-      (cd "#{test_dir}/links"; ln -s "itself"    "itself")
-    EOF
-
-
-    # Awkward passwd testcases.
-    # sudo is needed for these because we technically aren’t a member
-    # of the groups (because they don’t exist), and chown and chgrp
-    # are smart enough to disallow it!
-    config.vm.provision :shell, privileged: false, inline: <<-EOF
-      set -xe
-      mkdir "#{test_dir}/passwd"
-
-      touch -t #{some_date}             "#{test_dir}/passwd/unknown-uid"
-      chmod 644                         "#{test_dir}/passwd/unknown-uid"
-      sudo chown #{invalid_uid}:#{user} "#{test_dir}/passwd/unknown-uid"
-
-      touch -t #{some_date}             "#{test_dir}/passwd/unknown-gid"
-      chmod 644                         "#{test_dir}/passwd/unknown-gid"
-      sudo chown #{user}:#{invalid_gid} "#{test_dir}/passwd/unknown-gid"
-    EOF
-
-
-    # Awkward permission testcases.
-    # Differences in the way ‘chmod’ handles setting ‘setuid’ and ‘setgid’
-    # when you don’t already own the file mean that we need to use ‘sudo’
-    # to change permissions to those.
-    config.vm.provision :shell, privileged: false, inline: <<-EOF
-      set -xe
-      mkdir "#{test_dir}/permissions"
-
-      mkdir                      "#{test_dir}/permissions/forbidden-directory"
-      chmod 000                  "#{test_dir}/permissions/forbidden-directory"
-      touch -t #{some_date}      "#{test_dir}/permissions/forbidden-directory"
-      sudo chown #{user}:#{user} "#{test_dir}/permissions/forbidden-directory"
-
-      for perms in 000 001 002 004 010 020 040 100 200 400 644 755 777 1000 1001 2000 2010 4000 4100 7666 7777; do
-        touch                      "#{test_dir}/permissions/$perms"
-        sudo chown #{user}:#{user} "#{test_dir}/permissions/$perms"
-        sudo chmod $perms          "#{test_dir}/permissions/$perms"
-        sudo touch -t #{some_date} "#{test_dir}/permissions/$perms"
-      done
-    EOF
-
-    old = '200303030000.00'
-    med = '200606152314.29'   # the june gets used for fr_FR locale tests
-    new = '200912221038.53'   # and the december for ja_JP local tests
-
-    # Awkward date and time testcases.
-    config.vm.provision :shell, privileged: false, inline: <<-EOF
-      set -xe
-      mkdir "#{test_dir}/dates"
-
-      # there's no way to touch the created date of a file...
-      # so we have to do this the old-fashioned way!
-      # (and make sure these don't actually get listed)
-      touch -t #{old}    "#{test_dir}/dates/peach";  sleep 1
-      touch -t #{med}    "#{test_dir}/dates/plum";   sleep 1
-      touch -t #{new}    "#{test_dir}/dates/pear"
-
-      # modified dates
-      touch -t #{old} -m "#{test_dir}/dates/pear"
-      touch -t #{med} -m "#{test_dir}/dates/peach"
-      touch -t #{new} -m "#{test_dir}/dates/plum"
-
-      # accessed dates
-      touch -t #{old} -a "#{test_dir}/dates/plum"
-      touch -t #{med} -a "#{test_dir}/dates/pear"
-      touch -t #{new} -a "#{test_dir}/dates/peach"
-
-      sudo chown #{user}:#{user} -R "#{test_dir}/dates"
-    EOF
-
-
-    # Awkward extended attribute testcases.
-    # We need to test combinations of various numbers of files *and*
-    # extended attributes in directories. Turns out, the easiest way to
-    # do this is to generate all combinations of files with “one-xattr”
-    # or “two-xattrs” in their name and directories with “empty” or
-    # “one-file” in their name, then just give the right number of
-    # xattrs and children to those.
-    config.vm.provision :shell, privileged: false, inline: <<-EOF
-      set -xe
-      mkdir "#{test_dir}/attributes"
-
-      mkdir "#{test_dir}/attributes/files"
-      touch "#{test_dir}/attributes/files/"{no-xattrs,one-xattr,two-xattrs}{,_forbidden}
-
-      mkdir "#{test_dir}/attributes/dirs"
-      mkdir "#{test_dir}/attributes/dirs/"{no-xattrs,one-xattr,two-xattrs}_{empty,one-file,two-files}{,_forbidden}
-
-      setfattr -n user.greeting         -v hello "#{test_dir}/attributes"/**/*{one-xattr,two-xattrs}*
-      setfattr -n user.another_greeting -v hi    "#{test_dir}/attributes"/**/*two-xattrs*
-
-      for dir in "#{test_dir}/attributes/dirs/"*one-file*; do
-        touch $dir/file-in-question
-      done
-
-      for dir in "#{test_dir}/attributes/dirs/"*two-files*; do
-        touch $dir/this-file
-        touch $dir/that-file
-      done
-
-      find "#{test_dir}/attributes" -exec touch {} -t #{some_date} \\;
-
-      # I want to use the following to test,
-      # but it only works on macos:
-      #chmod +a "#{user} deny readextattr" "#{test_dir}/attributes"/**/*_forbidden
-
-      sudo chmod 000                "#{test_dir}/attributes"/**/*_forbidden
-      sudo chown #{user}:#{user} -R "#{test_dir}/attributes"
-    EOF
-
-
-    # A sample Git repository
-    # This uses cd because it's easier than telling Git where to go each time
-    config.vm.provision :shell, privileged: false, inline: <<-EOF
-      set -xe
-      mkdir "#{test_dir}/git"
-      cd    "#{test_dir}/git"
-      git init
-
-      mkdir edits additions moves
-
-      echo "original content" | tee edits/{staged,unstaged,both}
-      echo "this file gets moved" > moves/hither
-
-      git add edits moves
-      git config --global user.email "exa@exa.exa"
-      git config --global user.name "Exa Exa"
-      git commit -m "Automated test commit"
-
-      echo "modifications!" | tee edits/{staged,both}
-      touch additions/{staged,edited}
-      mv moves/{hither,thither}
-
-      git add edits moves additions
-      echo "more modifications!" | tee edits/unstaged edits/both additions/edited
-      touch additions/unstaged
-
-      find "#{test_dir}/git" -exec touch {} -t #{some_date} \\;
-      sudo chown #{user}:#{user} -R "#{test_dir}/git"
-    EOF
-
-
-    # A second Git repository
-    # for testing two at once
-    config.vm.provision :shell, privileged: false, inline: <<-EOF
-      set -xe
-      mkdir -p "#{test_dir}/git2/deeply/nested/directory"
-      cd       "#{test_dir}/git2"
-      git init
-
-      touch "deeply/nested/directory/upd8d"
-      git add "deeply/nested/directory/upd8d"
-      git commit -m "Automated test commit"
-
-      echo "Now with contents" > "deeply/nested/directory/upd8d"
-      touch "deeply/nested/directory/l8st"
-
-      echo -e "target\n*.mp3" > ".gitignore"
-      mkdir "ignoreds"
-      touch "ignoreds/music.mp3"
-      touch "ignoreds/music.m4a"
-      mkdir "ignoreds/nested"
-      touch "ignoreds/nested/70s grove.mp3"
-      touch "ignoreds/nested/funky chicken.m4a"
-
-      mkdir "target"
-      touch "target/another ignored file"
-
-      mkdir "deeply/nested/repository"
-      cd    "deeply/nested/repository"
-      git init
-      touch subfile
-
-      find "#{test_dir}/git2" -exec touch {} -t #{some_date} \\;
-      sudo chown #{user}:#{user} -R "#{test_dir}/git2"
-    EOF
-
-    # A third Git repository
-    # Regression test for https://github.com/ogham/exa/issues/526
-    config.vm.provision :shell, privileged: false, inline: <<-EOF
-      set -xe
-      mkdir -p "#{test_dir}/git3"
-      cd       "#{test_dir}/git3"
-      git init
-
-      # Create a symbolic link pointing to a non-existing file
-      ln -s aaa/aaa/a b
-
-      find "#{test_dir}/git3" -exec touch {} -t #{some_date} \\;
-      sudo chown #{user}:#{user} -R "#{test_dir}/git3"
-    EOF
-
-    # Hidden and dot file testcases.
-    # We need to set the permissions of `.` and `..` because they actually
-    # get displayed in the output here, so this has to come last.
-    config.vm.provision :shell, privileged: false, inline: <<-EOF
-      set -xe
-      shopt -u dotglob
-      GLOBIGNORE=".:.."
-
-      mkdir "#{test_dir}/hiddens"
-      touch "#{test_dir}/hiddens/visible"
-      touch "#{test_dir}/hiddens/.hidden"
-      touch "#{test_dir}/hiddens/..extra-hidden"
-
-      # ./hiddens/
-      touch -t #{some_date}      "#{test_dir}/hiddens/"*
-      chmod 644                  "#{test_dir}/hiddens/"*
-      sudo chown #{user}:#{user} "#{test_dir}/hiddens/"*
-
-      # .
-      touch -t #{some_date} "#{test_dir}/hiddens"
-      chmod 755 "#{test_dir}/hiddens"
-      sudo chown #{user}:#{user} "#{test_dir}/hiddens"
-
-      # ..
-      sudo touch -t #{some_date} "#{test_dir}"
-      sudo chmod 755 "#{test_dir}"
-      sudo chown #{user}:#{user} "#{test_dir}"
-    EOF
-
-
-    # Set up some locales
-    config.vm.provision :shell, privileged: false, inline: <<-EOF
-      set -xe
-
-      # uncomment these from the config file
-      sudo sed -i '/fr_FR.UTF-8/s/^# //g' /etc/locale.gen
-      sudo sed -i '/ja_JP.UTF-8/s/^# //g' /etc/locale.gen
-      sudo locale-gen
-    EOF
-
-
     # Install kcov for test coverage
     # This doesn’t run coverage over the xtests so it’s less useful for now
     if ENV.key?('INSTALL_KCOV')
       config.vm.provision :shell, privileged: false, inline: <<-EOF
-        set -xe
+        trap 'exit' ERR
 
         test -e ~/.cargo/bin/cargo-kcov \
           || cargo install cargo-kcov
@@ -573,5 +159,8 @@ Vagrant.configure(2) do |config|
         cargo kcov --print-install-kcov-sh | sudo sh
       EOF
     end
+
+    config.vm.provision :shell, privileged: true,  path: 'devtools/dev-set-up-environment.sh'
+    config.vm.provision :shell, privileged: false, path: 'devtools/dev-create-test-filesystem.sh'
   end
 end
diff --git a/devtools/dev-create-test-filesystem.sh b/devtools/dev-create-test-filesystem.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..68d8ad6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/devtools/dev-create-test-filesystem.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,352 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+# This script creates a bunch of awkward test case files. It gets
+# automatically run as part of Vagrant provisioning.
+trap 'exit' ERR
+
+if [[ ! -d "/vagrant" ]]; then
+    echo "This script should be run in the Vagrant environment"
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+source "/vagrant/devtools/dev-fixtures.sh"
+
+
+# Delete old testcases if they exist already, then create a
+# directory to house new ones.
+if [[ -d "$TEST_ROOT" ]]; then
+    echo -e "\033[1m[ 0/13]\033[0m Deleting existing test cases directory"
+    sudo rm -rf "$TEST_ROOT"
+fi
+
+sudo mkdir "$TEST_ROOT"
+sudo chmod 777 "$TEST_ROOT"
+
+
+# Awkward file size testcases.
+# This needs sudo to set the files’ users at the very end.
+mkdir "$TEST_ROOT/files"
+echo -e "\033[1m[ 1/13]\033[0m Creating file size testcases"
+for i in {1..13}; do
+  fallocate -l "$i" "$TEST_ROOT/files/$i"_bytes
+  fallocate -l "$i"KiB "$TEST_ROOT/files/$i"_KiB
+  fallocate -l "$i"MiB "$TEST_ROOT/files/$i"_MiB
+done
+
+touch -t $FIXED_DATE "$TEST_ROOT/files/"*
+chmod 644 "$TEST_ROOT/files/"*
+sudo chown $FIXED_USER:$FIXED_USER "$TEST_ROOT/files/"*
+
+
+# File name extension testcases.
+# These aren’t tested in details view, but we set timestamps on them to
+# test that various sort options work.
+mkdir "$TEST_ROOT/file-names-exts"
+echo -e "\033[1m[ 2/13]\033[0m Creating file name extension testcases"
+
+touch "$TEST_ROOT/file-names-exts/Makefile"
+
+touch "$TEST_ROOT/file-names-exts/IMAGE.PNG"
+touch "$TEST_ROOT/file-names-exts/image.svg"
+
+touch "$TEST_ROOT/file-names-exts/VIDEO.AVI"
+touch "$TEST_ROOT/file-names-exts/video.wmv"
+
+touch "$TEST_ROOT/file-names-exts/music.mp3"
+touch "$TEST_ROOT/file-names-exts/MUSIC.OGG"
+
+touch "$TEST_ROOT/file-names-exts/lossless.flac"
+touch "$TEST_ROOT/file-names-exts/lossless.wav"
+
+touch "$TEST_ROOT/file-names-exts/crypto.asc"
+touch "$TEST_ROOT/file-names-exts/crypto.signature"
+
+touch "$TEST_ROOT/file-names-exts/document.pdf"
+touch "$TEST_ROOT/file-names-exts/DOCUMENT.XLSX"
+
+touch "$TEST_ROOT/file-names-exts/COMPRESSED.ZIP"
+touch "$TEST_ROOT/file-names-exts/compressed.tar.gz"
+touch "$TEST_ROOT/file-names-exts/compressed.tgz"
+touch "$TEST_ROOT/file-names-exts/compressed.tar.xz"
+touch "$TEST_ROOT/file-names-exts/compressed.txz"
+touch "$TEST_ROOT/file-names-exts/compressed.deb"
+
+touch "$TEST_ROOT/file-names-exts/backup~"
+touch "$TEST_ROOT/file-names-exts/#SAVEFILE#"
+touch "$TEST_ROOT/file-names-exts/file.tmp"
+
+touch "$TEST_ROOT/file-names-exts/compiled.class"
+touch "$TEST_ROOT/file-names-exts/compiled.o"
+touch "$TEST_ROOT/file-names-exts/compiled.js"
+touch "$TEST_ROOT/file-names-exts/compiled.coffee"
+
+
+# File name testcases.
+# bash really doesn’t want you to create a file with escaped characters
+# in its name, so we have to resort to the echo builtin and touch!
+mkdir "$TEST_ROOT/file-names"
+echo -e "\033[1m[ 3/13]\033[0m Creating file names testcases"
+
+echo -ne "$TEST_ROOT/file-names/ascii: hello" | xargs -0 touch
+echo -ne "$TEST_ROOT/file-names/emoji: [🆒]"  | xargs -0 touch
+echo -ne "$TEST_ROOT/file-names/utf-8: pâté"  | xargs -0 touch
+
+echo -ne "$TEST_ROOT/file-names/bell: [\a]"         | xargs -0 touch
+echo -ne "$TEST_ROOT/file-names/backspace: [\b]"    | xargs -0 touch
+echo -ne "$TEST_ROOT/file-names/form-feed: [\f]"    | xargs -0 touch
+echo -ne "$TEST_ROOT/file-names/new-line: [\n]"     | xargs -0 touch
+echo -ne "$TEST_ROOT/file-names/return: [\r]"       | xargs -0 touch
+echo -ne "$TEST_ROOT/file-names/tab: [\t]"          | xargs -0 touch
+echo -ne "$TEST_ROOT/file-names/vertical-tab: [\v]" | xargs -0 touch
+
+echo -ne "$TEST_ROOT/file-names/escape: [\033]"               | xargs -0 touch
+echo -ne "$TEST_ROOT/file-names/ansi: [\033[34mblue\033[0m]" | xargs -0 touch
+
+echo -ne "$TEST_ROOT/file-names/invalid-utf8-1: [\xFF]"                | xargs -0 touch
+echo -ne "$TEST_ROOT/file-names/invalid-utf8-2: [\xc3\x28]"           | xargs -0 touch
+echo -ne "$TEST_ROOT/file-names/invalid-utf8-3: [\xe2\x82\x28]"      | xargs -0 touch
+echo -ne "$TEST_ROOT/file-names/invalid-utf8-4: [\xf0\x28\x8c\x28]" | xargs -0 touch
+
+echo -ne "$TEST_ROOT/file-names/new-line-dir: [\n]"                | xargs -0 mkdir
+echo -ne "$TEST_ROOT/file-names/new-line-dir: [\n]/subfile"        | xargs -0 touch
+echo -ne "$TEST_ROOT/file-names/new-line-dir: [\n]/another: [\n]" | xargs -0 touch
+echo -ne "$TEST_ROOT/file-names/new-line-dir: [\n]/broken"         | xargs -0 touch
+
+mkdir "$TEST_ROOT/file-names/links"
+ln -s "$TEST_ROOT/file-names/new-line-dir"*/* "$TEST_ROOT/file-names/links"
+
+echo -ne "$TEST_ROOT/file-names/new-line-dir: [\n]/broken" | xargs -0 rm
+
+
+# Special file testcases.
+mkdir "$TEST_ROOT/specials"
+echo -e "\033[1m[ 4/13]\033[0m Creating special file kind testcases"
+
+sudo mknod "$TEST_ROOT/specials/block-device" b  3 60
+sudo mknod "$TEST_ROOT/specials/char-device"  c 14 40
+sudo mknod "$TEST_ROOT/specials/named-pipe"   p
+
+sudo touch -t $FIXED_DATE "$TEST_ROOT/specials/"*
+
+
+# Awkward symlink testcases.
+mkdir "$TEST_ROOT/links"
+echo -e "\033[1m[ 5/13]\033[0m Creating symlink testcases"
+
+ln -s /            "$TEST_ROOT/links/root"
+ln -s /usr         "$TEST_ROOT/links/usr"
+ln -s nowhere      "$TEST_ROOT/links/broken"
+ln -s /proc/1/root "$TEST_ROOT/links/forbidden"
+
+touch "$TEST_ROOT/links/some_file"
+ln -s "$TEST_ROOT/links/some_file" "$TEST_ROOT/links/some_file_absolute"
+(cd "$TEST_ROOT/links"; ln -s "some_file" "some_file_relative")
+(cd "$TEST_ROOT/links"; ln -s "."         "current_dir")
+(cd "$TEST_ROOT/links"; ln -s ".."        "parent_dir")
+(cd "$TEST_ROOT/links"; ln -s "itself"    "itself")
+
+
+# Awkward passwd testcases.
+# sudo is needed for these because we technically aren’t a member
+# of the groups (because they don’t exist), and chown and chgrp
+# are smart enough to disallow it!
+mkdir "$TEST_ROOT/passwd"
+echo -e "\033[1m[ 6/13]\033[0m Creating user and group testcases"
+
+touch -t $FIXED_DATE                  "$TEST_ROOT/passwd/unknown-uid"
+chmod 644                             "$TEST_ROOT/passwd/unknown-uid"
+sudo chown $FIXED_BAD_UID:$FIXED_USER "$TEST_ROOT/passwd/unknown-uid"
+
+touch -t $FIXED_DATE                  "$TEST_ROOT/passwd/unknown-gid"
+chmod 644                             "$TEST_ROOT/passwd/unknown-gid"
+sudo chown $FIXED_USER:$FIXED_BAD_GID "$TEST_ROOT/passwd/unknown-gid"
+
+
+# Awkward permission testcases.
+# Differences in the way ‘chmod’ handles setting ‘setuid’ and ‘setgid’
+# when you don’t already own the file mean that we need to use ‘sudo’
+# to change permissions to those.
+mkdir "$TEST_ROOT/permissions"
+echo -e "\033[1m[ 7/13]\033[0m Creating file permission testcases"
+
+mkdir                              "$TEST_ROOT/permissions/forbidden-directory"
+chmod 000                          "$TEST_ROOT/permissions/forbidden-directory"
+touch -t $FIXED_DATE               "$TEST_ROOT/permissions/forbidden-directory"
+sudo chown $FIXED_USER:$FIXED_USER "$TEST_ROOT/permissions/forbidden-directory"
+
+for perms in 000 001 002 004 010 020 040 100 200 400 644 755 777 1000 1001 2000 2010 4000 4100 7666 7777; do
+    touch                              "$TEST_ROOT/permissions/$perms"
+    sudo chown $FIXED_USER:$FIXED_USER "$TEST_ROOT/permissions/$perms"
+    sudo chmod $perms                  "$TEST_ROOT/permissions/$perms"
+    sudo touch -t $FIXED_DATE          "$TEST_ROOT/permissions/$perms"
+done
+
+
+# Awkward date and time testcases.
+mkdir "$TEST_ROOT/dates"
+echo -e "\033[1m[ 8/13]\033[0m Creating date and time testcases"
+
+# created dates
+# there’s no way to touch the created date of a file...
+# so we have to do this the old-fashioned way!
+# (and make sure these don't actually get listed)
+touch -t $OLD_DATE    "$TEST_ROOT/dates/peach";  sleep 1
+touch -t $MED_DATE    "$TEST_ROOT/dates/plum";   sleep 1
+touch -t $NEW_DATE    "$TEST_ROOT/dates/pear"
+
+# modified dates
+touch -t $OLD_DATE -m "$TEST_ROOT/dates/pear"
+touch -t $MED_DATE -m "$TEST_ROOT/dates/peach"
+touch -t $NEW_DATE -m "$TEST_ROOT/dates/plum"
+
+# accessed dates
+touch -t $OLD_DATE -a "$TEST_ROOT/dates/plum"
+touch -t $MED_DATE -a "$TEST_ROOT/dates/pear"
+touch -t $NEW_DATE -a "$TEST_ROOT/dates/peach"
+
+sudo chown $FIXED_USER:$FIXED_USER -R "$TEST_ROOT/dates"
+
+
+# Awkward extended attribute testcases.
+# We need to test combinations of various numbers of files *and*
+# extended attributes in directories. Turns out, the easiest way to
+# do this is to generate all combinations of files with “one-xattr”
+# or “two-xattrs” in their name and directories with “empty” or
+# “one-file” in their name, then just give the right number of
+# xattrs and children to those.
+mkdir "$TEST_ROOT/attributes"
+echo -e "\033[1m[ 9/13]\033[0m Creating extended attribute testcases"
+
+mkdir "$TEST_ROOT/attributes/files"
+touch "$TEST_ROOT/attributes/files/"{no-xattrs,one-xattr,two-xattrs}{,_forbidden}
+
+mkdir "$TEST_ROOT/attributes/dirs"
+mkdir "$TEST_ROOT/attributes/dirs/"{no-xattrs,one-xattr,two-xattrs}_{empty,one-file,two-files}{,_forbidden}
+
+setfattr -n user.greeting         -v hello "$TEST_ROOT/attributes"/**/*{one-xattr,two-xattrs}*
+setfattr -n user.another_greeting -v hi    "$TEST_ROOT/attributes"/**/*two-xattrs*
+
+for dir in "$TEST_ROOT/attributes/dirs/"*one-file*; do
+    touch $dir/file-in-question
+done
+
+for dir in "$TEST_ROOT/attributes/dirs/"*two-files*; do
+    touch $dir/this-file
+    touch $dir/that-file
+done
+
+find "$TEST_ROOT/attributes" -exec touch {} -t $FIXED_DATE \;
+
+# I want to use the following to test,
+# but it only works on macos:
+#chmod +a "$FIXED_USER deny readextattr" "$TEST_ROOT/attributes"/**/*_forbidden
+
+sudo chmod 000                        "$TEST_ROOT/attributes"/**/*_forbidden
+sudo chown $FIXED_USER:$FIXED_USER -R "$TEST_ROOT/attributes"
+
+
+# A sample Git repository
+# This uses cd because it's easier than telling Git where to go each time
+echo -e "\033[1m[10/13]\033[0m Creating Git testcases (1/3)"
+mkdir "$TEST_ROOT/git"
+cd    "$TEST_ROOT/git"
+git init >/dev/null
+
+mkdir edits additions moves
+
+echo "original content" | tee edits/{staged,unstaged,both} >/dev/null
+echo "this file gets moved" > moves/hither
+
+git add edits moves
+git config --global user.email "exa@exa.exa"
+git config --global user.name "Exa Exa"
+git commit -m "Automated test commit" >/dev/null
+
+echo "modifications!" | tee edits/{staged,both} >/dev/null
+touch additions/{staged,edited}
+mv moves/{hither,thither}
+
+git add edits moves additions
+echo "more modifications!" | tee edits/unstaged edits/both additions/edited >/dev/null
+touch additions/unstaged
+
+find "$TEST_ROOT/git" -exec touch {} -t $FIXED_DATE \;
+sudo chown $FIXED_USER:$FIXED_USER -R "$TEST_ROOT/git"
+
+
+# A second Git repository
+# for testing two at once
+echo -e "\033[1m[11/13]\033[0m Creating Git testcases (2/3)"
+mkdir -p "$TEST_ROOT/git2/deeply/nested/directory"
+cd       "$TEST_ROOT/git2"
+git init >/dev/null
+
+touch "deeply/nested/directory/upd8d"
+git add "deeply/nested/directory/upd8d"
+git commit -m "Automated test commit" >/dev/null
+
+echo "Now with contents" > "deeply/nested/directory/upd8d"
+touch "deeply/nested/directory/l8st"
+
+echo -e "target\n*.mp3" > ".gitignore"
+mkdir "ignoreds"
+touch "ignoreds/music.mp3"
+touch "ignoreds/music.m4a"
+mkdir "ignoreds/nested"
+touch "ignoreds/nested/70s grove.mp3"
+touch "ignoreds/nested/funky chicken.m4a"
+
+mkdir "target"
+touch "target/another ignored file"
+
+mkdir "deeply/nested/repository"
+cd    "deeply/nested/repository"
+git init >/dev/null
+touch subfile
+
+find "$TEST_ROOT/git2" -exec touch {} -t $FIXED_DATE \;
+sudo chown $FIXED_USER:$FIXED_USER -R "$TEST_ROOT/git2"
+
+
+# A third Git repository
+# Regression test for https://github.com/ogham/exa/issues/526
+echo -e "\033[1m[12/13]\033[0m Creating Git testcases (3/3)"
+mkdir -p "$TEST_ROOT/git3"
+cd       "$TEST_ROOT/git3"
+git init >/dev/null
+
+# Create a symbolic link pointing to a non-existing file
+ln -s aaa/aaa/a b
+
+# This normally fails with:
+#  touch: cannot touch '/testcases/git3/b': No such file or directory
+# but that’s expected (the file deliberately does not exist)
+find "$TEST_ROOT/git3" -exec touch {} -t $FIXED_DATE \; 2>/dev/null
+sudo chown $FIXED_USER:$FIXED_USER -R "$TEST_ROOT/git3"
+
+
+# Hidden and dot file testcases.
+# We need to set the permissions of `.` and `..` because they actually
+# get displayed in the output here, so this has to come last.
+echo -e "\033[1m[13/13]\033[0m Creating hidden and dot file testcases"
+shopt -u dotglob
+GLOBIGNORE=".:.."
+
+mkdir "$TEST_ROOT/hiddens"
+touch "$TEST_ROOT/hiddens/visible"
+touch "$TEST_ROOT/hiddens/.hidden"
+touch "$TEST_ROOT/hiddens/..extra-hidden"
+
+# ./hiddens/
+touch -t $FIXED_DATE               "$TEST_ROOT/hiddens/"*
+chmod 644                          "$TEST_ROOT/hiddens/"*
+sudo chown $FIXED_USER:$FIXED_USER "$TEST_ROOT/hiddens/"*
+
+# .
+touch -t $FIXED_DATE               "$TEST_ROOT/hiddens"
+chmod 755                          "$TEST_ROOT/hiddens"
+sudo chown $FIXED_USER:$FIXED_USER "$TEST_ROOT/hiddens"
+
+# ..
+sudo touch -t $FIXED_DATE          "$TEST_ROOT"
+sudo chmod 755                     "$TEST_ROOT"
+sudo chown $FIXED_USER:$FIXED_USER "$TEST_ROOT"
diff --git a/devtools/dev-fixtures.sh b/devtools/dev-fixtures.sh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..50c69a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/devtools/dev-fixtures.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+# This file contains the text fixtures — the known, constant data — that are
+# used when setting up the environment that exa’s tests get run in.
+
+
+# The directory that all the test files are created under.
+export TEST_ROOT=/testcases
+
+
+# Because the timestamps are formatted differently depending on whether
+# they’re in the current year or not (see `details.rs`), we have to make
+# sure that the files are created in the current year, so they get shown
+# in the format we expect.
+export CURRENT_YEAR=$(date "+%Y")
+export FIXED_DATE="${CURRENT_YEAR}01011234.56"  # 1st January, 12:34:56
+
+
+# We also need an UID and a GID that are guaranteed to not exist, to
+# test what happen when they don’t.
+export FIXED_BAD_UID=666
+export FIXED_BAD_GID=616
+
+
+# We create two users that own the test files.
+#
+# The first one just owns the ordinary ones, because we don’t want the
+# test outputs to depend on “vagrant” or “ubuntu” existing.
+#
+# The second one has a long name, to test that the file owner column
+# widens correctly. The benefit of Vagrant is that we don’t need to
+# set this up on the *actual* system!
+export FIXED_USER="cassowary"
+export FIXED_LONG_USER="antidisestablishmentarienism"
+
+
+# A couple of dates, for date-time testing.
+export OLD_DATE='200303030000.00'
+export MED_DATE='200606152314.29'   # the june gets used for fr_FR locale tests
+export NEW_DATE='200912221038.53'   # and the december for ja_JP local tests
diff --git a/devtools/dev-set-up-environment.sh b/devtools/dev-set-up-environment.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..97c3303
--- /dev/null
+++ b/devtools/dev-set-up-environment.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+if [[ ! -d "/vagrant" ]]; then
+    echo "This script should be run in the Vagrant environment"
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+if [[ $EUID -ne 0 ]]; then
+    echo "This script should be run as root"
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+source "/vagrant/devtools/dev-fixtures.sh"
+
+
+# create our test users
+
+if id -u $FIXED_USER &>/dev/null; then
+    echo "Normal user already exists"
+else
+    echo "Creating normal user"
+    useradd $FIXED_USER
+fi
+
+if id -u $FIXED_LONG_USER &>/dev/null; then
+    echo "Long user already exists"
+else
+    echo "Creating long user"
+    useradd $FIXED_LONG_USER
+fi
+
+
+# set up locales
+
+# uncomment these from the config file
+sudo sed -i '/fr_FR.UTF-8/s/^# //g' /etc/locale.gen
+sudo sed -i '/ja_JP.UTF-8/s/^# //g' /etc/locale.gen
+
+sudo locale-gen