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-%%
-%% IEEEtran.bst
-%% BibTeX Bibliography Style file for IEEE Journals and Conferences (unsorted)
-%% Version 1.12 (2007/01/11)
-%%
-%% Copyright (c) 2003-2007 Michael Shell
-%%
-%% Original starting code base and algorithms obtained from the output of
-%% Patrick W. Daly's makebst package as well as from prior versions of
-%% IEEE BibTeX styles:
-%%
-%% 1. Howard Trickey and Oren Patashnik's ieeetr.bst (1985/1988)
-%% 2. Silvano Balemi and Richard H. Roy's IEEEbib.bst (1993)
-%%
-%% Support sites:
-%% http://www.michaelshell.org/tex/ieeetran/
-%% http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/IEEEtran/
-%% and/or
-%% http://www.ieee.org/
-%%
-%% For use with BibTeX version 0.99a or later
-%%
-%% This is a numerical citation style.
-%%
-%%*************************************************************************
-%% Legal Notice:
-%% This code is offered as-is without any warranty either expressed or
-%% implied; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
-%% FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE!
-%% User assumes all risk.
-%% In no event shall IEEE or any contributor to this code be liable for
-%% any damages or losses, including, but not limited to, incidental,
-%% consequential, or any other damages, resulting from the use or misuse
-%% of any information contained here.
-%%
-%% All comments are the opinions of their respective authors and are not
-%% necessarily endorsed by the IEEE.
-%%
-%% This work is distributed under the LaTeX Project Public License (LPPL)
-%% ( http://www.latex-project.org/ ) version 1.3, and may be freely used,
-%% distributed and modified. A copy of the LPPL, version 1.3, is included
-%% in the base LaTeX documentation of all distributions of LaTeX released
-%% 2003/12/01 or later.
-%% Retain all contribution notices and credits.
-%% ** Modified files should be clearly indicated as such, including **
-%% ** renaming them and changing author support contact information. **
-%%
-%% File list of work: IEEEabrv.bib, IEEEfull.bib, IEEEexample.bib,
-%% IEEEtran.bst, IEEEtranS.bst, IEEEtranSA.bst,
-%% IEEEtranN.bst, IEEEtranSN.bst, IEEEtran_bst_HOWTO.pdf
-%%*************************************************************************
-%
-%
-% Changelog:
-%
-% 1.00 (2002/08/13) Initial release
-%
-% 1.10 (2002/09/27)
-% 1. Corrected minor bug for improperly formed warning message when a
-% book was not given a title. Thanks to Ming Kin Lai for reporting this.
-% 2. Added support for CTLname_format_string and CTLname_latex_cmd fields
-% in the BST control entry type.
-%
-% 1.11 (2003/04/02)
-% 1. Fixed bug with URLs containing underscores when using url.sty. Thanks
-% to Ming Kin Lai for reporting this.
-%
-% 1.12 (2007/01/11)
-% 1. Fixed bug with unwanted comma before "et al." when an entry contained
-% more than two author names. Thanks to Pallav Gupta for reporting this.
-% 2. Fixed bug with anomalous closing quote in tech reports that have a
-% type, but without a number or address. Thanks to Mehrdad Mirreza for
-% reporting this.
-% 3. Use braces in \providecommand in begin.bib to better support
-% latex2html. TeX style length assignments OK with recent versions
-% of latex2html - 1.71 (2002/2/1) or later is strongly recommended.
-% Use of the language field still causes trouble with latex2html.
-% Thanks to Federico Beffa for reporting this.
-% 4. Added IEEEtran.bst ID and version comment string to .bbl output.
-% 5. Provide a \BIBdecl hook that allows the user to execute commands
-% just prior to the first entry.
-% 6. Use default urlstyle (is using url.sty) of "same" rather than rm to
-% better work with a wider variety of bibliography styles.
-% 7. Changed month abbreviations from Sept., July and June to Sep., Jul.,
-% and Jun., respectively, as IEEE now does. Thanks to Moritz Borgmann
-% for reporting this.
-% 8. Control entry types should not be considered when calculating longest
-% label width.
-% 9. Added alias www for electronic/online.
-% 10. Added CTLname_url_prefix control entry type.
-
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%% DEFAULTS FOR THE CONTROLS OF THE BST STYLE %%
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-
-% These are the defaults for the user adjustable controls. The values used
-% here can be overridden by the user via IEEEtranBSTCTL entry type.
-
-% NOTE: The recommended LaTeX command to invoke a control entry type is:
-%
-%\makeatletter
-%\def\bstctlcite{\@ifnextchar[{\@bstctlcite}{\@bstctlcite[@auxout]}}
-%\def\@bstctlcite[#1]#2{\@bsphack
-% \@for\@citeb:=#2\do{%
-% \edef\@citeb{\expandafter\@firstofone\@citeb}%
-% \if@filesw\immediate\write\csname #1\endcsname{\string\citation{\@citeb}}\fi}%
-% \@esphack}
-%\makeatother
-%
-% It is called at the start of the document, before the first \cite, like:
-% \bstctlcite{IEEEexample:BSTcontrol}
-%
-% IEEEtran.cls V1.6 and later does provide this command.
-
-
-
-% #0 turns off the display of the number for articles.
-% #1 enables
-FUNCTION {default.is.use.number.for.article} { #1 }
-
-
-% #0 turns off the display of the paper and type fields in @inproceedings.
-% #1 enables
-FUNCTION {default.is.use.paper} { #1 }
-
-
-% #0 turns off the forced use of "et al."
-% #1 enables
-FUNCTION {default.is.forced.et.al} { #0 }
-
-% The maximum number of names that can be present beyond which an "et al."
-% usage is forced. Be sure that num.names.shown.with.forced.et.al (below)
-% is not greater than this value!
-% Note: There are many instances of references in IEEE journals which have
-% a very large number of authors as well as instances in which "et al." is
-% used profusely.
-FUNCTION {default.max.num.names.before.forced.et.al} { #10 }
-
-% The number of names that will be shown with a forced "et al.".
-% Must be less than or equal to max.num.names.before.forced.et.al
-FUNCTION {default.num.names.shown.with.forced.et.al} { #1 }
-
-
-% #0 turns off the alternate interword spacing for entries with URLs.
-% #1 enables
-FUNCTION {default.is.use.alt.interword.spacing} { #1 }
-
-% If alternate interword spacing for entries with URLs is enabled, this is
-% the interword spacing stretch factor that will be used. For example, the
-% default "4" here means that the interword spacing in entries with URLs can
-% stretch to four times normal. Does not have to be an integer. Note that
-% the value specified here can be overridden by the user in their LaTeX
-% code via a command such as:
-% "\providecommand\BIBentryALTinterwordstretchfactor{1.5}" in addition to
-% that via the IEEEtranBSTCTL entry type.
-FUNCTION {default.ALTinterwordstretchfactor} { "4" }
-
-
-% #0 turns off the "dashification" of repeated (i.e., identical to those
-% of the previous entry) names. IEEE normally does this.
-% #1 enables
-FUNCTION {default.is.dash.repeated.names} { #1 }
-
-
-% The default name format control string.
-FUNCTION {default.name.format.string}{ "{f.~}{vv~}{ll}{, jj}" }
-
-
-% The default LaTeX font command for the names.
-FUNCTION {default.name.latex.cmd}{ "" }
-
-
-% The default URL prefix.
-FUNCTION {default.name.url.prefix}{ "[Online]. Available:" }
-
-
-% Other controls that cannot be accessed via IEEEtranBSTCTL entry type.
-
-% #0 turns off the terminal startup banner/completed message so as to
-% operate more quietly.
-% #1 enables
-FUNCTION {is.print.banners.to.terminal} { #1 }
-
-
-
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%% FILE VERSION AND BANNER %%
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-
-FUNCTION{bst.file.version} { "1.12" }
-FUNCTION{bst.file.date} { "2007/01/11" }
-FUNCTION{bst.file.website} { "http://www.michaelshell.org/tex/ieeetran/bibtex/" }
-
-FUNCTION {banner.message}
-{ is.print.banners.to.terminal
- { "-- IEEEtran.bst version" " " * bst.file.version *
- " (" * bst.file.date * ") " * "by Michael Shell." *
- top$
- "-- " bst.file.website *
- top$
- "-- See the " quote$ * "IEEEtran_bst_HOWTO.pdf" * quote$ * " manual for usage information." *
- top$
- }
- { skip$ }
- if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION {completed.message}
-{ is.print.banners.to.terminal
- { ""
- top$
- "Done."
- top$
- }
- { skip$ }
- if$
-}
-
-
-
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%% STRING CONSTANTS %%
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-
-FUNCTION {bbl.and}{ "and" }
-FUNCTION {bbl.etal}{ "et~al." }
-FUNCTION {bbl.editors}{ "eds." }
-FUNCTION {bbl.editor}{ "ed." }
-FUNCTION {bbl.edition}{ "ed." }
-FUNCTION {bbl.volume}{ "vol." }
-FUNCTION {bbl.of}{ "of" }
-FUNCTION {bbl.number}{ "no." }
-FUNCTION {bbl.in}{ "in" }
-FUNCTION {bbl.pages}{ "pp." }
-FUNCTION {bbl.page}{ "p." }
-FUNCTION {bbl.chapter}{ "ch." }
-FUNCTION {bbl.paper}{ "paper" }
-FUNCTION {bbl.part}{ "pt." }
-FUNCTION {bbl.patent}{ "Patent" }
-FUNCTION {bbl.patentUS}{ "U.S." }
-FUNCTION {bbl.revision}{ "Rev." }
-FUNCTION {bbl.series}{ "ser." }
-FUNCTION {bbl.standard}{ "Std." }
-FUNCTION {bbl.techrep}{ "Tech. Rep." }
-FUNCTION {bbl.mthesis}{ "Master's thesis" }
-FUNCTION {bbl.phdthesis}{ "Ph.D. dissertation" }
-FUNCTION {bbl.st}{ "st" }
-FUNCTION {bbl.nd}{ "nd" }
-FUNCTION {bbl.rd}{ "rd" }
-FUNCTION {bbl.th}{ "th" }
-
-
-% This is the LaTeX spacer that is used when a larger than normal space
-% is called for (such as just before the address:publisher).
-FUNCTION {large.space} { "\hskip 1em plus 0.5em minus 0.4em\relax " }
-
-% The LaTeX code for dashes that are used to represent repeated names.
-% Note: Some older IEEE journals used something like
-% "\rule{0.275in}{0.5pt}\," which is fairly thick and runs right along
-% the baseline. However, IEEE now uses a thinner, above baseline,
-% six dash long sequence.
-FUNCTION {repeated.name.dashes} { "------" }
-
-
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%% PREDEFINED STRING MACROS %%
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-
-MACRO {jan} {"Jan."}
-MACRO {feb} {"Feb."}
-MACRO {mar} {"Mar."}
-MACRO {apr} {"Apr."}
-MACRO {may} {"May"}
-MACRO {jun} {"Jun."}
-MACRO {jul} {"Jul."}
-MACRO {aug} {"Aug."}
-MACRO {sep} {"Sep."}
-MACRO {oct} {"Oct."}
-MACRO {nov} {"Nov."}
-MACRO {dec} {"Dec."}
-
-
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%% ENTRY FIELDS %%
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-
-ENTRY
- { address
- assignee
- author
- booktitle
- chapter
- day
- dayfiled
- edition
- editor
- howpublished
- institution
- intype
- journal
- key
- language
- month
- monthfiled
- nationality
- note
- number
- organization
- pages
- paper
- publisher
- school
- series
- revision
- title
- type
- url
- volume
- year
- yearfiled
- CTLuse_article_number
- CTLuse_paper
- CTLuse_forced_etal
- CTLmax_names_forced_etal
- CTLnames_show_etal
- CTLuse_alt_spacing
- CTLalt_stretch_factor
- CTLdash_repeated_names
- CTLname_format_string
- CTLname_latex_cmd
- CTLname_url_prefix
- }
- {}
- { label }
-
-
-
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%% INTEGER VARIABLES %%
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-
-INTEGERS { prev.status.punct this.status.punct punct.std
- punct.no punct.comma punct.period
- prev.status.space this.status.space space.std
- space.no space.normal space.large
- prev.status.quote this.status.quote quote.std
- quote.no quote.close
- prev.status.nline this.status.nline nline.std
- nline.no nline.newblock
- status.cap cap.std
- cap.no cap.yes}
-
-INTEGERS { longest.label.width multiresult nameptr namesleft number.label numnames }
-
-INTEGERS { is.use.number.for.article
- is.use.paper
- is.forced.et.al
- max.num.names.before.forced.et.al
- num.names.shown.with.forced.et.al
- is.use.alt.interword.spacing
- is.dash.repeated.names}
-
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%% STRING VARIABLES %%
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-
-STRINGS { bibinfo
- longest.label
- oldname
- s
- t
- ALTinterwordstretchfactor
- name.format.string
- name.latex.cmd
- name.url.prefix}
-
-
-
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%% LOW LEVEL FUNCTIONS %%
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-
-FUNCTION {initialize.controls}
-{ default.is.use.number.for.article 'is.use.number.for.article :=
- default.is.use.paper 'is.use.paper :=
- default.is.forced.et.al 'is.forced.et.al :=
- default.max.num.names.before.forced.et.al 'max.num.names.before.forced.et.al :=
- default.num.names.shown.with.forced.et.al 'num.names.shown.with.forced.et.al :=
- default.is.use.alt.interword.spacing 'is.use.alt.interword.spacing :=
- default.is.dash.repeated.names 'is.dash.repeated.names :=
- default.ALTinterwordstretchfactor 'ALTinterwordstretchfactor :=
- default.name.format.string 'name.format.string :=
- default.name.latex.cmd 'name.latex.cmd :=
- default.name.url.prefix 'name.url.prefix :=
-}
-
-
-% This IEEEtran.bst features a very powerful and flexible mechanism for
-% controlling the capitalization, punctuation, spacing, quotation, and
-% newlines of the formatted entry fields. (Note: IEEEtran.bst does not need
-% or use the newline/newblock feature, but it has been implemented for
-% possible future use.) The output states of IEEEtran.bst consist of
-% multiple independent attributes and, as such, can be thought of as being
-% vectors, rather than the simple scalar values ("before.all",
-% "mid.sentence", etc.) used in most other .bst files.
-%
-% The more flexible and complex design used here was motivated in part by
-% IEEE's rather unusual bibliography style. For example, IEEE ends the
-% previous field item with a period and large space prior to the publisher
-% address; the @electronic entry types use periods as inter-item punctuation
-% rather than the commas used by the other entry types; and URLs are never
-% followed by periods even though they are the last item in the entry.
-% Although it is possible to accommodate these features with the conventional
-% output state system, the seemingly endless exceptions make for convoluted,
-% unreliable and difficult to maintain code.
-%
-% IEEEtran.bst's output state system can be easily understood via a simple
-% illustration of two most recently formatted entry fields (on the stack):
-%
-% CURRENT_ITEM
-% "PREVIOUS_ITEM
-%
-% which, in this example, is to eventually appear in the bibliography as:
-%
-% "PREVIOUS_ITEM," CURRENT_ITEM
-%
-% It is the job of the output routine to take the previous item off of the
-% stack (while leaving the current item at the top of the stack), apply its
-% trailing punctuation (including closing quote marks) and spacing, and then
-% to write the result to BibTeX's output buffer:
-%
-% "PREVIOUS_ITEM,"
-%
-% Punctuation (and spacing) between items is often determined by both of the
-% items rather than just the first one. The presence of quotation marks
-% further complicates the situation because, in standard English, trailing
-% punctuation marks are supposed to be contained within the quotes.
-%
-% IEEEtran.bst maintains two output state (aka "status") vectors which
-% correspond to the previous and current (aka "this") items. Each vector
-% consists of several independent attributes which track punctuation,
-% spacing, quotation, and newlines. Capitalization status is handled by a
-% separate scalar because the format routines, not the output routine,
-% handle capitalization and, therefore, there is no need to maintain the
-% capitalization attribute for both the "previous" and "this" items.
-%
-% When a format routine adds a new item, it copies the current output status
-% vector to the previous output status vector and (usually) resets the
-% current (this) output status vector to a "standard status" vector. Using a
-% "standard status" vector in this way allows us to redefine what we mean by
-% "standard status" at the start of each entry handler and reuse the same
-% format routines under the various inter-item separation schemes. For
-% example, the standard status vector for the @book entry type may use
-% commas for item separators, while the @electronic type may use periods,
-% yet both entry handlers exploit many of the exact same format routines.
-%
-% Because format routines have write access to the output status vector of
-% the previous item, they can override the punctuation choices of the
-% previous format routine! Therefore, it becomes trivial to implement rules
-% such as "Always use a period and a large space before the publisher." By
-% pushing the generation of the closing quote mark to the output routine, we
-% avoid all the problems caused by having to close a quote before having all
-% the information required to determine what the punctuation should be.
-%
-% The IEEEtran.bst output state system can easily be expanded if needed.
-% For instance, it is easy to add a "space.tie" attribute value if the
-% bibliography rules mandate that two items have to be joined with an
-% unbreakable space.
-
-FUNCTION {initialize.status.constants}
-{ #0 'punct.no :=
- #1 'punct.comma :=
- #2 'punct.period :=
- #0 'space.no :=
- #1 'space.normal :=
- #2 'space.large :=
- #0 'quote.no :=
- #1 'quote.close :=
- #0 'cap.no :=
- #1 'cap.yes :=
- #0 'nline.no :=
- #1 'nline.newblock :=
-}
-
-FUNCTION {std.status.using.comma}
-{ punct.comma 'punct.std :=
- space.normal 'space.std :=
- quote.no 'quote.std :=
- nline.no 'nline.std :=
- cap.no 'cap.std :=
-}
-
-FUNCTION {std.status.using.period}
-{ punct.period 'punct.std :=
- space.normal 'space.std :=
- quote.no 'quote.std :=
- nline.no 'nline.std :=
- cap.yes 'cap.std :=
-}
-
-FUNCTION {initialize.prev.this.status}
-{ punct.no 'prev.status.punct :=
- space.no 'prev.status.space :=
- quote.no 'prev.status.quote :=
- nline.no 'prev.status.nline :=
- punct.no 'this.status.punct :=
- space.no 'this.status.space :=
- quote.no 'this.status.quote :=
- nline.no 'this.status.nline :=
- cap.yes 'status.cap :=
-}
-
-FUNCTION {this.status.std}
-{ punct.std 'this.status.punct :=
- space.std 'this.status.space :=
- quote.std 'this.status.quote :=
- nline.std 'this.status.nline :=
-}
-
-FUNCTION {cap.status.std}{ cap.std 'status.cap := }
-
-FUNCTION {this.to.prev.status}
-{ this.status.punct 'prev.status.punct :=
- this.status.space 'prev.status.space :=
- this.status.quote 'prev.status.quote :=
- this.status.nline 'prev.status.nline :=
-}
-
-
-FUNCTION {not}
-{ { #0 }
- { #1 }
- if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION {and}
-{ { skip$ }
- { pop$ #0 }
- if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION {or}
-{ { pop$ #1 }
- { skip$ }
- if$
-}
-
-
-% convert the strings "yes" or "no" to #1 or #0 respectively
-FUNCTION {yes.no.to.int}
-{ "l" change.case$ duplicate$
- "yes" =
- { pop$ #1 }
- { duplicate$ "no" =
- { pop$ #0 }
- { "unknown boolean " quote$ * swap$ * quote$ *
- " in " * cite$ * warning$
- #0
- }
- if$
- }
- if$
-}
-
-
-% pushes true if the single char string on the stack is in the
-% range of "0" to "9"
-FUNCTION {is.num}
-{ chr.to.int$
- duplicate$ "0" chr.to.int$ < not
- swap$ "9" chr.to.int$ > not and
-}
-
-% multiplies the integer on the stack by a factor of 10
-FUNCTION {bump.int.mag}
-{ #0 'multiresult :=
- { duplicate$ #0 > }
- { #1 -
- multiresult #10 +
- 'multiresult :=
- }
- while$
-pop$
-multiresult
-}
-
-% converts a single character string on the stack to an integer
-FUNCTION {char.to.integer}
-{ duplicate$
- is.num
- { chr.to.int$ "0" chr.to.int$ - }
- {"noninteger character " quote$ * swap$ * quote$ *
- " in integer field of " * cite$ * warning$
- #0
- }
- if$
-}
-
-% converts a string on the stack to an integer
-FUNCTION {string.to.integer}
-{ duplicate$ text.length$ 'namesleft :=
- #1 'nameptr :=
- #0 'numnames :=
- { nameptr namesleft > not }
- { duplicate$ nameptr #1 substring$
- char.to.integer numnames bump.int.mag +
- 'numnames :=
- nameptr #1 +
- 'nameptr :=
- }
- while$
-pop$
-numnames
-}
-
-
-
-
-% The output routines write out the *next* to the top (previous) item on the
-% stack, adding punctuation and such as needed. Since IEEEtran.bst maintains
-% the output status for the top two items on the stack, these output
-% routines have to consider the previous output status (which corresponds to
-% the item that is being output). Full independent control of punctuation,
-% closing quote marks, spacing, and newblock is provided.
-%
-% "output.nonnull" does not check for the presence of a previous empty
-% item.
-%
-% "output" does check for the presence of a previous empty item and will
-% remove an empty item rather than outputing it.
-%
-% "output.warn" is like "output", but will issue a warning if it detects
-% an empty item.
-
-FUNCTION {output.nonnull}
-{ swap$
- prev.status.punct punct.comma =
- { "," * }
- { skip$ }
- if$
- prev.status.punct punct.period =
- { add.period$ }
- { skip$ }
- if$
- prev.status.quote quote.close =
- { "''" * }
- { skip$ }
- if$
- prev.status.space space.normal =
- { " " * }
- { skip$ }
- if$
- prev.status.space space.large =
- { large.space * }
- { skip$ }
- if$
- write$
- prev.status.nline nline.newblock =
- { newline$ "\newblock " write$ }
- { skip$ }
- if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION {output}
-{ duplicate$ empty$
- 'pop$
- 'output.nonnull
- if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION {output.warn}
-{ 't :=
- duplicate$ empty$
- { pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
- 'output.nonnull
- if$
-}
-
-% "fin.entry" is the output routine that handles the last item of the entry
-% (which will be on the top of the stack when "fin.entry" is called).
-
-FUNCTION {fin.entry}
-{ this.status.punct punct.no =
- { skip$ }
- { add.period$ }
- if$
- this.status.quote quote.close =
- { "''" * }
- { skip$ }
- if$
-write$
-newline$
-}
-
-
-FUNCTION {is.last.char.not.punct}
-{ duplicate$
- "}" * add.period$
- #-1 #1 substring$ "." =
-}
-
-FUNCTION {is.multiple.pages}
-{ 't :=
- #0 'multiresult :=
- { multiresult not
- t empty$ not
- and
- }
- { t #1 #1 substring$
- duplicate$ "-" =
- swap$ duplicate$ "," =
- swap$ "+" =
- or or
- { #1 'multiresult := }
- { t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := }
- if$
- }
- while$
- multiresult
-}
-
-FUNCTION {capitalize}{ "u" change.case$ "t" change.case$ }
-
-FUNCTION {emphasize}
-{ duplicate$ empty$
- { pop$ "" }
- { "\emph{" swap$ * "}" * }
- if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION {do.name.latex.cmd}
-{ name.latex.cmd
- empty$
- { skip$ }
- { name.latex.cmd "{" * swap$ * "}" * }
- if$
-}
-
-% IEEEtran.bst uses its own \BIBforeignlanguage command which directly
-% invokes the TeX hyphenation patterns without the need of the Babel
-% package. Babel does a lot more than switch hyphenation patterns and
-% its loading can cause unintended effects in many class files (such as
-% IEEEtran.cls).
-FUNCTION {select.language}
-{ duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
- { language empty$ 'skip$
- { "\BIBforeignlanguage{" language * "}{" * swap$ * "}" * }
- if$
- }
- if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION {tie.or.space.prefix}
-{ duplicate$ text.length$ #3 <
- { "~" }
- { " " }
- if$
- swap$
-}
-
-FUNCTION {get.bbl.editor}
-{ editor num.names$ #1 > 'bbl.editors 'bbl.editor if$ }
-
-FUNCTION {space.word}{ " " swap$ * " " * }
-
-
-% Field Conditioners, Converters, Checkers and External Interfaces
-
-FUNCTION {empty.field.to.null.string}
-{ duplicate$ empty$
- { pop$ "" }
- { skip$ }
- if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION {either.or.check}
-{ empty$
- { pop$ }
- { "can't use both " swap$ * " fields in " * cite$ * warning$ }
- if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION {empty.entry.warn}
-{ author empty$ title empty$ howpublished empty$
- month empty$ year empty$ note empty$ url empty$
- and and and and and and
- { "all relevant fields are empty in " cite$ * warning$ }
- 'skip$
- if$
-}
-
-
-% The bibinfo system provides a way for the electronic parsing/acquisition
-% of a bibliography's contents as is done by ReVTeX. For example, a field
-% could be entered into the bibliography as:
-% \bibinfo{volume}{2}
-% Only the "2" would show up in the document, but the LaTeX \bibinfo command
-% could do additional things with the information. IEEEtran.bst does provide
-% a \bibinfo command via "\providecommand{\bibinfo}[2]{#2}". However, it is
-% currently not used as the bogus bibinfo functions defined here output the
-% entry values directly without the \bibinfo wrapper. The bibinfo functions
-% themselves (and the calls to them) are retained for possible future use.
-%
-% bibinfo.check avoids acting on missing fields while bibinfo.warn will
-% issue a warning message if a missing field is detected. Prior to calling
-% the bibinfo functions, the user should push the field value and then its
-% name string, in that order.
-
-FUNCTION {bibinfo.check}
-{ swap$ duplicate$ missing$
- { pop$ pop$ "" }
- { duplicate$ empty$
- { swap$ pop$ }
- { swap$ pop$ }
- if$
- }
- if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION {bibinfo.warn}
-{ swap$ duplicate$ missing$
- { swap$ "missing " swap$ * " in " * cite$ * warning$ pop$ "" }
- { duplicate$ empty$
- { swap$ "empty " swap$ * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
- { swap$ pop$ }
- if$
- }
- if$
-}
-
-
-% IEEE separates large numbers with more than 4 digits into groups of
-% three. IEEE uses a small space to separate these number groups.
-% Typical applications include patent and page numbers.
-
-% number of consecutive digits required to trigger the group separation.
-FUNCTION {large.number.trigger}{ #5 }
-
-% For numbers longer than the trigger, this is the blocksize of the groups.
-% The blocksize must be less than the trigger threshold, and 2 * blocksize
-% must be greater than the trigger threshold (can't do more than one
-% separation on the initial trigger).
-FUNCTION {large.number.blocksize}{ #3 }
-
-% What is actually inserted between the number groups.
-FUNCTION {large.number.separator}{ "\," }
-
-% So as to save on integer variables by reusing existing ones, numnames
-% holds the current number of consecutive digits read and nameptr holds
-% the number that will trigger an inserted space.
-FUNCTION {large.number.separate}
-{ 't :=
- ""
- #0 'numnames :=
- large.number.trigger 'nameptr :=
- { t empty$ not }
- { t #-1 #1 substring$ is.num
- { numnames #1 + 'numnames := }
- { #0 'numnames :=
- large.number.trigger 'nameptr :=
- }
- if$
- t #-1 #1 substring$ swap$ *
- t #-2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
- numnames nameptr =
- { duplicate$ #1 nameptr large.number.blocksize - substring$ swap$
- nameptr large.number.blocksize - #1 + global.max$ substring$
- large.number.separator swap$ * *
- nameptr large.number.blocksize - 'numnames :=
- large.number.blocksize #1 + 'nameptr :=
- }
- { skip$ }
- if$
- }
- while$
-}
-
-% Converts all single dashes "-" to double dashes "--".
-FUNCTION {n.dashify}
-{ large.number.separate
- 't :=
- ""
- { t empty$ not }
- { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" =
- { t #1 #2 substring$ "--" = not
- { "--" *
- t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
- }
- { { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = }
- { "-" *
- t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
- }
- while$
- }
- if$
- }
- { t #1 #1 substring$ *
- t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
- }
- if$
- }
- while$
-}
-
-
-% This function detects entries with names that are identical to that of
-% the previous entry and replaces the repeated names with dashes (if the
-% "is.dash.repeated.names" user control is nonzero).
-FUNCTION {name.or.dash}
-{ 's :=
- oldname empty$
- { s 'oldname := s }
- { s oldname =
- { is.dash.repeated.names
- { repeated.name.dashes }
- { s 'oldname := s }
- if$
- }
- { s 'oldname := s }
- if$
- }
- if$
-}
-
-% Converts the number string on the top of the stack to
-% "numerical ordinal form" (e.g., "7" to "7th"). There is
-% no artificial limit to the upper bound of the numbers as the
-% least significant digit always determines the ordinal form.
-FUNCTION {num.to.ordinal}
-{ duplicate$ #-1 #1 substring$ "1" =
- { bbl.st * }
- { duplicate$ #-1 #1 substring$ "2" =
- { bbl.nd * }
- { duplicate$ #-1 #1 substring$ "3" =
- { bbl.rd * }
- { bbl.th * }
- if$
- }
- if$
- }
- if$
-}
-
-% If the string on the top of the stack begins with a number,
-% (e.g., 11th) then replace the string with the leading number
-% it contains. Otherwise retain the string as-is. s holds the
-% extracted number, t holds the part of the string that remains
-% to be scanned.
-FUNCTION {extract.num}
-{ duplicate$ 't :=
- "" 's :=
- { t empty$ not }
- { t #1 #1 substring$
- t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
- duplicate$ is.num
- { s swap$ * 's := }
- { pop$ "" 't := }
- if$
- }
- while$
- s empty$
- 'skip$
- { pop$ s }
- if$
-}
-
-% Converts the word number string on the top of the stack to
-% Arabic string form. Will be successful up to "tenth".
-FUNCTION {word.to.num}
-{ duplicate$ "l" change.case$ 's :=
- s "first" =
- { pop$ "1" }
- { skip$ }
- if$
- s "second" =
- { pop$ "2" }
- { skip$ }
- if$
- s "third" =
- { pop$ "3" }
- { skip$ }
- if$
- s "fourth" =
- { pop$ "4" }
- { skip$ }
- if$
- s "fifth" =
- { pop$ "5" }
- { skip$ }
- if$
- s "sixth" =
- { pop$ "6" }
- { skip$ }
- if$
- s "seventh" =
- { pop$ "7" }
- { skip$ }
- if$
- s "eighth" =
- { pop$ "8" }
- { skip$ }
- if$
- s "ninth" =
- { pop$ "9" }
- { skip$ }
- if$
- s "tenth" =
- { pop$ "10" }
- { skip$ }
- if$
-}
-
-
-% Converts the string on the top of the stack to numerical
-% ordinal (e.g., "11th") form.
-FUNCTION {convert.edition}
-{ duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
- { duplicate$ #1 #1 substring$ is.num
- { extract.num
- num.to.ordinal
- }
- { word.to.num
- duplicate$ #1 #1 substring$ is.num
- { num.to.ordinal }
- { "edition ordinal word " quote$ * edition * quote$ *
- " may be too high (or improper) for conversion" * " in " * cite$ * warning$
- }
- if$
- }
- if$
- }
- if$
-}
-
-
-
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%% LATEX BIBLIOGRAPHY CODE %%
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-
-FUNCTION {start.entry}
-{ newline$
- "\bibitem{" write$
- cite$ write$
- "}" write$
- newline$
- ""
- initialize.prev.this.status
-}
-
-% Here we write out all the LaTeX code that we will need. The most involved
-% code sequences are those that control the alternate interword spacing and
-% foreign language hyphenation patterns. The heavy use of \providecommand
-% gives users a way to override the defaults. Special thanks to Javier Bezos,
-% Johannes Braams, Robin Fairbairns, Heiko Oberdiek, Donald Arseneau and all
-% the other gurus on comp.text.tex for their help and advice on the topic of
-% \selectlanguage, Babel and BibTeX.
-FUNCTION {begin.bib}
-{ "% Generated by IEEEtran.bst, version: " bst.file.version * " (" * bst.file.date * ")" *
- write$ newline$
- preamble$ empty$ 'skip$
- { preamble$ write$ newline$ }
- if$
- "\begin{thebibliography}{" longest.label * "}" *
- write$ newline$
- "\providecommand{\url}[1]{#1}"
- write$ newline$
- "\csname url@samestyle\endcsname"
- write$ newline$
- "\providecommand{\newblock}{\relax}"
- write$ newline$
- "\providecommand{\bibinfo}[2]{#2}"
- write$ newline$
- "\providecommand{\BIBentrySTDinterwordspacing}{\spaceskip=0pt\relax}"
- write$ newline$
- "\providecommand{\BIBentryALTinterwordstretchfactor}{"
- ALTinterwordstretchfactor * "}" *
- write$ newline$
- "\providecommand{\BIBentryALTinterwordspacing}{\spaceskip=\fontdimen2\font plus "
- write$ newline$
- "\BIBentryALTinterwordstretchfactor\fontdimen3\font minus \fontdimen4\font\relax}"
- write$ newline$
- "\providecommand{\BIBforeignlanguage}[2]{{%"
- write$ newline$
- "\expandafter\ifx\csname l@#1\endcsname\relax"
- write$ newline$
- "\typeout{** WARNING: IEEEtran.bst: No hyphenation pattern has been}%"
- write$ newline$
- "\typeout{** loaded for the language `#1'. Using the pattern for}%"
- write$ newline$
- "\typeout{** the default language instead.}%"
- write$ newline$
- "\else"
- write$ newline$
- "\language=\csname l@#1\endcsname"
- write$ newline$
- "\fi"
- write$ newline$
- "#2}}"
- write$ newline$
- "\providecommand{\BIBdecl}{\relax}"
- write$ newline$
- "\BIBdecl"
- write$ newline$
-}
-
-FUNCTION {end.bib}
-{ newline$ "\end{thebibliography}" write$ newline$ }
-
-FUNCTION {if.url.alt.interword.spacing}
-{ is.use.alt.interword.spacing
- {url empty$ 'skip$ {"\BIBentryALTinterwordspacing" write$ newline$} if$}
- { skip$ }
- if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION {if.url.std.interword.spacing}
-{ is.use.alt.interword.spacing
- {url empty$ 'skip$ {"\BIBentrySTDinterwordspacing" write$ newline$} if$}
- { skip$ }
- if$
-}
-
-
-
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%% LONGEST LABEL PASS %%
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-
-FUNCTION {initialize.longest.label}
-{ "" 'longest.label :=
- #1 'number.label :=
- #0 'longest.label.width :=
-}
-
-FUNCTION {longest.label.pass}
-{ type$ "ieeetranbstctl" =
- { skip$ }
- { number.label int.to.str$ 'label :=
- number.label #1 + 'number.label :=
- label width$ longest.label.width >
- { label 'longest.label :=
- label width$ 'longest.label.width :=
- }
- { skip$ }
- if$
- }
- if$
-}
-
-
-
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%% FORMAT HANDLERS %%
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-
-%% Lower Level Formats (use