// Copyright 2016 Joe Wilm, The Alacritty Project Contributors
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
//
//! Font rendering based on CoreText
//!
//! TODO error handling... just search for unwrap.
#![allow(improper_ctypes)]
use std::collections::HashMap;
use std::ptr;

use ::{Slant, Weight, Style};

use core_foundation::base::TCFType;
use core_foundation::string::{CFString, CFStringRef};
use core_foundation::array::CFIndex;
use core_foundation_sys::string::UniChar;
use core_graphics::base::kCGImageAlphaPremultipliedFirst;
use core_graphics::base::CGFloat;
use core_graphics::color_space::CGColorSpace;
use core_graphics::context::{CGContext, CGContextRef};
use core_graphics::font::{CGFont, CGFontRef, CGGlyph};
use core_graphics::geometry::{CGPoint, CGRect, CGSize};
use core_text::font::{CTFont, new_from_descriptor as ct_new_from_descriptor};
use core_text::font_collection::create_for_family;
use core_text::font_collection::get_family_names as ct_get_family_names;
use core_text::font_descriptor::kCTFontDefaultOrientation;
use core_text::font_descriptor::kCTFontHorizontalOrientation;
use core_text::font_descriptor::kCTFontVerticalOrientation;
use core_text::font_descriptor::{CTFontDescriptor, CTFontDescriptorRef, CTFontOrientation};
use core_text::font_descriptor::SymbolicTraitAccessors;

use libc::{size_t, c_int};

use euclid::point::Point2D;
use euclid::rect::Rect;
use euclid::size::Size2D;

use super::{FontDesc, RasterizedGlyph, Metrics, FontKey, GlyphKey};

pub mod cg_color;
use self::cg_color::{CGColorRef, CGColor};

pub mod byte_order;
use self::byte_order::kCGBitmapByteOrder32Host;
use self::byte_order::extract_rgb;

use super::Size;

/// Font descriptor
///
/// The descriptor provides data about a font and supports creating a font.
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct Descriptor {
    family_name: String,
    font_name: String,
    style_name: String,
    display_name: String,
    font_path: String,

    ct_descriptor: CTFontDescriptor
}

/// Rasterizer, the main type exported by this package
///
/// Given a fontdesc, can rasterize fonts.
pub struct Rasterizer {
    fonts: HashMap<FontKey, Font>,
    keys: HashMap<(FontDesc, Size), FontKey>,
    device_pixel_ratio: f32,
    use_thin_strokes: bool,
}

/// Errors occurring when using the core text rasterizer
#[derive(Debug)]
pub enum Error {
    /// Tried to rasterize a glyph but it was not available
    MissingGlyph(char),

    /// Couldn't find font matching description
    MissingFont(FontDesc),

    /// Requested an operation with a FontKey that isn't known to the rasterizer
    FontNotLoaded,
}

impl ::std::error::Error for Error {
    fn description(&self) -> &str {
        match *self {
            Error::MissingGlyph(ref _c) => "couldn't find the requested glyph",
            Error::MissingFont(ref _desc) => "couldn't find the requested font",
            Error::FontNotLoaded => "tried to operate on font that hasn't been loaded",
        }
    }
}

impl ::std::fmt::Display for Error {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut ::std::fmt::Formatter) -> ::std::fmt::Result {
        match *self {
            Error::MissingGlyph(ref c) => {
                write!(f, "Glyph not found for char {:?}", c)
            },
            Error::MissingFont(ref desc) => {
                write!(f, "Couldn't find a font with {}\
                       \n\tPlease check the font config in your alacritty.yml.", desc)
            },
            Error::FontNotLoaded => {
                f.write_str("Tried to use a font that hasn't been loaded")
            }
        }
    }
}

impl ::Rasterize for Rasterizer {
    type Err = Error;

    fn new(_dpi_x: f32, _dpi_y: f32, device_pixel_ratio: f32, use_thin_strokes: bool) -> Result<Rasterizer, Error> {
        info!("device_pixel_ratio: {}", device_pixel_ratio);
        Ok(Rasterizer {
            fonts: HashMap::new(),
            keys: HashMap::new(),
            device_pixel_ratio: device_pixel_ratio,
            use_thin_strokes: use_thin_strokes,
        })
    }

    /// Get metrics for font specified by FontKey
    fn metrics(&self, key: FontKey) -> Result<Metrics, Error> {
        let font = self.fonts
            .get(&key)
            .ok_or(Error::FontNotLoaded)?;

        Ok(font.metrics())
    }

    fn load_font(&mut self, desc: &FontDesc, size: Size) -> Result<FontKey, Error> {
        self.keys
            .get(&(desc.to_owned(), size))
            .map(|k| Ok(*k))
            .unwrap_or_else(|| {
                let font = self.get_font(desc, size)?;
                let key = FontKey::next();

                self.fonts.insert(key, font);
                self.keys.insert((desc.clone(), size), key);

                Ok(key)
            })
    }

    /// Get rasterized glyph for given glyph key
    fn get_glyph(&mut self, glyph: &GlyphKey) -> Result<RasterizedGlyph, Error> {
        let scaled_size = self.device_pixel_ratio * glyph.size.as_f32_pts();

        self.fonts
            .get(&glyph.font_key)
            .ok_or(Error::FontNotLoaded)?
            .get_glyph(glyph.c, scaled_size as _, self.use_thin_strokes)
    }
}

impl Rasterizer {
    fn get_specific_face(
        &mut self,
        desc: &FontDesc,
        style: &str,
        size: Size
    ) -> Result<Font, Error> {
        let descriptors = descriptors_for_family(&desc.name[..]);
        for descriptor in descriptors {
            if descriptor.style_name == style {
                // Found the font we want
                let scaled_size = size.as_f32_pts() as f64 * self.device_pixel_ratio as f64;
                let font = descriptor.to_font(scaled_size);
                return Ok(font);
            }
        }

        Err(Error::MissingFont(desc.to_owned()))
    }

    fn get_matching_face(
        &mut self,
        desc: &FontDesc,
        slant: Slant,
        weight: Weight,
        size: Size
    ) -> Result<Font, Error> {
        let bold = match weight {
            Weight::Bold => true,
            _ => false
        };
        let italic = match slant {
            Slant::Normal => false,
            _ => true,
        };
        let scaled_size = size.as_f32_pts() as f64 * self.device_pixel_ratio as f64;

        let descriptors = descriptors_for_family(&desc.name[..]);
        for descriptor in descriptors {
            let font = descriptor.to_font(scaled_size);
            if font.is_bold() == bold && font.is_italic() == italic {
                // Found the font we want
                return Ok(font);
            }
        }

        Err(Error::MissingFont(desc.to_owned()))
    }

    fn get_font(&mut self, desc: &FontDesc, size: Size) -> Result<Font, Error> {
        match desc.style {
            Style::Specific(ref style) => self.get_specific_face(desc, style, size),
            Style::Description { slant, weight } => {
                self.get_matching_face(desc, slant, weight, size)
            },
        }
    }
}

/// Specifies the intended rendering orientation of the font for obtaining glyph metrics
#[derive(Debug)]
pub enum FontOrientation {
    Default = kCTFontDefaultOrientation as isize,
    Horizontal = kCTFontHorizontalOrientation as isize,
    Vertical = kCTFontVerticalOrientation as isize,
}

impl Default for FontOrientation {
    fn default() -> FontOrientation {
        FontOrientation::Default
    }
}

/// A font
#[derive(Clone)]
pub struct Font {
    ct_font: CTFont,
    cg_font: CGFont,
}

unsafe impl Send for Font {}

/// List all family names
pub fn get_family_names() -> Vec<String> {
    // CFArray of CFStringRef
    let names = ct_get_family_names();
    let mut owned_names = Vec::new();

    for name in names.iter() {
        let family: CFString = unsafe { TCFType::wrap_under_get_rule(name as CFStringRef) };
        owned_names.push(format!("{}", family));
    }

    owned_names
}

/// Get descriptors for family name
pub fn descriptors_for_family(family: &str) -> Vec<Descriptor> {
    let mut out = Vec::new();

    let ct_collection = match create_for_family(family) {
        Some(c) => c,
        None => return out,
    };

    // CFArray of CTFontDescriptorRef (i think)
    let descriptors = ct_collection.get_descriptors();
    for descriptor in descriptors.iter() {
        let desc: CTFontDescriptor = unsafe {
            TCFType::wrap_under_get_rule(descriptor as CTFontDescriptorRef)
        };
        out.push(Descriptor {
            family_name: desc.family_name(),
            font_name: desc.font_name(),
            style_name: desc.style_name(),
            display_name: desc.display_name(),
            font_path: desc.font_path(),
            ct_descriptor: desc,
        });
    }

    out
}

impl Descriptor {
    /// Create a Font from this descriptor
    pub fn to_font(&self, size: f64) -> Font {
        let ct_font = ct_new_from_descriptor(&self.ct_descriptor, size);
        let cg_font = ct_font.copy_to_CGFont();
        Font {
            ct_font: ct_font,
            cg_font: cg_font,
        }
    }
}

impl Font {
    /// The the bounding rect of a glyph
    pub fn bounding_rect_for_glyph(
        &self,
        orientation: FontOrientation,
        index: u32
    ) -> Rect<f64> {
        let cg_rect = self.ct_font.get_bounding_rects_for_glyphs(
            orientation as CTFontOrientation,
            &[index as CGGlyph]
        );

        Rect::new(
            Point2D::new(cg_rect.origin.x, cg_rect.origin.y),
            Size2D::new(cg_rect.size.width, cg_rect.size.height),
        )
    }

    pub fn metrics(&self) -> Metrics {
        let average_advance = self.glyph_advance('0');

        let ascent = self.ct_font.ascent() as f64;
        let descent = self.ct_font.descent() as f64;
        let leading = self.ct_font.leading() as f64;
        let line_height = (ascent + descent + leading + 0.5).floor();

        Metrics {
            average_advance: average_advance,
            line_height: line_height,
            descent: self.ct_font.descent() as f32,
        }
    }

    pub fn is_bold(&self) -> bool {
        self.ct_font.symbolic_traits().is_bold()
    }

    pub fn is_italic(&self) -> bool {
        self.ct_font.symbolic_traits().is_italic()
    }

    fn glyph_advance(&self, character: char) -> f64 {
        let index = self.glyph_index(character).unwrap();

        let indices = [index as CGGlyph];

        self.ct_font.get_advances_for_glyphs(
            FontOrientation::Default as _,
            &indices[0],
            ptr::null_mut(),
            1
        )
    }

    pub fn get_glyph(&self, character: char, _size: f64, use_thin_strokes: bool) -> Result<RasterizedGlyph, Error> {
        let glyph_index = self.glyph_index(character)
            .ok_or(Error::MissingGlyph(character))?;

        let bounds = self.bounding_rect_for_glyph(Default::default(), glyph_index);

        let rasterized_left = bounds.origin.x.floor() as i32;
        let rasterized_width =
            (bounds.origin.x - (rasterized_left as f64) + bounds.size.width).ceil() as u32;
        let rasterized_descent = (-bounds.origin.y).ceil() as i32;
        let rasterized_ascent = (bounds.size.height + bounds.origin.y).ceil() as i32;
        let rasterized_height = (rasterized_descent + rasterized_ascent) as u32;

        if rasterized_width == 0 || rasterized_height == 0 {
            return Ok(RasterizedGlyph {
                c: ' ',
                width: 0,
                height: 0,
                top: 0,
                left: 0,
                buf: Vec::new()
            });
        }

        let mut cg_context = CGContext::create_bitmap_context(
            rasterized_width as usize,
            rasterized_height as usize,
            8, // bits per component
            rasterized_width as usize * 4,
            &CGColorSpace::create_device_rgb(),
            kCGImageAlphaPremultipliedFirst | kCGBitmapByteOrder32Host
        );

        // Give the context an opaque, black background
        cg_context.set_rgb_fill_color(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
        let context_rect = CGRect::new(
            &CGPoint::new(0.0, 0.0),
            &CGSize::new(
                rasterized_width as f64,
                rasterized_height as f64
            )
        );

        cg_context.fill_rect(context_rect);

        if use_thin_strokes {
            cg_context.set_font_smoothing_style(16);
        }

        cg_context.set_allows_font_smoothing(true);
        cg_context.set_should_smooth_fonts(true);
        cg_context.set_allows_font_subpixel_quantization(true);
        cg_context.set_should_subpixel_quantize_fonts(true);
        cg_context.set_allows_font_subpixel_positioning(true);
        cg_context.set_should_subpixel_position_fonts(true);
        cg_context.set_allows_antialiasing(true);
        cg_context.set_should_antialias(true);

        // Set fill color to white for drawing the glyph
        cg_context.set_rgb_fill_color(1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
        let rasterization_origin = CGPoint {
            x: -rasterized_left as f64,
            y: rasterized_descent as f64,
        };

        self.ct_font.draw_glyphs(&[glyph_index as CGGlyph],
                                 &[rasterization_origin],
                                 cg_context.clone());

        let rasterized_pixels = cg_context.data().to_vec();

        let buf = extract_rgb(rasterized_pixels);

        Ok(RasterizedGlyph {
            c: character,
            left: rasterized_left,
            top: (bounds.size.height + bounds.origin.y).ceil() as i32,
            width: rasterized_width as i32,
            height: rasterized_height as i32,
            buf: buf,
        })
    }

    fn glyph_index(&self, character: char) -> Option<u32> {
        let chars = [character as UniChar];
        let mut glyphs = [0 as CGGlyph];

        let res = self.ct_font.get_glyphs_for_characters(
            &chars[0],
            &mut glyphs[0],
            1 as CFIndex
        );

        if res {
            Some(glyphs[0] as u32)
        } else {
            None
        }
    }
}

/// Additional methods needed to render fonts for Alacritty
///
/// TODO upstream these into core_graphics crate
pub trait CGContextExt {
    fn set_allows_font_subpixel_quantization(&self, bool);
    fn set_should_subpixel_quantize_fonts(&self, bool);
    fn set_allows_font_subpixel_positioning(&self, bool);
    fn set_should_subpixel_position_fonts(&self, bool);
    fn set_allows_antialiasing(&self, bool);
    fn set_should_antialias(&self, bool);
    fn fill_rect(&self, rect: CGRect);
    fn set_font_smoothing_background_color(&self, color: CGColor);
    fn show_glyphs_at_positions(&self, &[CGGlyph], &[CGPoint]);
    fn set_font(&self, &CGFont);
    fn set_font_size(&self, size: f64);
    fn set_font_smoothing_style(&self, style: i32);
}

impl CGContextExt for CGContext {
    fn set_allows_font_subpixel_quantization(&self, allows: bool) {
        unsafe {
            CGContextSetAllowsFontSubpixelQuantization(self.as_concrete_TypeRef(), allows);
        }
    }

    fn set_should_subpixel_quantize_fonts(&self, should: bool) {
        unsafe {
            CGContextSetShouldSubpixelQuantizeFonts(self.as_concrete_TypeRef(), should);
        }
    }

    fn set_should_subpixel_position_fonts(&self, should: bool) {
        unsafe {
            CGContextSetShouldSubpixelPositionFonts(self.as_concrete_TypeRef(), should);
        }
    }

    fn set_allows_font_subpixel_positioning(&self, allows: bool) {
        unsafe {
            CGContextSetAllowsFontSubpixelPositioning(self.as_concrete_TypeRef(), allows);
        }
    }

    fn set_should_antialias(&self, should: bool) {
        unsafe {
            CGContextSetShouldAntialias(self.as_concrete_TypeRef(), should);
        }
    }

    fn set_allows_antialiasing(&self, allows: bool) {
        unsafe {
            CGContextSetAllowsAntialiasing(self.as_concrete_TypeRef(), allows);
        }
    }

    fn fill_rect(&self, rect: CGRect) {
        unsafe {
            CGContextFillRect(self.as_concrete_TypeRef(), rect);
        }
    }

    fn set_font_smoothing_background_color(&self, color: CGColor) {
        unsafe {
            CGContextSetFontSmoothingBackgroundColor(self.as_concrete_TypeRef(),
                                                     color.as_concrete_TypeRef());
        }
    }

    fn show_glyphs_at_positions(&self, glyphs: &[CGGlyph], positions: &[CGPoint]) {
        assert_eq!(glyphs.len(), positions.len());
        unsafe {
            CGContextShowGlyphsAtPositions(self.as_concrete_TypeRef(),
                                           glyphs.as_ptr(),
                                           positions.as_ptr(),
                                           glyphs.len());
        }
    }

    fn set_font(&self, font: &CGFont) {
        unsafe {
            CGContextSetFont(self.as_concrete_TypeRef(), font.as_concrete_TypeRef());
        }
    }

    fn set_font_size(&self, size: f64) {
        unsafe {
            CGContextSetFontSize(self.as_concrete_TypeRef(), size as CGFloat);
        }
    }

    fn set_font_smoothing_style(&self, style: i32) {
        unsafe {
            CGContextSetFontSmoothingStyle(self.as_concrete_TypeRef(), style as _);
        }
    }
}

#[link(name = "ApplicationServices", kind = "framework")]
extern {
    fn CGContextSetAllowsFontSubpixelQuantization(c: CGContextRef, allows: bool);
    fn CGContextSetShouldSubpixelQuantizeFonts(c: CGContextRef, should: bool);
    fn CGContextSetAllowsFontSubpixelPositioning(c: CGContextRef, allows: bool);
    fn CGContextSetShouldSubpixelPositionFonts(c: CGContextRef, should: bool);
    fn CGContextSetAllowsAntialiasing(c: CGContextRef, allows: bool);
    fn CGContextSetShouldAntialias(c: CGContextRef, should: bool);
    fn CGContextFillRect(c: CGContextRef, r: CGRect);
    fn CGContextSetFontSmoothingBackgroundColor(c: CGContextRef, color: CGColorRef);
    fn CGContextShowGlyphsAtPositions(c: CGContextRef, glyphs: *const CGGlyph,
                                      positions: *const CGPoint, count: size_t);
    fn CGContextSetFont(c: CGContextRef, font: CGFontRef);
    fn CGContextSetFontSize(c: CGContextRef, size: CGFloat);
    fn CGContextSetFontSmoothingStyle(c: CGContextRef, style: c_int);
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    #[test]
    fn get_family_names() {
        let names = super::get_family_names();
        assert!(names.contains(&String::from("Menlo")));
        assert!(names.contains(&String::from("Monaco")));
    }

    #[test]
    fn get_descriptors_and_build_font() {
        let list = super::descriptors_for_family("Menlo");
        assert!(!list.is_empty());
        info!("{:?}", list);

        // Check to_font
        let fonts = list.iter()
                        .map(|desc| desc.to_font(72.))
                        .collect::<Vec<_>>();

        for font in fonts {
            // Get a glyph
            for c in &['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'] {
                let glyph = font.get_glyph(*c, 72.).unwrap();

                // Debug the glyph.. sigh
                for row in 0..glyph.height {
                    for col in 0..glyph.width {
                        let index = ((glyph.width * 3 * row) + (col * 3)) as usize;
                        let value = glyph.buf[index];
                        let c = match value {
                            0...50 => ' ',
                            51...100 => '.',
                            101...150 => '~',
                            151...200 => '*',
                            201...255 => '#',
                            _ => unreachable!()
                        };
                        print!("{}", c);
                    }
                    print!("\n");
                }
            }
        }
    }
}