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|
.TH BFS 1
.SH NAME
bfs \- breadth-first search for your files
.SH SYNOPSIS
.B bfs
.RB [ flags ...]
.RI [ paths ...]
.RB [ expression ...]
.PP
flags
.RB ( \-H / \-L / \-P
etc.),
.IR paths ,
and
.B expressions
may be freely mixed in any order.
.SH DESCRIPTION
.B bfs
is a breadth-first version of the UNIX
.BR find (1)
command.
.PP
.B bfs
supports almost every feature from every major
.BR find (1)
implementation, so your existing command lines should work as-is.
It also adds some features of its own, such as a more forgiving command line parser and some additional options.
.PP
Each
.I path
specified on the command line is treated as a starting path to search through.
If no paths are specified, the current directory
.RI ( . )
is searched by default.
.PP
Like
.BR find (1),
.B bfs
interprets its arguments as a short-circuiting Boolean expression.
For example,
.PP
.nf
.RS
.B bfs \\\( \-name '*.txt' \-or \-lname '*.txt' \\\\) \-and \-print
.RE
.fi
.PP
will print the all the paths that are either .txt files or symbolic links to .txt files.
.B \-and
is implied between two consecutive expressions, so this is equivalent:
.PP
.nf
.RS
.B bfs \\\( \-name '*.txt' \-or \-lname '*.txt' \\\\) \-print
.RE
.fi
.PP
Finally,
.B \-print
is implied if no actions are specified, so this too is equivalent:
.PP
.nf
.RS
.B bfs \-name '*.txt' \-or \-lname '*.txt'
.RE
.fi
.PP
Most options that take a numeric argument
.I N
will also accept
.I \-N
or
.IR +N .
.IR \-N
means "less than
.IR N ,"
and
.I +N
means "greater than
.IR N ."
.SH FLAGS
.TP
.B \-H
Follow symbolic links on the command line, but not while searching.
.TP
.B \-L
Follow all symbolic links.
.TP
.B \-P
Never follow symbolic links (the default).
.TP
.B \-E
Use extended regular expressions (same as \fB\-regextype posix-extended\fR).
.TP
.B \-X
Filter out files with
.RB non- xargs (1)-safe
names.
.TP
.B \-d
Search in post-order (same as
.BR \-depth ).
.TP
.B \-s
Visit directory entries in sorted order.
The sorting takes place within each directory separately, which makes it different from
.B bfs ... |
.BR sort ,
but still provides a deterministic ordering.
.TP
.B \-x
Don't descend into other mount points (same as \fB\-xdev\fR).
.TP
\fB\-f \fIPATH\fR
Treat
.I PATH
as a path to search (useful if it begins with a dash).
.PP
.TP
\fB\-D \fIFLAG\fR
Turn on a debugging flag (see
.B \-D
.IR help ).
.PP
\fB\-O\fIN\fR
.RS
Enable optimization level
.I N
(default:
.IR 3 ).
.TP
.BI \-O 0
Disable all optimizations.
.TP
.BI \-O 1
Basic logical simplifications.
.TP
.BI \-O 2
All
.BI \-O 1
optimizations, plus dead code elimination and data flow analysis.
.TP
.BI \-O 3
All
.BI \-O 2
optimizations, plus re-order expressions to reduce expected cost.
.TP
\fB\-O\fI4\fR/\fB\-O\fIfast\fR
All optimizations, including aggressive optimizations that may alter the observed behavior in corner cases.
.RE
.PP
\fB\-S \fIbfs\fR|\fIdfs\fR|\fIids\fR|\fIeds\fR
.RS
Choose the search strategy.
.TP
.I bfs
Breadth-first search (the default).
.TP
.I dfs
Depth-first search.
Uses less memory than breadth-first search, but is typically slower to return relevant results.
.TP
.I ids
Iterative deepening search.
Performs repeated depth-first searches with increasing depth limits.
This gives results in the same order as breadth-first search, but with the reduced memory consumption of depth-first search.
Tends to be very slow in practice, so use it only if you absolutely need breadth-first ordering, but
.B \-S
.I bfs
consumes too much memory.
.TP
.I eds
Exponential deepening search.
A compromise between breadth- and depth-first search, which searches exponentially increasing depth ranges (e.g 0-1, 1-2, 2-4, 4-8, etc.).
Provides many of the benefits of breadth-first search with depth-first's reduced memory consumption.
Typically far faster than
.B \-S
.IR ids .
.RE
.SH OPERATORS
.TP
\fB( \fIexpression \fB)\fR
Parentheses are used for grouping expressions together.
You'll probably have to write
.B \\\\(
.I expression
.B \\\\)
to avoid the parentheses being interpreted by the shell.
.PP
\fB! \fIexpression\fR
.br
\fB\-not \fIexpression\fR
.RS
The "not" operator: returns the negation of the truth value of the
.IR expression .
You may have to write \fB\\! \fIexpression\fR to avoid \fB!\fR being interpreted by the shell.
.RE
.PP
\fIexpression\fR \fIexpression\fR
.br
\fIexpression \fB\-a \fIexpression\fR
.br
\fIexpression \fB\-and \fIexpression\fR
.RS
Short-circuiting "and" operator: if the left-hand
.I expression
is
.BR true ,
returns the right-hand
.IR expression ;
otherwise, returns
.BR false .
.RE
.PP
\fIexpression \fB\-o \fIexpression\fR
.br
\fIexpression \fB\-or \fIexpression\fR
.RS
Short-circuiting "or" operator: if the left-hand
.I expression
is
.BR false ,
returns the right-hand
.IR expression ;
otherwise, returns
.BR true .
.RE
.TP
\fIexpression \fB, \fIexpression\fR
The "comma" operator: evaluates the left-hand
.I expression
but discards the result, returning the right-hand
.IR expression .
.SH SPECIAL FORMS
.TP
\fB\-exclude \fIexpression\fR
Exclude all paths matching the
.I expression
from the search.
This is more powerful than
.BR \-prune ,
because it applies even when the expression wouldn't otherwise be evaluated, due to
.B \-depth
or
.B \-mindepth
for example.
Exclusions are always applied before other expressions, so it may be least confusing to put them first on the command line.
.SH OPTIONS
.PP
.B \-color
.br
.B \-nocolor
.RS
Turn colors on or off (default:
.B \-color
if outputting to a terminal,
.B \-nocolor
otherwise).
.RE
.TP
.B \-daystart
Measure time relative to the start of today.
.TP
.B \-depth
Search in post-order (descendents first).
.TP
.B \-follow
Follow all symbolic links (same as
.BR \-L ).
.TP
\fB\-files0\-from \fIFILE\fR
Treat the NUL ('\\0')-separated paths in
.I FILE
as starting points for the search.
Pass
.B \-files0\-from
.I \-
to read the paths from standard input.
.PP
\fB\-ignore_readdir_race\fR
.br
\fB\-noignore_readdir_race\fR
.RS
Whether to report an error if
.B bfs
detects that the file tree is modified during the search (default:
.BR \-noignore_readdir_race ).
.RE
.PP
\fB\-maxdepth \fIN\fR
.br
\fB\-mindepth \fIN\fR
.RS
Ignore files deeper/shallower than
.IR N .
.RE
.TP
.B \-mount
Don't descend into other mount points (same as
.B \-xdev
for now, but will skip mount points entirely in the future).
.TP
.B \-nohidden
Exclude hidden files and directories.
.TP
.B \-noleaf
Ignored; for compatibility with GNU find.
.TP
\fB\-regextype \fITYPE\fR
Use
.IR TYPE -flavored
regexes (default:
.IR posix-basic ;
see
.B \-regextype
.IR help ).
.TP
.B \-status
Display a status bar while searching.
.TP
.B \-unique
Skip any files that have already been seen.
Particularly useful along with
.BR \-L .
.PP
.B \-warn
.br
.B \-nowarn
.RS
Turn on or off warnings about the command line.
.RE
.TP
.B \-xdev
Don't descend into other mount points.
.SH TESTS
.TP
.B \-acl
Find files with a non-trivial Access Control List
.RB ( acl (5)).
.PP
\fB\-amin\fR [\fI\-+\fR]\fIN\fR
.br
\fB\-Bmin\fR [\fI\-+\fR]\fIN\fR
.br
\fB\-cmin\fR [\fI\-+\fR]\fIN\fR
.br
\fB\-mmin\fR [\fI\-+\fR]\fIN\fR
.RS
Find files
.BR a ccessed/ B irthed/ c hanged/ m odified
.I N
minutes ago.
.RE
.PP
\fB\-anewer \fIFILE\fR
.br
\fB\-Bnewer \fIFILE\fR
.br
\fB\-cnewer \fIFILE\fR
.br
\fB\-mnewer \fIFILE\fR
.RS
Find files
.BR a ccessed/ B irthed/ c hanged/ m odified
more recently than
.I FILE
was modified.
.RE
.PP
\fB\-asince \fITIME\fR
.br
\fB\-Bsince \fITIME\fR
.br
\fB\-csince \fITIME\fR
.br
\fB\-msince \fITIME\fR
.RS
Find files
.BR a ccessed/ B irthed/ c hanged/ m odified
more recently than the ISO 8601-style timestamp
.IR TIME .
See
.BI \-newer XY
for examples of the timestamp format.
.RE
.PP
\fB\-atime\fR [\fI\-+\fR]\fIN\fR
.br
\fB\-Btime\fR [\fI\-+\fR]\fIN\fR
.br
\fB\-ctime\fR [\fI\-+\fR]\fIN\fR
.br
\fB\-mtime\fR [\fI\-+\fR]\fIN\fR
.RS
Find files
.BR a ccessed/ B irthed/ c hanged/ m odified
.I N
days ago.
.RE
.TP
.B \-capable
Find files with POSIX.1e
.BR capabilities (7)
set.
.TP
\fB\-depth\fR [\fI\-+\fR]\fIN\fR
Find files with depth
.IR N .
.TP
.B \-empty
Find empty files/directories.
.PP
.B \-executable
.br
.B \-readable
.br
.B \-writable
.RS
Find files the current user can execute/read/write.
.RE
.PP
.B \-false
.br
.B \-true
.RS
Always false/true.
.RE
.TP
.B \-fstype TYPE
Find files on file systems with the given
.BR TYPE .
.PP
\fB\-gid\fR [\fI\-+\fR]\fIN\fR
.br
\fB\-uid\fR [\fI\-+\fR]\fIN\fR
.RS
Find files owned by group/user ID
.IR N .
.RE
.PP
\fB\-group \fINAME\fR
.br
\fB\-user \fINAME\fR
.RS
Find files owned by the group/user
.IR NAME .
.RE
.TP
.B \-hidden
Find hidden files (those beginning with
.IR . ).
.PP
\fB\-ilname \fIGLOB\fR
.br
\fB\-iname \fIGLOB\fR
.br
\fB\-ipath \fIGLOB\fR
.br
\fB\-iregex \fIREGEX\fR
.br
\fB\-iwholename \fIGLOB\fR
.RS
Case-insensitive versions of
.BR \-lname / \-name / \-path / \-regex / \-wholename .
.RE
.TP
\fB\-inum\fR [\fI\-+\fR]\fIN\fR
Find files with inode number
.IR N .
.TP
\fB\-links\fR [\fI\-+\fR]\fIN\fR
Find files with
.I N
hard links.
.TP
\fB\-lname \fIGLOB\fR
Find symbolic links whose target matches the
.IR GLOB .
.TP
\fB\-name \fIGLOB\fR
Find files whose name matches the
.IR GLOB .
.TP
\fB\-newer \fIFILE\fR
Find files newer than
.IR FILE .
.TP
\fB\-newer\fIXY \fIREFERENCE\fR
Find files whose
.I X
time is newer than the
.I Y
|